Administering Entitlement: Governance,Public Health Care,and the Early American State

This article explores the federal marine hospitals of the early republic, the first public health care system in US history. Beginning in 1798, the federal government collected twenty cents per month from mariners' wages and used this revenue to subsidize medical care for sick and disabled merchant mariners. Previous studies have traced links between marine hospitals and modern public policy. By studying governance from the bottom up, this article takes a different approach. I argue that jurists, physicians, and officials' regulation of sailors' entitlement to public health care facilitated and reflected a transformation of national authority. Between 1798 and 1816, sailors' entitlement was a local matter, based on the traditional paternalist understandings of maritime laborers as social dependents. By 1836, though, the federal Treasury redefined entitlement around a newly calculus of productivity: only the productive were entitled to care at the marine hospitals. This story about governance, federal law, and political economy in the early United States suggests that the early American state was a more vibrant participant in the market and society than has been previously understood.     

浅谈公益诉讼的诉讼费用

新型的公益诉讼的出现使传统诉讼费用制度得到质疑,与传统诉讼形式为私利的目的不同,公益诉讼的目的是让所有的人能通过诉讼来维护国家、社会公共利益。所以为了促进人民维护公共利益的积极性,传统诉讼费用的一些制度如费用金额、预交等在公益诉讼中应进行改革或取消。     

论标准对公共政策的支撑作用

标准对于公共政策的技术支撑作用已得到许多国家的广泛认可。通过对标准与公共政策之间的关系进行分析，总结欧盟、美国、英国等国家在标准支持公共政策方面的做法和经验，结合对我国标准支持公共政策现状和问题的剖析，并在此基础上提出了我国建立标准支持公共政策的机制的建议。     

论社会本位的公证立法

一、概论随着2004年8月《中华人民共和国公证法》送审稿由国务院法制办修改后对外公布以来,有关公证法的若干重大问题如体制、性质、原则、范围、管辖、管理机制、公证员资格以及机构设置等在法学界、公证实务界、司法界以及社会公众中被传闻得沸沸扬扬,对于《公证法》送审稿的具体规定可谓是褒贬不一,当然涉及到对于公证制度的各种问题见仁见智地加以评判。这种情况导致公证制度在社会学意义上或者说从社会本位出发而生成的一系列深层次的基础问题被迫浮出水面,包括在社会公众心理中究竟什么是公证制度、什么是公证法、如何甄别公证法与实…