War of Race? War of Culture? War of Canon?——With Reference to the Debate Between Rita Dove and Helen Vendler

November 2011 witnessed the rise of an unprecedented debate at the American poetry forum. The parties involved are the U.S. former poet laureate, African American woman poet, Rita Dove, and the most distinguished contemporary American critic Helen Vendler. The cause of the debate is the publication of The Penguin Anthology of Twentieth-Century American Poetry edited by Rita Dove. For a while, newspapers, magazines and the internet have been heated by the fires between Dove and Vendler, as well as their followers. However, underlying this sound and fury, three frequently appeared key words remind us that this debate is a unique multi-dimensional American cultural war. It is the exteriorization of the interweaving and conflicting of racism, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism which coexist in the deep vein of American social culture and ideology.     

How Does The Charity Law Respond to Commercial Activities of Charity Organizations?

As commercial activities of charity organizations become increasingly popular, the behavior boundary of charities has changed, and accordingly a blank in supervision occurs. However, The Charity Law in China has not given any response to this phenomenon. In combination with the present situation of the domestic charities and experience of foreign legislation, this paper summarizes the different types of charity activities through typology analysis and proposes the key points to design the rules, then gives suggestions accordingly.     

A sizeable effect? Municipal council size and the cost of local government in Canada

This article examines the relationship between council size and municipal expenditures in Quebec's largest municipalities. Two claims commonly found in the literature are tested: the professionalization and the law of 1/n hypotheses. Using cross‐sectional data, the professionalization hypothesis is confirmed: each elected official costs more in a smaller council. As for the law of 1/n, the effect of council size on total government expenditures is not significant. These results refute the cost saving argument for smaller councils and suggest that other aspects, such as quality of democratic life and efficiency in decision‐making, may be more relevant to the debate.     

Use of systematic literature reviews in Canadian government departments: Where do we need to go?

The article reports on ongoing reflections on how to improve the structures and processes by which relevant research findings produced outside Canadian government departments (for example, in universities, think tanks or other research institutions) can be more effectively found, assessed for potential biases, synthesized and disseminated to provide support to government analysts, advisers and decision makers. The focus is on how to structure and routinize research use by government analysts and advisers within a large Canadian department that has a strategic research directorate and many program divisions. Our starting point is the current situation where literature reviews that are produced and used by government analysts and advisers do not correspond to the systematic review standards. We discuss four alternative models. In two models, the whole production process would be controlled from within the department. In the other two models, external actors such as university‐based teams or independent non‐governmental evidence centres would carry the leadership in producing those reviews.     

Who speaks for whom? Implementing the Crown's duty to consult in the case of divided Aboriginal political structures

The Supreme Court of Canada has determined that the Crown has a duty to consult Aboriginal peoples on government decisions that may adversely affect their rights, but the Court did not define who the Crown should consult on behalf of Aboriginal people when two or more groups claim the right to speak for them. For government officials attempting to fulfil the Crown's duty, this can create challenges. This article reviews the jurisprudence and scholarly commentary to provide some guidance to government officials on how to effectively implement the Crown's duty to consult as a practical matter of public administration.     

A new model for making Aboriginal policy? Evaluating the Kelowna Accord and the promise of multilevel governance in Canada

Government policy‐making affecting Indigenous communities in Canada has often been met with stiff resistance from Indigenous leadership. We examine multilevel governance as an alternate model for Aboriginal policy‐making by examining a particular case study: the process leading up to the 2005 Kelowna Accord. We find that although multilevel governance may have the potential to produce highly desirable outcomes, its emergence seems to depend heavily on political agency. Meaningful and enduring change to Aboriginal policy‐making will therefore likely require significant institutional adjustments to the Canadian federation.     

The Chronicle of Madness or an Encyclopedia of Russian Life in the Late XIX Century?—— On Ward No.6 by A. P. Chekhov

Taken Ward No.6 as an example, this paper outlines the possible perspectives of Chekhov's works, the reason of the diversity of interpretation of Chekhov's texts, and a number of the most unique domestic and international literature review on Ward No.6. Based on previous studies of other scholars, this paper analyzes the triple narrative structure of A. P. Chekhov's Ward No.6 from the perspective of medicine, psychology and psychopathology in combination with Chekhov's own creative interest, and explores the narrative structure's effect on the display of the protagonist's morbid psychology development.