作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识初探

作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识,由两大类别或层面构成:社会心理层面的“人类命运共同体”意识和社会意识形式层面的“人类命运共同体”意识。前者是作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识的文化心理基础,是直接连接这一复杂意识体与现实世界的桥梁,并为社会意识形式层面的“人类命运共同体”意识输送“素材”和“原始动力”,以及决定其起积极作用的程度和其传播的速度和深度,影响其走向。后者是作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识的“升华”部分,直接标示着这一复杂意识体的水准;它具有以理论化、系统化、定型化的形式自觉引导现实世界,在越来越大的程度上实现“人类以相互包容为基础的共生共存共赢共享共担当共发展的可持续性趋势”的功能,并推动社会心理层面的“人类命运共同体”意识的发展,使其发挥持续和稳定的作用,规定其发展方向。这两者间的区别和联系,显示了作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识,其内部的差异和矛盾,以及其存在与发展的规律和特点。从逻辑上看,如果不能全面、正确地认识和把握作为复杂意识体的“人类命运共同体”意识这两大层面间的区别和联系,那么不仅会使对“人类命运共同体”意识的研究走入歧途,而且也会损害“共同构建人类命运共同体”的伟大事业。     

A Reconceptualisation of the Antecedents of Party Activism: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Leading researchers are questioning the continued use of competitive model testing to explain participation within British political parties. This paper argues that difficulties with this approach have not arisen out of the use of model testing per se , but because of the shortcomings of the models currently in use. A multidisciplinary approach towards accounting for participation exposes some of the theoretical and analytical shortcomings in previous research into political party members, and identifies relevant factors underlying participation that merit investigation in greater detail. In particular, analytical frameworks derived from the disciplines of marketing, nonprofit management and organisational behaviour provide appropriate and robust instruments for measuring factors underlying participation that are generally ignored in the political science literature. Alternative models comprising appropriately theorized variables drawn from a number of disciplines are presented, and the implications of a multidisciplinary approach towards explaining party activism are discussed.     

A poverty of distinction

Homogenizing the poor, treating them as a shapeless blob, is not only dehumanizing but also makes them candidates for a single set of public policies. We propose to show, instead, using cultural theory, that there are different types of poor people, who follow different strategies in coping with or overcoming their condition.     

A Definition of Democracy

In a recent paper John D. May has nominated Responsive Rule for a definition of democracy. Responsive Rule prescribes necessary correspondence between governmental acts and the wishes with respect to those acts of the persons who are affected. In this paper the definition is criticized for being unclear on a vital conceptual issue and for not fully expressing the essence of democracy. On the one hand it is maintained that democracy's subject population remains undefined as the meaning of the word affected' is unclear, and three distinctions are brought forward to illustrate the problem of separating affected persons from persons not affected. On the other hand May's identification of democracy with equality in the weight of wishes is called in question, and it is maintained that wishes should meet a qualifying criterion. Three procedures for identifying qualified wishes are discussed, and it is suggested that information must be included in a conception of democracy in order to separate rational wishes from irrational wishes.     

论“和”

":和"是中华文明的根,是延续中华文明的一根线,它内在的强大生命力使它在新时代又重焕发光彩。2006年中共中央提出构建和谐社会,由此带来了"和"文化研究的高潮。那么,"和"的起源是什么?什么是"和"?"和"在中华传统文化中居于什么位置?如何评价"和"?"和"有什么用?诸如"和谐"之类与"和"有关的词还有哪些?对以上问题进行了深入挖掘和思考。