严重受阻的欧洲一体化进程

当前欧盟内部各种矛盾突出,维系欧盟前行的＂深化＂和＂扩大＂两个车轮停摆,欧元区呈分裂之势,原指望解决劳动力匮乏的＂申根协议＂难以实施。随着德国对推进欧洲一体化热情减退,德法两国＂火车头＂作用减弱,加上美国干预力度的加大,欧洲逐渐走下坡路的势头恐怕难以避免。     

《欧盟宪法条约》与欧洲一体化进程

《欧盟宪法条约》的签署标志着欧洲一体化进程一个新的里程碑。欧宪条约在法国、荷兰遭否决,暴露了当前欧盟建设中存在的一些问题,但这些问题是欧盟“成长中的烦恼”。经过反思和整顿之后,《欧盟宪法条约》将“重新复活”,并将推动欧洲一体化更加稳步和健康地发展。     

从欧盟宪法公决看欧洲一体化

《欧盟宪法条约》公决受阻,使欧盟一体化进程再一次遭遇危机。这一结果将对欧洲经济政治产生一系列消极影响,也反映了欧盟内部难以协调的根本性矛盾。然而,这并非欧洲一体化事业的终结,欧洲建设的发展道路过去是,今后仍然是:分歧、争论、妥协、前进。     

Prospects for European Integration as the EU Deals with the Debt Crisis

The debt crisis has profoundly changed the European Union and has added new variables and motive power to European integration. As inter-governmental cooperation has taken the reins in dealing with the crisis,the eurozone is accelerating the integration process in the areas of fiscal and tax policies. The EU’s dual-speed development trend will become more obvious.     

试论欧盟一体化进程中的三对关系

欧盟一体化的前景如何,是欧洲问题的一个热点。欧盟如何认识和处理深化和扩大、多样性和统一性以及区域性和全球性之间的关系,对其一体化进程的发展干系极大。 深化和扩大 尼斯条约签署以后,欧盟进入所谓的“尼斯后时代”,东扩和深化更加紧迫地成为其同时要解决的问题。一体化建设在赢来重大机遇的同时,也面临严峻挑战。 就深化而言,欧盟主要面临两大问题,一是决策机制问题,二是民主合法性问题。前一个问题需要通过机构改革来解决,后一个问题需要通过共同法制建设来解决。众所周知,欧盟超国家机构建设虽有很大进展,但政府间主     

文化认同建构在欧盟一体化进程中的作用及其对东盟的启示

从成立于20世纪50年代的欧洲煤钢共同体发展到今天,欧盟一体化程度走在世界各区域一体化的前列,其推进的深度和广度令世人瞩目。文化认同建构在欧盟一体化进程中发挥着重要作用。他山之石可以攻玉,欧盟文化一体化进程对正在建设中的东盟有着重要的借鉴和启示意义。     

Globalization,Integration, and the European Welfare State

This paper considers three challenges to the mature European welfare states posed by economic and social integration, demographic changes, and the alleged decline of state capacity in the form of fiscal extraction in an era of globalization. I argue that the experiences of the older member states in the European Union are difficult to reconcile with the common assertions that globalization necessarily leads to a “race to the bottom” where welfare spending is downsized to the lowest common denominator. I develop a set of hypotheses on plausible linkages between demographic challenges, globalization, political capacity, and welfare spending, and test the propositions in an empirical analysis of 14 European Union member states from 1983 to 1998. My empirical results suggest that economic integration does not pose a threat to European welfare states. Rather, demographic changes such as low fertility rates and the aging of the population and their political implications for political leaders’ incentives are more serious challenges for the continuation of the welfare state in Europe.     

The Birth of a Republic,But Not of a Nation: The Case of State-Building in Cyprus

The principle of bicommunality has been advanced as a founding feature of state-building in Cyprus. The aim of this article is to provide a systematic account of the different variations of the bicommunal principle enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus and in the Annan Plan as the most comprehensive proposal for the reunification of the island. In order to achieve its scope, the article focuses on the provisions concerning state institutions and citizenship. It argues that, in all those constitutional structures, state-building is not linked with nation-building. In fact, the acceptance of bicommunalism as a fundamental principle of the united Cyprus proves that the main concern has been the accommodation of the political tensions resulting from a divided society.     

非洲地区一体化进程中的法律一体化

在当前全球经济存在不确定性因素的情况下,非洲各国进一步认识到必须加强非洲地区贸易与投资的发展。为此,非洲许多次区域经济共同体都提出了加强合作、建设更高层次一体化的目标。但是,如果非洲各经济共同体不关注本区域内法律的一体化,地区经济一体化的发展就会因各成员国之间法律的多样化而受到影响。非洲在法律一体化方面取得了一定的成就,但仍然面临许多的困难和问题。为了保障地区一体化的健康发展,非洲各经济共同体必须大力推进成员国间法律的一体化,特别是贸易、投资方面的实体法以及有关管辖权、法律适用、判决承认与执行等程序性事项的国际私法的统一化与协调化。     

欧洲一体化性质及特点

战后发端的欧洲一体化进程具有其自身的发展特点和规律性:经济一体化的先导作用,一体化政策的弹性适用,政府间主义与超国家主义的动态平衡,一体化利益均摊原则,精英驱动的一体化进程,主权的集合与共享。这些特点和性质实际上表明了战后西欧发达资本主义国家为走出高度发达和疆域相对狭小的困境以及抗衡外部政治经济竞争压力而寻求区域一体化的创新。可以     

The influence of EU officials in European Security and Defence

Abstract

European Union (EU) foreign policy has long been considered the domaine réservé of the member states. This article challenges such conventional state-centered wisdom by analyzing the influence of the Brussels-based EU officials in the Common Security and Defence Policy. Using four case studies and data from 105 semi-structured interviews, it shows that EU officials are most influential in the agenda-setting phase and more influential in civilian than in military operations. Their prominence in agenda-setting can be explained by their central position in the policy process. This allows them to get early involved in the operations. The absence of strong control mechanisms and doctrine in civilian crisis management gives them opportunities to affect civilian missions. Finally, EU officials direct civilian operations from Brussels, whereas the command of military operations is with the member states and NATO.     

The European Parliament as an actor in EU border policies: its role,relations with other EU institutions,and impact

This contribution focuses on the European Parliament (EP) as an actor in European Union (EU) border policies. It situates the Parliament in the dynamics of the Schengen project and discusses the distinct role it plays therein, as well as its impact thereon. The article argues that the EP managed to establish itself, years before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, as a credible actor in border policies able to bring the citizens’ perspective into EU border policies. With its keen interest in the Schengen area as an area in which citizens can move freely without being subject to border controls, and with its focus on fundamental rights, it played, and continues to do so, a role in ensuring that “Schengen works”. The article presents its powers and the interplay with the other EU institutions, mainly on the basis of a number of key examples.     

The European Endowment for Democracy and Democracy Promotion in the EU Neighbourhood

The European Endowment for Democracy (EED) is a recently established instrument of democracy promotion intended to complement existing EU tools. Fashioned after the US National Endowment for Democracy, the EED’s privileged area of action is the European neighbourhood. Meant as a small rapid-response, actor-oriented ‘niche’ initiative, its main task is to select those actors, from both civil and political society able to produce a change in their country. The EED represents a step forward in the EU’s capacity to foster democracy, but does not necessarily go in the direction of more rationality and effectiveness. Not all EU member states support the EED with the same enthusiasm and it is still not clear how it fits into the EU’s overall democracy promotion architecture. Its actions may be successful in a very constrained timeframe. However, recent crises at the EU’s borders would seem to call for a strategy that takes into consideration systemic hindrances, post-regime change complexities, regional dynamics and finally rival plans of autocracy promotion.     

欧债危机与当前欧洲一体化面临的困境

欧债危机暴露了欧盟经济治理体系的内在缺陷,使得欧洲一体化建设面临严峻的挑战。伴随欧债危机的社会经济动荡和欧盟内部纷争将是近期欧洲政治生态的主色调。同时,欧债危机也促使欧盟内部、特别是欧元区必须加快财政经济政策一体化的步伐。完善和强化经济治理体系,意味着欧盟需要进行必要的条约修改,展现更强有力的政治意志,并需要推动政治联盟建设的配套措施。因此,欧债危机也可能成为深化欧洲一体化建设的催化剂和契机。     

Unintended Consequences of EU Democracy Support in the European Neighbourhood

ABSTRACT

The European Union’s (EU) impact on the political governance of the European neighbourhood is varied and sometimes opposite to the declared objectives of its democracy support policies. The democracy promotion literature has to a large extent neglected the unintended consequences of EU democracy support in Eastern Europe and the Middle East and North Africa. The EU has left multiple imprints on the political trajectories of the countries in the neighbourhood and yet the dominant explanation, highlighting the EU’s security and economic interests in the two regions,cannot fully account for the unintended consequences of its policies. The literature on the ‘pathologies’ of international organisations offers an explanation, emphasizing the failures of the EU bureaucracy to anticipate, prevent or reverse the undesired effects of its democracy support in the neighbourhood.     

Understanding EU crisis diplomacy in the European neighbourhood: strategic narratives and perceptions of the EU in Ukraine,Israel and Palestine

ABSTRACT

This Special Issue seeks to better understand the role of communication and perception in EU crisis diplomacy. In a recent Special Issue in this journal, Catarina Kinnvall, Ian Manners and Jennifer Mitzen argue that, “?…?the greatest security challenge facing people across Europe is not physical, despite the threats of Putin and ISIS, but is a sense of fear and anxiety over their daily lives” [2018. Introduction to 2018 Special Issue of European Security: “Ontological (in)security in the European Union”. European security, 27 (3), 249–265]. We take an interdisciplinary approach to widen the scope of studies on European security and offer new avenues for further research into how citizens in the EU’s neighbourhood understand the security challenges they face and the role the EU plays in addressing these. Through this, we aim to bring theoretical and methodological innovation to understanding the role of the EU as an external actor.     

爱尔兰否决《里斯本条约》与欧洲一体化前景

2007年12月,欧盟成员国签署《里斯本条约》,以取代2005年被法国、荷兰否决的《欧盟宪法条约》。但2008年6月12日,爱尔兰举行的全民公投却率先否决了这一条约,欧洲一体化前景再次成为讨论焦点。     

欧洲经济一体化对亚太区域合作的意义

密切国家与区域间的相互依存有利于世界政治与经济的稳定。本文试图从欧洲经济一体化的进程中总结出对亚太地区合作最具意义的四点启示 ,即转变思维 ;寻求利益上的均衡 ;宏观经济政策整合 ;制订共同法律框架。     

土耳其加入欧盟进程中的库尔德问题

在土耳其申请加入欧盟的过程中,国内库尔德问题是导致其入盟受阻的重要原因之一。由于土耳其对民族问题的偏激观念,加之土耳其法律对库尔德人争取民族权利的限制,土耳其国内库尔德问题始终难以得到解决。目前,库尔德问题不仅使土耳其无法达到欧盟的"哥本哈根规则"要求,而且还加深了土耳其和欧盟双方民众之间的隔阂,使得土耳其入盟的前景变得更加难以预测。