Head injuries from short distance falls.

The problem of evaluating injury in childhood as to causation--accidental, inflicted or other--is compounded by conflicting literature. The child presenting with head injury following a short distance fall should be a source of alarm. Some of the key thoughts in the literature are evaluated with presentation of some additional observations, in an attempt to sort out some apparent conflicts.     

External injuries to the neck after free fall from great height

Falls from great height are suicidal in most cases. Any antecedent trauma that would indicate an involvement of a third party should, however, be excluded in each case. Herein lies the difficulty in such cases since injuries prior to the fall which could be of criminal nature may be masked by the impact injuries. Injuries on unexposed parts of the body should always raise the suspicion of an involvement of a third party. This applies especially for neck injuries. By a retrospective analysis of 132 cases of falls from great height, the authors conclude, however, that neck injuries may occur after free fall from great height on a flat surface without antecedent trauma.     

家兔死后体表锐器伤出血现象的研究

目的对家兔死后体表锐器损伤出血现象进行研究,以期能够贴近实际办案需要,找到一个更为实用的鉴别生前锐器伤和死后锐器伤的方法。方法家兔脱毛,制作锐器损伤模型,采用大体观察结合HE染色镜下组织病理学观察。结果死后锐器损伤出血量均较少,随着时间延长出血量减少,出血速度慢。死后30min的锐器损伤在形成过程与生前损伤有所区别,但在死后12h肉眼观察结果与生前损伤难以区别。死后1h以上的锐器损伤与生前损伤不同之处在于创缘不会被血染。结论位于尸体低下位置的死后30min内的锐器创与生前锐器创的区别是出血量相对较少。死后60min-90min的锐器伤出血量少,创缘皮肤不被血染,肌肉的出血较局限,与生前损伤相鉴别较容易。     

Fatal head injuries from firearms. An autopsy study of 270 cases

Autopsy findings in 270 fatal head injuries from firearms are reported, including 243 suicides and 27 homicides. The most frequent weapon used for both groups were shot guns which are easily available in Norway. For suicides the most favored sites were right tempoparietal, frontal, and mouth. Twenty-six percent of the victims from homicides had multiple wounds in their head. Suicide by firearms showed marked male predominance, whereas the sex ratio for homicide was rather equal between the two sexes.     

Scanning electronic microscopic observation of vascular corrosion casts of closed diffuse brain injuries in rats

The brain vascular corrosion casts of closed diffuse brain injuries were studied by SEM in rats. The contraction and spasm of perforating arteriole and sphincter-muscle of capillaries in brain stems were observed. The capillaries are about 2-5 microns in diameter, while the normal 10-15 microns. The mechanism of the contraction and its effects were discussed.     

对一起职业病鉴定否定原诊断结论案例的分析

通过对一起经职业病鉴定后否定原诊断结论案例的分析,探讨如何正确运用和进一步完善职业病诊断与鉴定方面的法律、法规和标准,保护劳动者生命健康权益。     

广泛软组织挫伤后血中胆红素和肌红蛋白的改变

目的 探索法医临床学评定广泛软组织挫伤程度量化指标。方法 采用改良的咖啡因法(J-G法)、放射免疫法分别检测广泛软组织挫伤后的人和大鼠血液中的胆红素(Bil)和肌红蛋白(Mb)浓度。结果 大鼠挫伤面积为6％、18％、30％,其血清胆红素浓度分别为4.86±0.4648、7.05±0.2915、8.52±0.1549μmol/1;肌红蛋白浓度分别为16.9140±0.9803、23.3435±1.3349、31.2490±1.8714ng/ml。二者经统计学分析P<0.001,均有显著性差异。结论测定血液中胆红素、肌红蛋白浓度有望成为法医临床学准确评估广泛软组织损伤程度的可靠量化指标。     

Biomechanical conditions of developing injuries sustained from falling from a height

Evaluation of the height from which human fell from his/her tissue and organ injuries is discussed. The authors of available publications paid the principal attention to estimation of the height from which the victim fell without consideration for the kinetic energy of the body, which depends not only on the height from which the victim fell, but on his/her body weight as well. Primary external and primary internal injuries are distinguished, which are determined by the area of contusion during landing; secondary contact injuries which form during inertial movement of the body after the first contusion, and injuries due to negative acceleration during contusion when landing (so-called signs of total body concussion) are also distinguished. The totality of all listed injuries helps estimate the total kinetic energy at the moment of contusion and determine the height of falling, with due consideration for anthropometric characteristics of the victim.     

Rare pattern of injuries after being run over by a railroad train

The article reports on findings after a suicide committed by being run over by the driving unit of an ICE train in a railway station. After recovering the body a fresh abrasion was found on the right upper abdomen with a minor laceration. Some hours later a circular abrasion mark and zones of contusion were discernible on the trunk. Whereas the integument was largely intact, the spine was severed and inner organs of the trunk were ruptured.     

Expert evaluation of certain immune system disturbances after mild traumatic brain injuries

The authors present results of evaluation of immune disorders in 47 patients presenting with brain concussion (BC) and in 28 subjects with mild cerebral contusion (MCC). It was shown that in patients of the former group all immune characteristics were totally restored within 3 weeks after the injury. In the latter group, the clinical picture of secondary immunodeficiency with impaired parameters of the immune status persisted for at least 28 days after the injury. It is concluded that the dynamics of immune system disturbances after a traumatic brain injury may be used as an objective criterion for the evaluation of not only the severity of the injury but also of the duration of the recovery period after mild traumatic brain injury.     

髂骨耳状面的人类学个体识别

本文综述了髂骨耳状面在人类学个体识别中的应用,髂骨耳状面对年龄、身高和性别的推断,具有简单、准确的特点,在人类学个体识别中具有重要意义。     

The identification of a US serviceman recovered from the Holy Loch, Scotland.

During February and March 2000, human remains were recovered from the Holy Loch, Scotland. Police enquiries identified 13 males that had gone missing, presumed drowned in the Holy Loch or the adjoining lochs, over the previous 35 years. Osteological examination of the remains established they were from a male, aged between 15 and 23 and 168-174 cm tall. This information eliminated ten of the known missing persons. DNA profiles, both STR and mitochondrial were generated from the remains and compared to the profiles generated from relatives of the missing men. A positive match between the unidentified individual and one of the maternal relatives identified the remains as belonging to a US serviceman who had gone missing 35 years ago. The successful identification led to the repatriation of the serviceman's remains.