金融危机下非关税贸易壁垒对我国的影响及对策

非关税壁垒因其隐蔽的特点逐渐取代关税壁垒成为国际贸易的主要阻碍。在当前金融危机蔓延的背景下,世界各国必将进一步加强自己的非关税贸易壁垒。本文在分析了非关税贸易壁垒的现状及当前对我国影响的基础上,从法律的视角,提出了可行性的应对措施。     

论减税措施在应对金融危机中的作用

为应对世界金融危机冲击,扩大内需,我国政府采取了一系列的减税措施.这些措施在稳定企业生产,促进产业结构调整,刺激消费,稳定外需,扶持中小企业和促进就业,推进政府自身改革等方面具有重要作用;同时,可能带来财政赤字扩大,贫富差距拉大,通货紧缩与通货膨胀交替出现的后果.本文从宏观调控角度、经济基础和上层建筑角度以及综合效用方面来认识和评价减税政策.     

生物危机应对方略: 澳大利亚的经验

“生物危机(”biological emergency)具有如下特征:生物危机在整个生物系统内部很少发生,并且经常由某种生物引发;生物危机具有快速从最初感染区域扩散的可能性;公众经常对该生物媒介并不知悉,因此,处置工作人员总是无所适从;生物危机的扩散不仅可能具有地域性,而且可能具有时间上的连续性。一个严重的生物事件不仅会直接对环境产生影响,而且还会造成社会、社区、商业和国际关系领域的影响。这些影响可能超出真正的物理事件范畴;生物危机常常为“长期性”事件(与火灾和洪灾相比),并且经常需要长期不断的资源供给;生物危机中的危机管理人员需…     

行政法视野中的金融危机及其应对

行政法在应对金融危机中的作用,主要通过规范政府的行政行为体现出来.行政法能够及时通过立法确认和保障政府宏观调控经济、整顿市场秩序的职权;能够督促政府积极转换职能,提高危机管理水平;能够有效稳定市场秩序,确保交易公平,规范权力运作.因此,在行政法学研究中应积极引入现代公共危机管理理论,健全行政法制,提高政府应对风险的能力.     

Making sense of the global health crisis: policy narratives, conflict, and global health governance

Health has become a policy issue of global concern. Worried that the unstructured, polycentric, and pluralist nature of global health governance is undermining the ability to serve emergent global public health interests, some commentators are calling for a more systematic institutional response to the "global health crisis." Yet global health is a complex and uncertain policy issue. This article uses narrative analysis to explore how actors deal with these complexities and how uncertainties affect global health governance. By comparing three narratives in terms of their basic assumptions, the way they define problems as well as the solutions they propose, the analysis shows how the unstructured pluralism of global health policy making creates a wide scope of policy conflict over the global health crisis. This wide scope of conflict enables effective policy-oriented learning about global health issues. The article also shows how exclusionary patterns of cooperation and competition are emerging in health policy making at the global level. These patterns threaten effective learning by risking both polarization of the policy debate and unanticipated consequences of health policy. Avoiding these pitfalls, the analysis suggests, means creating global health governance regimes that promote openness and responsiveness in deliberation about the global health crisis.     

The impact of police reform on communities of Trinidad and Tobago

Objectives  

Reforms were implemented at five selected police stations in Trinidad and Tobago. The reforms were designed to improve the services delivered by police stations, to reduce crime, and to increase public confidence in the police. The intervention involved improving police facilities, vehicles, and equipment, and enhancing station staffing, training, and technical assistance to improve basic police work and station management/supervision. It introduced service-oriented, problem-solving approaches to replace the traditional colonial and post-colonial models of policing.     

‘Ulster’s policing goes global’: The police reform process in Northern Ireland and the creation of a global brand

This paper engages with contemporary discussions in relation to the commodification of policing and security. It suggests that the existing literature regarding these trends has been geared primarily towards commercial security providers and has failed to address the processes by which public policing models are commodified and marketed both within, and through, the transnational policing community. Drawing upon evidence from the police change process in Northern Ireland, we argue that a Northern Irish Policing Model (NIPM) has emerged in the aftermath of the Independent Commission on Policing (ICP) reforms. This is increasingly branded and promoted on the global stage. Furthermore, we suggest that the NIPM is not monolithic, but segmented, and targeted towards a number of different ‘consumers’ both domestically and transnationally. Reflecting these diverse markets, the NIPM draws upon two seemingly incongruous constituent elements: the ‘best practice’ lessons of policing transition, as embodied in the ICP reforms; and, the legacy of counter-terrorism expertise drawn from the preceding decades of conflict. The discussion concludes by querying as to which of these components of the NIPM is in the ascendancy.     

World gone wrong: the financial crisis,labor market transitions and earnings in Serbia

While results are starting to emerge, not much is known yet about the dynamics of the labor markets of the former Eastern economies, especially in the context of the current financial crisis. Arguably, this is mainly due to paucity of (panel) data. By examining labor market transitions and earnings growth and their correlates using a recent panel data set for Serbia, this paper combines both of these issues. Estimation of gross transition probabilities reveals that females are disadvantaged in the Serbian labor market in terms of moving out of the two undesirable states, unemployment and economic inactivity, relative to males during the first year of the financial crisis—though males are harder hit than females in terms of the levels of unemployment. In terms of earnings growth, the picture is reversed, with females experiencing smaller earnings decreases than males (though, owing to the gender earnings gap, from a much lower base). Examining the determinants of employment, unemployment, and inactivity transitions and of earnings growth reveal substantial gender differences related to individual, job, and firm characteristics. The overall results therefore hint at both males and females being hit in terms of employment and earnings, though in different ways. Finally, the paper discusses policy implications and provides suggestions for further research.     

司法相关权力视角下的司法改革方案

通过对指数报告进行统计数据和测试题目两个层面的分析,可以发现司法改革方案需要注意的几个问题:司法改革方案的整体性、配套性、正当性、有效性的改革方向和更多的具体课题,应充分考虑地方性的特殊因素,确保司法改革方案的讨论、确定程序的参与性。     

The impact of intimate partner violence on women's condom negotiation efficacy

HIV prevention efforts promote the use of condoms to prevent the spread of HIV and other STDs. Thus, a woman's agency to practice healthy sexual behaviors necessarily involves negotiation with another person. This poses unique challenges for women who have limited power in relationships. The current study explores how the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts a woman's confidence in her ability to negotiate condom use with a sexual partner (i.e., condom use self-efficacy), using data from incarcerated females in three states, who were interviewed just prior to release back into the community. The direct effect of experiencing IPV as an adult, controlling for other risk factors, on condom use self-efficacy has not previously been empirically tested. Results show that IPV experiences among women significantly decreases their confidence in negotiating condom use with a partner, putting them at a higher risk of HIV infection than women who do not report having recently experienced IPV.     

The financial competition,concentration and structure of financial performance nexus in the financial sector of Oman

Economic Change and Restructuring - This study aimed to measure the impact of financial competition, as measured by the Lerner index (LRI) and the Panzar-Rosse model (PRM), and concentration, as...     

全球金融危机下军队疗养院如何加强经济管理

2008年以来受全球金融危机的影响,许多国有企业面临巨大压力,医疗卫生部门同样不可避免地受到冲击.特别是军队疗养院,更应该看到受全球金融危机影响后加剧了的竞争和危机:中外合资医疗机构、各大医院、疗养院等等都开设的体检中心,充斥着整个以健康体检为例的医疗市场,客户资源减少,需求档次递减.     

The European Union--law, financial institutions and the banking crisis

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points

• Law created by European Institutions affects businessin all areas, none more so than in the financial sector, asthe recent financial crisis has thrown into sharp relief. Notonly the Directives that shape regulation of financial businesses(outside the scope of this article), but some provisions ofthe Treaty, Directives, Regulations and Decisions affect theability of banks to do business, in their dealings with States,as well as in their dealings with commercial customers and eachother.
• Key in the financial crisis have been the Treaty ruleson State aid: these have affected the ability of States to assistfinancial institutions in difficulty and the manner in whichthey give assistance; the recognition of the global financialcrisis as creating a disturbance in the economy of many MemberStates has been central to the swift approval of rescue aidin accordance with new guidance, while reconstruction . . . [Full Text of this Article]