九一一事件后美国对拉丁美洲的政策与拉美的反美主义

本文对九一一以来美国对拉丁美洲的政策及拉美地区出现的反美主义情绪进行了探讨。文章认为,单边主义是美国长期以来对拉美政策的突出特点。九一一后,由于反恐而进行政策调整的需要,布什政府对拉美的单边主义倾向更加明显,不仅表现在国际事务上以美国的意愿行事,而且在外交上有意忽视拉美国家。这种单边政策是激起拉美国家和人民反美主义的最重要根源之一。拉美国家的公众反美情绪不仅表明了其对美国的态度,而且激励了本地区的领导人挑战美国,甚至导致一些国家发生了政治转向。文章还以古巴为特例,分析了美国对西半球这个唯一的社会主义国家的政策,认为布什政府在很大程度上保持了美国对古巴政策的连续性,其主调仍然是强硬的,但另一方面,由于反恐的需要和国内利益集团的促动,美古关系也出现了松动的迹象。     

Compromising coalitions and duplicitous diplomacy: US support for Tajikistan after 9/11 and its security implications

This article investigates the development of democracy in Tajikistan and analyzes what has earned it the most international acclaim: its secular-Islamic governing coalition. The investigation reveals a compromised and illegitimate coalition that, with American collusion in local regime repression, poses great dangers to international security. The article argues that government repression, leading to increasing radicalization, combines with foreign aid to damage long-term democracy potential in Tajikistan but also works against global security interests by creating doubt about American intentions and possibly allowing a concomitant rise in Islamic radicalism.     

In the Aftermath of the Storm: US Foreign Policy in the Wake of 9/11 and its Implications for the Asia-Pacific region

In the following article, Kurt M. Campbell, senior vice-president and director of the International Security Program (ISP) at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Washington, DC., and Yuki Tatsumi, ISP research associate at CSIS, explore the changes that have taken place in US foreign policy since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and how such changes might be reflected on its policy toward the Asia-Pacific region. They point out that the US will shift its focus to security at home and war on terrorism abroad. In the short-term, US focus will deviate from Northeast Asia to Southeast, Central and South Asia, but as the region will continue to be strategically important, the US will remain engaged in the region. It is up to the countries in the Asia-Pacific to ensure that the US engagement in their region is not dominated by unilateralism and excessive preoccupation with the war against terrorism.     

From Victims to Suspects: Muslim Women Since 9/11

From Victims to Suspects: Muslim Women Since 9/11. By Shakira Hussein (Sydney: NewSouth, 2016), 192 pp. AU$24.99 (pb).     

美国单边主义笼罩下西方同盟体系的嬗变--九一一后日美同盟与德美同盟的比较研究

九一一后,在美国国内及其主要盟友的支持下,美国支配和塑造世界政治的能力骤然上升到近年来从未有的高度。但随着时间的推移及美国霸权主义甚嚣尘上,西方同盟体系已经和正在发生着重大变化,美国支配世界的能力也大不如前。本文选取美日、美德两个同盟为案例进行比较研究,以期探讨这一变化的深层原因。文章认为,不同的文化背景、历史经历、国际环境和国内政治因素,最终导致日、德两国对西方同盟体系采取不同的政策。随着世界政治经济的发展,西方同盟体系必将发生进一步分化,美国的霸权也决非没有界限。     

"九一一后的美国:变化与延续"研讨会综述

2007年10月20日至21日,由中国社科院美国研究所、北京外国语大学美国研究中心,以及美国中美教育基金会(USCET)联合举办的“九一一后的美国:变化与延续”国际研讨会在北京举行。来自中、美、英、德、澳大利亚、日本、新加坡、香港特别行政区等国家和地区的130多位中外专家学者参加了本次会议。美国中美教育基金会主席张之香大使、美国驻华使馆公使丹尼尔.皮克塔先生、美国驻华使馆公使衔文化参赞元敦奎先生及曾任中国驻印度等国大使的周刚先生也与会。与会者从政治、经济、外交和社会文化视角对九一一之后的美国进行探讨,议题涉及美国外交…     

从应对"9·11"看美国两党的执政方式

美国政党的执政方式是一个值得专门研究的问题.本文通过对美国政党制度特点的阐述,并在此基础上分析第107届国会与布什总统应对"9·11"恐怖袭击,建立国内安全体系的过程,借以从两大方面论证美国执政党的执政方式即同一执政党内部,执政权如何配置?分裂的政府中两党各行使哪些执政权?两个执政党如何处理相互关系?最后,本文探讨了美国政党的执政方式与民主和法治的关系.作者认为,宪法规定的民主制度需要有与之相适应的党内和党际的民主制度,才可能实现.同样,宪法规定的分权制衡制度需要有与之相适应的党内和党际分权制衡制度,才可能实在地支配立法机关与行政机关的关系.从本文所分析的应对"9·¨"的过程看,美国两党的执政方式体现了宪法所规定的民主、分权和制衡制度,这是它长期实行而不易改变的基本原因.反过来,长期以来美国宪法关于国家权力的规定能见诸实施,要归功于两党所奉行的民主、分权和制衡的执政方式.     

Us strategy in the middle east and the 2004 presidential election 9/11: towards a redefinition of america's role in the world

September 11th dramatically changed the geopolitical landscape for the United States. Though President Bush was elected as a domestic policy president, the war against radical Islam has become the central theme of his presidency. In this war, adhering to the analyses of the neoconservatives, the President believes that the region's tyrannies are a breeding ground for Islamic extremism. Overthrowing Saddam Hussein's tyranny and replacing it with a more democratic regime is the start of a long process of liberalization of the Arab world that will have reverberations for years to come. Though Senator John Kerry has based his 2004 presidential campaign on criticizing President Bush's Iraq policy, if Kerry were elected president, his Iraq policies would actually differ little from those of Bush.     

九一一后美国对外战略困境与重返政治现实

冷战结束、两极格局解体使美国的硬实力和软实力迅速提升,美国在世界范围内不断地推行霸权政策,其决策的逻辑基础是:美国是冷战对抗的最后赢家,应以胜利者姿态担当起领导世界的责任.九一一恐怖主义袭击事件发生后,美国霸权地位受到严峻挑战,体现新保守主义思想的"单边主义"、"先发制人"战略,逐渐成为影响布什政府对外决策的理论依据.阿富汗战争的胜利鼓舞了美国国内的民族主义情绪,也为布什连任美国总统奠定基础,但陷入伊拉克战争困境不仅暴露了美国决策机制的矛盾,影响美国与其他大国的关系,也使其国际形象严重受损.民主党主导国会后,有关伊拉克战争问题的辩论日趋激烈,迫使布什政府不得不对单边战略做适当调整,在处理与大国的关系、中东问题、东北亚等问题上逐渐回归政治现实,而加大对非洲国家的援助则是美国重塑国际形象的举措之一.     

Cyberwarfare in the Korean Peninsula: Asymmetries and Strategic Responses

In this paper, we argue that the two Koreas’ intentions and actions on the cyber front point toward the possibility that they have engaged in cyber warfare against each other. From South Korea’s standpoint, a key concern has been North Korea’s advanced cyber warfare capabilities and alleged involvement of its substantial workforce in the Internet’s dark side activities. These issues need to be looked at the backdrop of the North’s nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities. This paper draws principally upon theories and concepts from military strategy and warfare to examine the contexts, mechanisms, and processes associated with the cyber warfare in the Korean peninsula. We also compare the two Koreas in terms of various forms of asymmetries in cyber warfare and cyber attacks. Also highlighted in the paper are South Korea’s recent initiatives and actions to enhance cyber-offense and cyber-defense capabilities.     

COVID-19 and the Limitations of Official Responses to Gender-Based Violence in Latin America: Evidence from Ecuador

As the COVID-19 lockdowns were implemented, Latin American countries raced to announce plans to address gender-based violence in response to the increase in reports of intrafamily abuse. However, states' interventions had limited results. This article explores the Ecuadorian case. The Andean country's emergency strategy was based on reporting violence via the 911 emergency number, a plan that failed to consider that women quarantined with their aggressors would not have the opportunity to make the call. This article lays bare the extent of the gap between policy and practice in gender mainstreaming and the acute consequences of this during the pandemic.