研究型大学图书馆工作创新的思考

研究型大学的发展动力是创新,图书馆为适应研究型大学的建设目标也必须走创新之路,只有创新,图书馆才能生存和发展。本文从观念创新、管理创新、信息资源创新、技术创新、服务创新、队伍建设创新等几个方面,提出新的思考。     

我国应制定《图书馆法》

<正> 作为文献信息交流的社会实体,图书馆在文化教育、科学研究和经济建设领域发挥着巨大功能。图书馆是古今中外文化遗产和科学文献的集萃之地,是人类智慧和知识的宝库;图书馆也是科学研究工作的据点和基地,是一所“社会大学”。对于教学、科研人员来说,国书馆是知识之源,良师益友。图书馆工作人员通过图书情报资料的搜集、加工和传递,为学科内部和各学科之间信息交流、知识转移创造     

大学图书馆知识服务——基于新一代信息技术与图书馆系统

从大学图书馆知识服务的特点出发,依据知识服务的过程,提出大学图书馆在知识挖掘与获取、提供个性化知识服务、加强知识分享功能、拓展移动知识服务方面依赖于新一代信息技术与图书馆系统。知识服务可以满足用户多维知识需求,是提升大学图书馆服务竞争力的重要手段,用户知识服务的需求也促进了图书馆系统的更新与发展。     

高校图书馆参考咨询服务的创新与深化研究

本文通过对高校图书馆参考咨询服务现状的分析,认为目前高校图书馆普遍存在资源利用不足的情况。为改变这一情况,参考咨询服务的内容与方式都需要进行创新与深化,具体措施可以从加强信息素养教育,建设特色数据库,开展知识服务以及采用基IC模式或IC2模式的参考咨询服务方式来考虑。     

《2010 Wells专题座谈会》在怀柔召开

2010年6月4至5日在北京怀柔区市人大会议中心由伟文公司承办的《2010年Wells专题座谈会》召开,本次座谈会的主题是：法律文献及信息资源整合与共享。会议得到了国家图书馆、全国政法院校图书馆协会、北京市法律图书馆与法律信息研究会等相关机构的大力支持。来自国家图书馆、全国部分大学综合图书馆和法律图书馆的信息资源外采专家与领导30余人出席了两天的会议。     

网络环境下大学图书馆模式的重新定位

论述大学图书馆在网络环境下其功能，馆藏信息资源等方面的改变引起大学图书馆从传统的服务模式向现代服务模式的改变，实现全方位、多层次的高效、便捷、准确，全面的文献信息服务。     

高等教育与大学图书馆

本文论述了知识经济时代我国高等教育发展趋势，分析了大学图书馆在教育活动中的作用，认为大学图书馆是知识创新的重要支柱，并将成为教育中心，大学图书馆的教育职能应从知识的传递，提升到学生学习能力的培养和人文素质的提高上来，并指出图书馆在拓展教育职能过程中存在的障碍。     

政府出版物和政府信息传播与利用研讨会纪要

2006年6月22日由国家图书馆信息咨询中心和美国华盛顿大学法学院共同筹办的《政府出版物与政府信息传播与利用》研讨会在北京国家图书馆报告厅隆重召开。来自国务院政府有关部门、国家档案局系统、政府公报编辑部和部分科研机构、大学法学院图书馆、国家机关图书馆等30多个单位     

提高图书馆管理与服务层次的研究

为了适应知识服务的信息需求,本文论述了知识仓库是图书馆文献信息资源开发利用模式的发展方向,建设知识仓库将为图书馆进行高效的知识服务提供保证。     

公安院校图书馆学科联系人制度创新服务实践探索

高校图书馆学科服务主要包括学科资源建设、读者教育、咨询检索服务、文献信息资源的开发利用与研究、学科联络以及参与科研活动等等。然而,学科联系人的职责因校情、馆情的不同而带有各自的特殊性,公安院校图书馆可以实施学科联系人制度的创新服务实践探索,突出公安专业的特点,服务内容、模式、实践效果及探索可持续发展等问题。     

The Effects of University Patenting and Licensing on Downstream R&D Investment and Social Welfare

A central argument behind the Bayh-Dole Act presumed that firms had no incentives to invest in downstream R&D aimed at developing university inventions committed to the public domain. The empirical evidence on university patenting and licensing is partly at odds with the premises of this argument. Non-exclusive licensing of university patents has been common and lucrative, and in the area of biomedical technologies university patents and licensing restrictions may be a hindrance to downstream R&D, rather than a stimulus. The paper presents a model of R&D competition based on a university invention where appropriability conditions are defined by the patentability of downstream innovations and imitation opportunities. A comparison of equilibria under “open access” to university inventions and under “university patenting” shows that only under restrictive conditions the latter regime results in increased R&D investment and social welfare. In general, university licensing royalties are therefore a poor gauge of social welfare gains from university patenting. This is an extensive revision of the paper “University Patents, R&D Competition, and Social Welfare” presented at the conference on University Spin-Offs at the Université du Québec à Montréal on February 27th, 2004. I would like to thank the conference participants and a referee from the journal for useful comments and suggestions.     

National Security and the Press: The Government's Ability to Prosecute Journalists for the Possession or Publication of National Security Information

In 2006, then Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales raised the possibility that journalists could be prosecuted for publishing national security information. In addition, the federal government's prosecution of two former lobbyists for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) for possessing and disseminating national security information has been called an attempt by the government to prosecute individuals who behave like journalists. This article identifies existing laws under which the press could be criminally prosecuted for the possession and/or publication of national security information and describes how the courts have addressed those laws. The article concludes that while there is support for Constitutional protection for journalists in these cases, the Supreme Court of the United States is unlikely to interpret the First Amendment as protecting journalists from prosecution for possessing and/or publishing national security information. Therefore, the article contends that Congress should amend the statutes outlined herein to limit prosecution to instances when there is evidence of intent to harm the United States.     

Revision to requirements for licensed Anti-Human Globulin and Blood Grouping Reagents. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Direct final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the biologics regulations applicable to microbiological controls for licensed Anti-Human Globulin (AHG) and Blood Grouping Reagents (BGR). FDA is amending the regulations to remove the requirements that the products be sterile. FDA is publishing this direct final rule because the requirement that these products be sterile is not necessary for the products to be safe, pure, and potent. FDA is issuing these amendments directly as a final rule because they are noncontroversial and there is little likelihood that FDA will receive any significant comments opposing the rule. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a proposed rule under FDA's usual procedures for notice and comment in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments. If FDA receives any significant adverse comment that warrants terminating the direct final rule, FDA will consider such comments on the proposed rule in developing the final rule.     

孤儿作品法理问题研究——中国视野下的西方经验

随着数字技术和网络技术的发展,传统作品的阅读、发表、传播方式产生巨大变革.与此同时,尚未进入公有领域,而作者信息无法取得的作品大量存在.上述问题引起国际图书馆协会和机构联合会、国际语音协会等NGO的关注,同时欧美国家也针对上述问题进行立法尝试.鉴于我国数字图书馆、文献电子化的蓬勃发展,有必要审视我国著作权法问题,借鉴西方经验,完善著作权法,解决孤儿作品的可及性问题,实现文化繁荣.     

Implementation of Pro-Children Act of 1994--HHS. Notice to prohibit smoking in certain facilities

The Department of Health and Human Services announces the implementation of the Pro-Children Act of 1994, which prohibits smoking in certain facilities in which education, library, day care, health care and early childhood development (including WIC and Head Start) services are provided to children. In accordance with section 1043(d) of the Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services is publishing the prohibitions which restrict smoking in certain indoor facilities.     

The next steps in academic integrity — education,awareness, norms,duty and law

We conducted and analyzed several internet surveys in order to understand the profile of global research integrity and ethical awareness, encompassing global population distribution. These were (1) the global distribution of Committee of Publishing Ethics (COPE) membership; (2) the global distribution of “Integrity” or “Ethics” journals; (3) the level of academic integrity awareness in European higher education institutions and (4) awareness of academic integrity in the top universities of Asia and Africa. The results of this survey series highlight seriously imbalanced awareness of research integrity and publishing ethics across the world, especially in developing areas with the highest population density. We therefore propose a new index, the “Academic Integrity Awareness Index” for future discussions across the linked spheres of publishing and research.     

Revisions to the requirements applicable to blood, blood components and source plasma. Direct final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the biologics regulations by removing, revising, or updating specific regulations applicable to blood, blood components and Source Plasma to be more consistent with current practices in the blood industry and to remove unnecessary or outdated requirements. We are taking this action as part of our continuing effort to reduce the burden of unnecessary regulations on industry and to revise outdated regulations without diminishing public health protection. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, we are publishing a companion proposed rule under our usual procedures for notice and comment in the event that we receive any significant adverse comments on the direct final rule. If we receive any significant adverse comments that warrant terminating the direct final rule, we will consider such comments on the proposed rule in developing the final rule.     

Effects of jurors' identification with the victim depend on likelihood of victimization

Courtroom lore suggests that jurors identifying with rape victims will show antidefendant biases, but empirical findings do not unequivocally support this supposition. On theoretical bases, it was predicted that identification with the victim's gender would bias judgment against the defendant when the circumstances of the crime are likely to be encountered in the daily life of the juror or a related potential victim. Parents of female-only (PFs) or of male-only children (PMs) judged defendants in an alleged rape, occurring either in a library, where the victim had engaged in normal routine, or in a street, under unusual and risky conditions. PEs were more conviction-prone and punitive than PMs only for the library case. Findings support theories of defensive attribution (Shaver, 1970) and of attribution of actors and observers (Jones & Nisbett, 1972) but are inconsistent with a variant of defensive attribution (Walster, 1966) based on denial of chance occurrence of threatened harm. The systematic exclusion of jurors with certain characteristics from particular cases based on suppositional criteria is questioned, rigor of juror assessment notwithstanding. It is suggested that research concentrate on discovering the conditions under which biases are, or are not manifested, and on developing means of reducing bias effects in impaneled jurors.