无固定期限劳动合同的是与非

《劳动合同法》自制定、通过到实施,一直受到社会广泛的关注。人们所关注的热点、难点和疑点并没有随着该法的施行而结束,反倒对实施前该法引起的劳动关系变动、实施后该法的社会效果进行了更多的思考。本期刊发的几篇对热点、难点进行解读,对实施效果进行前瞻的文章,意在为读者准确理解和适用该法提供参考。     

劳动合同解除的难与易

《劳动合同法》自制定、通过到实施,一直受到社会广泛的关注。人们所关注的热点、难点和疑点并没有随着该法的施行而结束,反倒对实施前该法引起的劳动关系变动、实施后该法的社会效果进行了更多的思考。本期刊发的几篇对热点、难点进行解读,对实施效果进行前瞻的文章,意在为读者准确理解和适用该法提供参考。     

《劳动合同法》的立法价值、制度创新及影响评价

《劳动合同法》自制定、通过到实施,一直受到社会广泛的关注。人们所关注的热点、难点和疑点并没有随着该法的施行而结束,反倒对实施前该法引起的劳动关系变动、实施后该法的社会效果进行了更多的思考。本期刊发的几篇对热点、难点进行解读,对实施效果进行前瞻的文章,意在为读者准确理解和适用该法提供参考。     

社会法的研究视域和进展：关注民生，促进社会建设

一、研究概况 民生问题是实现社会和谐的基础,实务界和理论界对此已形成共识.在此背景下,全国人大常委会进行了大刀阔斧的立法活动,党的十七大更是将社会建设提升为现代化建设的目标之一,社会法再次成为社会关注的焦点.可以说,2007年是重要的社会立法年,<劳动合同法>、<就业促进法>、<劳动争议调解仲裁法>三部法相继出台,使劳动合同制度、就业促进制度、劳动争议处理机制得到丰富和发展.<社会保险法>提交全国人大常委会审议,也成为社会关注的热点.与此同时,我国社会法在理论研究方面也取得了重大进展.     

解读农民工状告中石化“假劳务派遣”案

今年正式实施的《劳动合同法》对劳务派遣制度作了明确规定,此前这方面的立法主要局限于地方。这种变化有利于规范劳务派遣行业,保护被派遣劳动者的权益。但该法实施中出现的借用劳务派遣规避企业责任的现象引人深思,有必要进一步完善该项制度,以切实保护劳动者权益。     

解读农民工状告中石化“假劳务派遣”案

今年正式实施的《劳动合同法》对劳务派遣制度作了明确规定，此前这方面的立法主要局限于地方。这种变化有利于规范劳务派遣行业，保护被派遣劳动者的权益。但该法实施中出现的借用劳务派遣规避企业责任的现象引人深思，有必要进一步完善该项制度，以切实保护劳动者权益。     

《劳动合同法》及实施条例部分条款评析

《劳动合同法》于2008年1月1日起实施,与之相应的《劳动合同法实施条例》也于2008年9月18日公布实施。作为涉及劳动者和用人单位切身利益的重要法律,自草案公布起就受到社会各界的广泛关注,该法也取得了较好的社会反响。本文着重从劳动关系实务角度对部分条款进行了简要分析。     

妥善处理群体性劳动纠纷 构建和谐劳资关系——来自广州市荔湾区人民法院的调查与思考

随着社会的发展及劳资双方法律意识的提高，劳动争议案件正在不断增多，而尤为需要关注的是群体性劳动纠纷的逐年上升趋势。群体性劳动争议案件已逐渐成为社会关注的热点，也成为法院审判工作的难点所在。本文对笔者所在法院近四年审理的群体性劳动纠纷案件作了专门的调查，分析了这类案件的特点、成因，并结合具体的审判实践，提出审理此类纠纷的相关对策。     

对我国事实劳动关系立法的反思

从2005年《劳动合同法》论证起草阶段起,围绕《劳动合同法》的学术争论就异常激烈。经过四度审议,数十易其稿,于2008年1月1日正式实施。然而,该法的颁布实施并未使这场争论尘埃落定,反而引起裁员潮、关门潮等连锁反应。如何认识《劳动合同法》对我国的劳动关系调整带来的变迁?如何评估该法的实施效果?如何解决该法悬而未决的理论难题和现实困惑?本刊专门邀请了五位从事劳动法研究的青年学者,就这些问题进行了探讨。     

用人单位违规用工乱象浅析

自2008年1月1日《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》实施以来,社会反响激烈,这其中既有劳动者的希冀和欢欣鼓舞,也有用人单位的反对和无奈。然而更多的则是对于该法真正实施效果的质疑。果不其然,在该法实施后的五年时间里,虽然规范用工行为保护劳动者权益初见成效,然而,新出现的许多问题也不容忽视。     

在政治与法律之间——气候变化诉讼中的政治问题理论

气候变化问题越来越引起全球关注,与此相应,气候变化诉讼案件在世界各国法院大量涌现。无论在美国还是在其他国家,气候变化诉讼都面临一个法律障碍:法院是否有权进行裁决。这取决于各个国家是否将气候变化问题视为法律问题。在美国,气候变化诉讼从产生之日起就面临所谓的"政治理论问题"的困扰。根据美国最高法院判例,政治性的问题或者那些被宪法和法律授予行政部门负责的问题,决不能由本法院来处理。气候问题是不是政治问题,引起了法律界的广泛关注。美国法院的判决在双方面也没有一个明确的答案。随着跨国气候变化诉讼的增加,联合国也开始关注这一问题。中国作为世界最大的碳排放国,应该及早在法律上作出应对。     

Negotiating the Draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism: Major Bones of Contention

Negotiating a Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorismhas been a long and intense process. The legal regime to becreated by this instrument has significant legal and politicalconsequences. The main issues, which would frame such consequences,are how to define the crime and decide the scope of applicationof such a Convention. These have proven to be problematic, asnegotiators have revisited issues that have been a source ofdebate for years, even centuries. Who has the right to participatein an armed conflict without being described as a terroristby the Convention? To what extent do we allow the overlap betweeninternational humanitarian law and the Convention's law, ifany? Do military forces have the right to be outside the scopeof the Convention even in peace time? These are the main questionsthat the negotiators have been trying to answer in order toreach a compromise that will satisfy all parties. If genuinepolitical will exists to conclude the Comprehensive Convention,there is no absence of legal answers that can guarantee an effectivelaw enforcement instrument against international terrorism,without infringing on legal rights and positions under internationallaw.     

China and UN environmental policy: institutional growth,learning and implementation

The focus of this article is on whether, and to what extent, the major UN bodies for environmental issues—the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF)—have had any impact upon how China addresses and approaches its environmental issues. The UN bodies seem to have had some degree of day-to-day influence in a range of fields. UNEP has provided assistance in terms of policy formulation, technical assistance, training of personnel, public awareness and networking. The CSD seems to have made fewer practical and concrete contributions to China’s environmental policies; it serves as an arena for learning and discussion of environmental issues, rather than as a body for policy implementation. The GEF, on the other hand, has been an important source for the implementation of environmental policies in China. As to China’s contribution to environmental issues on the global arena, China does not seem to give priority to the international level of environmental policies. It is an active participant and stakeholder in international bodies such as UNEP and the CSD, but it is currently not providing any leadership. This is in clear contrast to domestic policy, where environmental issues are becoming increasingly important, attracting the attention of the media, policy-makers and the public. The article concludes that should this trend consolidate, establishing the management of the environment and natural resources as major issues in Chinese politics, it is reasonable to expect that China will in the future aim to play a leading role in environmental politics at the international level.     

Intersecting Issues Involving Asylum in the United States and Cases Arising Under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

The issue of immigration status has become the focal point in some cases arising under the 1980 Hague Convention on Child Abduction. Asylum claims affect both substantive and procedural issues that are presented to state and federal courts. A nexus has developed between undocumented immigrants who are parties to a Hague case, and issues of habitual residence, acclimatization, and grave risk. Asylum claims have forced courts to consider the viability of such claims, requests for stay of Hague cases pending the outcome of asylum claims, the likelihood of deportation, and the effect of grants of asylum on the particular issues in the case. Where asylum has been granted to either a parent or child, substantial consideration has been given to the asylum determination by the court hearing the Hague case.     

Patently designed and trade marked: MMORPGs

Legal context: A market has grown around massively multiplayer online role-playinggames (MMORPGs) and a lucrative online market has emerged outsidethe games for the sale of game characters and items. Much discussionand debate have focused on the copyright issues and the roleof End User Licence Agreements (EULAs), and strong criticismshave been levelled at those EULAs that give game providers IPownership and rights over any dealings with the game charactersand items. MMORPGs also raise legal issues in other IP law areasof trade marks, designs, and patents, and this article willdeal with these. Key points: Trade marks can be a powerful tool to protect the creativityof online characters and items but the first issue that needsto be considered is whether these creations in the online worldcan be trade marked. Similar considerations exist for patentsand designs. Further, there are also issues with trade marks,patents, and designs properly registered in the real world beingused in MMORPGs by those who are not the owners. The ownersof these registered IP rights would obviously wish to protecttheir interests to the fullest. Practical significance: There have been a number of issues and debates raised concerningthe game characters and items between game developers, gamersand farming companies. This article examines the key trade mark,patent and design law issues at stake.     

Global warming and state-corporate crime: the politicalization of global warming under the Bush administration

Global warming is one of the most significant and difficult issues facing the world today. As result, researchers in a number of disciplines have directed their attention to addressing issues relevant to the study of and responses to global warming. This has been less true in the social sciences, and especially within specific social sciences such as criminology, in comparison to the physical sciences. Global warming does, however, have criminological and sociological relevance on several levels. This article examines one of those levels by exploring the politicalization of global warming under the Bush Administration, and addresses this issue as an example of state-corporate crime.     

Persons with intellectual disabilities in the criminal justice system: review of issues

Although the vast majority of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are law-abiding citizens, there is a small percentage with offending behaviour that is considered antisocial, socially inappropriate, or defined as illegal. It has long been recognised that individuals with ID or mental-health needs who break the law should be dealt with differently from the general population. There have been an increasing number of empirical studies in this area; however, these have been plagued by various definitional and methodological issues. Prevalence estimates of offenders with ID are complicated by diagnostic variations and inconsistencies in the criminal justice process. International studies have shown a large range, from 2% to 40%, depending on methodological approaches. The following review will highlight the salient issues including prevalence of offending, characteristics of offenders, vulnerabilities within the legal system, assessment, and a brief overview of intervention and treatment approaches.