Marx after Kornai

Janos Kornai chose to become an economist after reading Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. Kornai’s relation with Marx is not merely political, but also professional. Kornai “broke with Marxism” in 1956, but his relationship with Marx’s thoughts were not severed then. Kornai’s post-1956 works can be examined in the light of Marx’s ideas, dealing particularly with equity, freedom and the relation between theory and practice. Some of Marx’s own theses can be enriched interestingly by taking note of Kornai’s later writings.

     

Beyond Marx and Proudhon

A close examination of the Marx vs Proudhon debate shows the need to assimilate the bitter experiences of the socialist (statist and libertarian) movement in the last 150 years or so, in order to develop a new kind of problematique suitable for today's reality of the internationalised market economy. A problematique, which will be the basis for a new project aiming to provide not just another utopia (justified by pseudo-scientific or 'objective' laws of social evolution) but also a way out of the chronic multidimensional crisis to which the dynamic of the market economy and representative democracy has led us.     

浅析马克思主义无产阶级学说的若干问题

马克思和恩格斯一生致力于无产阶级的革命斗争,对资本主义进行了深刻的揭露与分析,并坚信社会主义必将代替资本主义,无产阶级必将战胜资产阶级取得社会主义革命的胜利,勾画了令人憧憬的共产主义图景。在马克思主义理论成为了举世瞩目的科学理论的同时,马克思主义也不乏反对者和攻击者,本文列举了其中的四个问题并且阐述了个人对马克思主义无产阶级学说的理解。     

Charles Taylor, Marx and Marxism

Charles Taylor's engagement with Marx and the Marxist tradition has been relatively neglected in the literature on his work. This is a strange omission, because he was not only a pivotal figure in the development of the New Left, but also wrote many pieces which critically engaged with the main principles of Marx and Marxism. This paper re-examines Taylor's engagement with Marxism and thereby exposes a neglected element in his political philosophy. The following themes emerge: the self; Taylor's conception of the affirmation of ordinary life; democracy; ecology; and religion. In one area at least, the affirmation of ordinary life, a crucial element of Marxism is retained and positively endorsed by Taylor. In relation to the other themes, while he raises important issues for Marxist theory, he is, at times, far too quick to dismiss Marx's arguments and also misses similarities between those arguments and his own work.     

对马克思关于人的三重本性思想的探讨

在马克思那里,人在实践中将自身展现为三重本性的存在,即"人直接地是自然存在物"、"个人是社会存在物"、人是"自由的有意识的生命活动"的存在物。他从人的本性需要以及求得满足的方式两方面,把个人看作是一个生命成长的过程、把社会看作是一个随着人的需要和生产方式不断发展而由低级阶段向高级阶段无限趋升的过程,这样,就由人的本性伸达到对人的实践本质的深层觉解。人之谜、历史之谜在更深层本质上得到了澄明。     

马克思劳动哲学思想的多维审视

马克思始终从本体论高度理解劳动与自由的关系,认为真正的非异化劳动可以实现人的有限自由,其内在的根据在于劳动内在的目的性。首先,他将自然的因果性转变为被设定的自由因果性;其次,他通过对劳动与财产(所有)权关系的历史和现实的批判分析,表明商品生产的所有权规律已经转变为资本主义占有规律;最后,他认为通过劳动交换实现互利性正义的设想只是一种法权意义上的权利要求,它既没有质疑市民社会的生产前提,也没有认真对待个人的尊严。在改变生产资料所有制的基础上,人们通过劳动不仅要真正实现互利性正义,还要实现对每个个体的尊重。     

马克思是怎样了断与鲍威尔的思想关系的——对《德意志意识形态》三个片段的解读和分析

经过《论犹太人问题》和《神圣家族》的铺垫,马克思在《德意志意识形态》中彻底了断了与布鲁诺.鲍威尔思想关系。本文通过对这一著述中的三个片段的解读,甄别了马克思、恩格斯论述问题的逻辑和方式,把握了其进行思想论战的特征和思路,指明他与鲍威尔思想之间的纠葛源于两者观照、理解和把握世界方式的巨大差别:是从观念、精神和自我出发还是根源于现实、感性和实践?     

Schumpeter's critique of Marx: A reappraisal

Abstract. The paper provides an account of Marx's position of Schumpeter's three categories: capitalism, socialism and democracy. Marx's conception of capitalism is established as more wide-ranging than sometimes thought, covering any form of society where commodities predominate, and implying a polarized class structure independent of considerations of manual or lowly labour. It is not therefore essentially a political conception, nor does its application turn on the question of private ownership. Socialism, for Marx, involves the abolition of commodities and therefore of money and the wages system. Accordingly, his conception of socialism is not one of state ownership or nationalization, as Schumpeter claims. His commitment to democracy arises from the nature of socialist society and sets him apart from vanguardist political theory. It is therefore more deeply-rooted than Schumpeter suggests.     

浅析马克思异化劳动理论

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》虽然在马克思逝世后近半个世纪才面世,但其在马克思思想的发展历程中却有着特殊的地位。马克思的异化理论起步于主体能动性,通过对国民经济的批判得出人的类本质异化和复归的批判逻辑。旨在通过阐述马克思的异化理论的内在逻辑来突出人的主体性地位,为当代社会主义市场经济发展予以借鉴。     

青年马克思的法哲学观

青年马克思的法哲学观在马克思主义法哲学形成过程中有着十分重要的地住。本文从“个人与自由”、“自由与法律”、“国家与个人”三个方面对青年马克思以人类理性、自由为核心的法哲学观进行了介绍。     

重释马克思恩格斯的唯物史观思想——以《德意志意识形态》费尔巴哈章为视角

《德意志意识形态》费尔巴哈章包含有马克思恩格斯对唯物史观的正面的比较完整的表述,认识和把握这种表述对于深入准确地理解唯物史观意义重大.经过对该章文本结构的分析,我们可以确定这样的表述之所在,而经过对这种表述的分析可以发现,马克思恩格斯在费尔巴哈章表述的唯物史观与我们通常对唯物史观的理解基本一致但又有所不同,这是一种最终用物质生产活动解释历史的理论.强调物质生产活动在社会历史中以及在唯物史观中的重要意义是马克思恩格斯的基本思想.这一结论为唯物史观研究带来了一系列值得进一步思考讨论的问题.     

A Marx for the twenty-first century?

Among his many books are The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification; Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science; Three Sociological Traditions; Sociology Since Mid-Century: Essays in Theory Cumulation;and Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science.     

解读马克思人的解放理论

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《德意志意识形态》中蕴涵了很多马克思关于人的解放的思想。着重从人的解放理论出发,结合著作中具体的理论观点加以分析,并结合自己的理解进行解读。从分析工人的现状、异化劳动、分工等学说提出人的解放的重要性,然后通过研究工人的现状从中发现造成工人悲惨状况的原因。最后提出一些实现人的解放的途径,这也是最重要的一点,理论与实践相结合,找出解决的方法与途径。     

共产党人应坚定马克思主义信仰

我国社会信仰迷失已经是不争的事实。如何呵护我们的精神家园?我们只有了解信仰、敬畏信仰,才能坚守信仰。中国共产党长期执政面临着各种风险和考验,共产党人只有以敬畏之心,努力学习、宣传、坚守马克思主义,不断增强马克思主义信仰的吸引力,才能永立时代的潮头,永葆先进、纯洁和优秀;才能不断推进中国特色社会主义事业建设,把我国建设得更加富强、民主、文明与和谐。     

中国马克思学:哲学抑或科学

创建中国马克思学是推进当代中国马克思主义哲学研究的主要路径,体现着当代中国马克思主义哲学研究向学术化方向发展的一种趋势。在学科定位上,中国马克思学应当是一门实验科学,具有可证伪性。中国马克思学研究者应以科学理性的态度对待国际马克思文献学的研究成果。