共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Anna M. Charbonneau Amy H. Mezulis Janet Shibley Hyde 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1050-1058
In this longitudinal study, we examined whether certain types of stressful events and how individuals respond to these events
would explain gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents. We hypothesized that certain stressful events would
mediate the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. We also hypothesized that individual differences in emotional
reactivity would impact part of this relationship. Lastly, we examined whether gender differences in early childhood temperament
might explain gender differences in emotional reactivity in adolescence. We examined these hypotheses in a sample of 315 adolescents
(51% females; 93% Caucasian; 3% African–American; and 1% each Hispanic, Asian–American, and Native American) participating
in a longitudinal study of child development since birth. We used multiple regression and constrained nonlinear regression
to analyze the data. Results indicated that stressful events significantly mediated gender differences in depression, and
that individual differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors significantly moderated the relationship between stress
and depression. We also observed significant gender differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors; temperamental
differences in withdrawal negativity in infancy were marginally significant in mediating gender differences in emotional reactivity
to stress in adolescence.
相似文献
Anna M. CharbonneauEmail: |
2.
Though the overall numbers of women judges remain small, higher proportions of women have been appointed to many lower courts
in common law, and particularly in civil law, countries. This paper investigates whether the experiences of judging and judicial
work differ among women and men magistrates in Australia’s lower courts. The particular focus is satisfaction with their work
as judges. In so doing, it helps build up a picture of the extent of the gendered nature of the judiciary as an occupation.
Measures of overall job satisfaction identify few gender differences; more refined measures highlight areas of divergence
between men and women magistrates, suggesting gendered experiences of judicial work which result from particular characteristics
of the occupation, as presently constituted, rather than the nature of judging itself.
相似文献
Kathy MackEmail: |
3.
When does the Gender Difference in Rumination Begin? Gender and Age Differences in the Use of Rumination by Adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A cross-sectional non-clinical sample of 1,218 adolescents, aged 10–17 years, completed measures of stress, rumination, and
depression to allow tests of the response style theory of S. Nolen-Hoeksema [J Res Adolesc 4:519–534, 1994] in adolescents,
in particular whether increasing levels of stress and rumination in early adolescence are predictive of the onset of the gender
difference in depression. Overall, females reported higher levels of stress, rumination, and depression than males. The onset
of the gender differences in stress and depression occurred at age 13 years, and for rumination one year earlier at 12 years.
Significantly, also from 13 years, rumination explained the gender difference in depression by showing that it significantly
mediated the effect of gender on depression. Gender moderated the rumination to depression relationship; specifically the
association was stronger for females than males. Developmental differences were noted in that rumination significantly mediated
between stress and depression earlier in the age range for females than males. Results supported many of the predictions of
Nolen-Hoeksema’s model of the emergence of a gender difference in adolescent depression.
相似文献
Isobel BrownEmail: |
4.
This study examined gender differences in cross-gender violence perpetration and victimization (ranging from mild, e.g., push,
to severe, e.g., assault with a knife or gun) and attitudes toward dating conflict, among an urban sample of 601 early adolescents
(78% African-American). Comparisons across gender groups for cross-gender (e.g., female-to-male) violence perpetration and
victimization indicated higher levels of perpetration for girls and higher levels of victimization for boys. Girls also reported
higher levels of verbal and physical violence toward partners with regard to attitudes toward dating conflict. A path model
was specified and indicated that cross-gender violence perpetration, harsh parenting, peer deviance, low family income, and
neighborhood hazards accounted for significant variation in attitudes toward dating conflict. Findings were discussed regarding
the need to identify developmental precursors of dating violence in early adolescence and to focus prevention efforts on components
(e.g., social skills, coping strategies) necessary to prevent the onset and escalation of adolescent dating violence.
相似文献
Sylvie MrugEmail: |
5.
Samantha Velluti 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):195-214
The article examines gender equality in collective bargaining and looks at the extent to which gender and equal opportunities
issues have been mainstreamed in industrial relations systems in Italy where, despite the existence of old and new legislation
on gender equality, there are persistently low levels of female employment and the precarious workforce is made up predominantly
of women. The central question addressed in the article is whether the injection of a gender mainstreaming approach in the
Italian collective bargaining system, combined with legislative measures, may improve the situation of women in the context
of both public and private spheres. In particular, the article looks at whether gender mainstreaming has the potential to
pave the way towards an ethos of substantive equality at the workplace, whereby women enter the workforce on equal terms and
men are in a position to share the dual responsibilities of paid and unpaid work. The article maintains that gender mainstreaming
may fulfil its transformative potential as a catalyst for changing both the conceptual and analytical tools which the law
deploys, provided it is envisaged as a three-fold strategy involving simultaneous processes of deconstruction, replacement
and inclusive measures, together with deliberative forms of democracy and the imposition of a statutory positive duty on public
authorities to mainstream equality.
相似文献
Samantha VellutiEmail: |
6.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ples Bilong Mere</Emphasis>*: Law,Gender and Peace-Building in Solomon Islands 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jennifer Corrin 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(2):169-194
This article discusses women and peace-building in Solomon Islands and the effect of law, theory and practical circumstances
on their role. It looks at the place of Solomon Islands women in society historically, with particular reference to war and
peace. It then analyses their current status from a legal perspective, looking at the existing Constitution, the proposed
Federal Constitution, and relevant aspects of international law. It questions whether gender equity provisions are sufficient
to promote participation at a practical level. The article also disputes the effectiveness of various international, regional,
and local initiatives, designed to enhance the status of women. The article discusses the application of some of the theories
relating to women and peace-building to the circumstances of Solomon Islands. It concludes by looking to the future and discussing
means of consolidating women’s position, and increasing their involvement in leadership and decision-making.
相似文献
Jennifer CorrinEmail: |
7.
Kathryn Lockett 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):369-376
Women across geographical and temporal locations have faced similar experiences in conflict and post-conflict situations due
to broad conceptualisations of gender and its perceived implications, which play out within all conflict dynamics. This article
draws on case studies from the work of WOMANKIND Worldwide, a UK-based international women’s human rights and development
organisation, to outline the challenges faced by and innovative strategies used by women’s organisations internationally to
ensure their participation, voice and rights and the role of the women’s movement in uniting disparate groups and individuals.
It recognises that women are not a homogenous group and that their experiences differ widely across geographical and temporal
locations. To guard against biological foundationalism and to ensure a comprehensive approach to peace-building, both a human-rights
approach and a gender analysis are therefore required. Only then will sufficient voice, resources, participation, services,
support, reparations, documentation and respect for human rights be ensured—both for women and men.
相似文献
Kathryn LockettEmail: |
8.
Hilary Charlesworth 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):347-361
This paper examines the way that women’s relationship to peace is constructed in international institutions and international
law. It identifies a set of claims about women and peace that are typically made and considers these in light of women’s experience
in the conflicts in Bougainville, East Timor and the Solomon Islands.
相似文献
Hilary CharlesworthEmail: |
9.
Self-Rated Pubertal Development,Depressive Symptoms and Delinquency: Measurement Issues and Moderation by Gender and Maltreatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sonya Negriff Michelle T. Fung Penelope K. Trickett 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(6):736-746
This cross-sectional study examined relationships between pubertal development, depressive symptoms and delinquency in a sample
of 241 males and 213 females aged 9–13 years. Four objectives were set forth for this study: (1) to examine relationships
between pubertal stage or timing and depressive symptoms and delinquency; (2) to compare continuous and categorical measures
of pubertal timing; (3) to examine gender as a moderator of these relationships, and (4) to examine maltreatment as a moderator
of these relationships. Results indicated that mature pubertal stage and early (continuous) pubertal timing were both related
to higher delinquency whereas only early pubertal timing was related to depressive symptoms. Categorical timing was not related
to depressive symptoms or delinquency. Neither gender nor maltreatment were found to be moderators. These findings provide
evidence against equating pubertal stage, continuous timing, and categorical timing, and highlight the need to identify possible
moderators in research on pubertal development.
相似文献
Penelope K. TrickettEmail: |
10.
Little is known about the impact of the relational context of adolescent sexual activity on depressive symptoms. The present
study examined trajectories of depressive symptoms among 6,602 adolescents (44% male, 60% White) taken from a nationally representative
study (Add Health). Sexually active youth in romantic and casual relationships were first compared to virgins and then to
each other by relational context. Longitudinal, multilevel models examined differences in the course of depressive symptoms
based on sexual activity separately by gender and age group (ages 12–14 and 15–18). Results indicated that when compared to
virgins, any differences in depressive symptoms by relational context of sex were present prior to youth’s sexual debut. The
few significant differences found between youth who had sex in romantic relationships verses those who had casual sex were
present before sexual initiation and not maintained over time, suggesting that casual sex in adolescence is not associated
with long-term risks for depressive symptoms.
相似文献
Kathryn C. MonahanEmail: |
11.
Nowrin Tamanna 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):323-343
This paper focuses on successful reform strategies invoked in parts of the Muslim world to address issues of gender inequality
in the context of Islamic personal law. It traces the development of personal status laws in Tunisia and Morocco, exploring
the models they offer in initiating equality-enhancing reforms in Bangladesh, where a secular and equality-based reform approach
conflicts with Islamic-based conservatism. Recent landmark family law reforms in Morocco show the possibility of achieving
‘women-friendly’ reforms within an Islamic legal framework. Moreover, the Tunisian Personal Status Code, with its successive
reforms, shows that a gender equality-based model of personal law can be successfully integrated into the Muslim way of life.
This study examines the response of Muslim societies to equality-based reforms and differences in approach in initiating them.
The paper maps these sometimes competing approaches, locating them within contemporary feminist debates related to gender
equality in the East and West.
相似文献
Nowrin TamannaEmail: |
12.
Brian P. Daly Richard Q. Shin Charu Thakral Michael Selders Elizabeth Vera 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(1):63-74
In this study we examined the effects of risk factors (perceived neighborhood crime/delinquency problems, neighborhood incivilities)
and protective factors (teacher support, family support, peer support) on the school engagement of 123 urban adolescents of
color. Age and gender were also examined to determine if different ages (younger or older) or genders (male or female) significantly
modified the relationship between the risk factors and school engagement. Results indicated that perceived neighborhood incivilities
was uniquely predictive of school engagement. Contrary to hypotheses, different levels of the perceived social support variables
did not modify the effects of risky neighborhood conditions on adolescent’s perceived school engagement. Age, but not gender,
significantly modified the relationship between perceived family social support and perceived neighborhood crime on adolescents’
reported levels of school engagement. The implications of the results for prevention and intervention programs that address
school engagement among early adolescents of color are considered.
相似文献
Brian P. DalyEmail: |
13.
The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders, parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction. Ideal body internalization and body mass index did not demonstrate significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.
相似文献
Sarah Kate BearmanEmail: |
14.
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a school-based universal preventive stress management training program
for early and middle adolescents in comparison with a no-treatment control group. The study examined the intervention effects
of age (early versus middle adolescents) and gender on perceived stress, interpersonal coping, and self-efficacy prior, immediately
after as well as 3 months after the intervention. Three hundred and twenty adolescents (ages 10–14 years) participated in
the study. Whereas both experimental conditions did not differ substantially in baseline scores, the experimental group scored
higher on perceived self-efficacy compared to the control group at the follow-up assessment. Additionally, the experimental
group showed less perceived stress and more adaptive coping at the post and follow-up assessment. Age-dependent intervention
effects suggested that early adolescents primarily benefited from the treatment. Although the effects must be replicated using
a randomized design, the current findings reveal that the program does strengthen important protective factors for the psychosocial
development of adolescents.
相似文献
Petra HampelEmail: |
15.
Alexandra Loukas Ken G. Ripperger-Suhler Karissa D. Horton 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):804-812
This study examined (a) the associations between school connectedness and early adolescent adjustment problems over a 1 year
period and (b) the equivalence of these associations across gender. Five hundred middle school students (53.4% female), initially
in the 6th and 7th grades, participated in the two-wave study. Results from two-group cross-lagged panel analyses were consistent
across boys’ and girls’ data. After controlling for baseline levels of adjustment problems, school connectedness predicted
lower levels of early adolescent conduct problems 1 year later. Regarding the opposite direction of associations, and even
after baseline levels of school connectedness were taken into account, conduct problems predicted lower levels of subsequent
school connectedness. There were no cross-lagged associations between depressive symptoms and school connectedness, although
elevated levels of baseline depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of subsequent conduct problems. Findings elaborate
previous research by demonstrating that early adolescents actively shape the middle school environment.
相似文献
Karissa D. HortonEmail: |
16.
Mary I. Campa Catherine P. Bradshaw John Eckenrode David S. Zielinski 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(6):627-640
Several studies have indicated that an early onset of delinquent and problem behaviors is associated with a greater risk of
subsequent behavioral and mental health problems. This study builds on that literature by examining histories of behavior
problems in relation to indicators of thriving and precocious behavior during late adolescence. Using longitudinal data from
289 high-risk adolescents, participants were classified according to their problem behavior histories at ages 15 and 19. Findings
indicated that although some adolescents experienced decline over time in their overt behavior problems, those youth showed
fewer indicators of thriving when compared to adolescents with no history of behavior problems. Youth with an earlier onset
of behavior problems also evinced an increased risk for precocious behavior. Gender differences and implications for prevention
through youth development programming are discussed.
相似文献
Mary I. CampaEmail: |
17.
Adolescents’ Acceptance of Same-Sex Peers Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Staccy S. Horn 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):363-371
This study investigated tenth- and twelfth-grade adolescents’ (N ≤ 264) judgments about the acceptability of same-sex peers
who varied in terms of their sexual orientation (straight, gay or lesbian) and their conformity to gender conventions or norms
in regard appearance and mannerisms or activity. Overall, the results of this study suggest that adolescents’ conceptions
of the acceptability of their peers are related not just to sexual orientation but also conformity to gender conventions.
Both straight and gay or lesbian individuals who were non-conventional in their appearance and mannerisms were rated as less
acceptable than individuals who conformed to gender conventions or those who participated in non-conventional activities.
Most surprisingly, for boys, the straight individual who was non-conforming in appearance was rated less acceptable than either
the gay individual who conformed to gender norms or was gender non-conforming in choice of activity.
相似文献
Staccy S. HornEmail: |
18.
Building on research that links gender to differences in well-being and differences in stress exposure and vulnerability,
the current study examines how coping styles are gendered in ways that may contribute to sex differences in depressive symptoms
and delinquent behavior. The study disaggregates stress measures to reflect gender differences in the experience of stress,
examining whether avoidant, approach, and action coping condition the relationship between stress and well-being. Regression
analyses were conducted using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results revealed sex differences
and similarities. The interaction of avoidant coping and stress helped explain why girls had more depressive symptoms than
boys, action coping increased delinquent behavior for girls, while approach coping decreased delinquent behavior for boys
and girls. Assisting adolescents in developing coping styles that discourage avoiding problems or taking quick action, but
that encourage problem-solving, can improve well-being, regardless of sex
Lisa A. Kort-Butler is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She received a Ph.D. in sociology from North Carolina State University. Her current research examines sex differences in adolescent well-being, particularly delinquency and depression, focusing on variations in stress and social/personal resources. She is also interested the role of personality constructs in general strain theory. 相似文献
Lisa A. Kort-ButlerEmail: |
Lisa A. Kort-Butler is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She received a Ph.D. in sociology from North Carolina State University. Her current research examines sex differences in adolescent well-being, particularly delinquency and depression, focusing on variations in stress and social/personal resources. She is also interested the role of personality constructs in general strain theory. 相似文献
19.
Rupa Reddy 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):305-321
This article examines the debate on whether to analyse ‘honour crimes’ as gender-based violence, or as cultural tradition,
and the effects of either stance on protection from and prevention of these crimes. In particular, the article argues that
the categorisation of honour-related violence as primarily cultural ignores its position within the wider spectrum of gender
violence, and may result in a number of unfortunate side-effects, including lesser protection of the rights of women within
minority communities, and the stigmatisation of those communities. At the same time it is problematic to completely dismiss
any cultural aspects of violence against women, and a nuanced approach is required which carefully balances the benefits and
detriments of taking cultural factors into account. The article examines the issues within the context of the legal response
to cases involving honour-related violence, arguing that although the judiciary has in a number of cases inclined towards
viewing ‘honour’ as primarily cultural rather than patriarchal, in some cases they have begun to take a more gender-based
or ‘mature multiculturalism’ approach.
相似文献
Rupa ReddyEmail: |
20.
This study reports on relationships among gender, maternal depressed mood, and children’s trajectories of depressive phenomena across middle childhood and early adolescence. It tested the hypothesis that, compared to boys, girls become increasingly vulnerable to maternal depression as they enter adolescence. The study sample consisted of 834 families from 10 Pacific Northwest schools that participated in the Raising Healthy Children project. Maternal depressed mood and children’s depressive phenomena were assessed annually during an 8-year period that spanned Grade 3 through Grade 10 for the children. Mean scores for girls’ depressive phenomena increased relative to those for boys as children matured. Maternal depressed mood was significantly and positively associated with children’s level of depressive phenomena. An interaction effect of gender and maternal depressed mood on acceleration in children’s depressive phenomena indicated that girls’ trajectories of depressive phenomena were sustained in the presence of maternal depression while those of boys declined in the presence of maternal depression.
相似文献
Eric C. BrownEmail: |