公共卫生框架下的卫生监督及其法制工作内涵简

卫生监督工作是公共卫生事业的一个组成部分,在实现公共卫生目标的同时,应当具备＂自我进化＂的能力。这种能力是公共卫生事业不断向高水平发展的重要因素,其动力来源在很大程度上依赖于卫生监督法制工作在正确的方向上有效运转。传统视角下对卫生监督法制工作内涵的解读有其局限性,本文在把握卫生监督与公共卫生之间的关系,以及重述、分析卫生监督过程的基础上,从解读立法、审视立法、反馈立法三个新的视角尝试探讨卫生监督法制工作的内涵。     

Medical devices; general hospital and personal use devices; classification of the filtering facepiece respirator for use by the general public in public health medical emergencies. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the filtering facepiece respirator for use by the general public in public health medical emergencies into class II (special controls). The agency is classifying these devices into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of these devices and is specifying what those special controls are. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a guidance document entitled, "Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Filtering Facepiece Respirator for Use by the General Public in Public Health Medical Emergencies." This guidance document will serve as one of the special controls, along with certification of the respirator by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in accordance with its regulations for non-powered air-purifying particulate respirators, found in 42 CFR part 84, as specified in the classification regulation.     

The National Response Plan: a new framework for homeland security, public health, and bioterrorism response

This Article provides a detailed overview of the new National Response Plan (NRP) with a focus on its applicability to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. The Article highlights critical policy and legal issues left unresolved by the NRP, and offers recommendations for the resolution of those issues. The author concludes that, although the NRP is not perfect, it represents a major advance in domestic incident management and provides regular opportunities for review and revision as we learn how to best coordinate the national response to major incidents. A close working relationship between the Departments of Health and Human Services and Homeland Security should enable a unified response to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies in support of state and local efforts.     

The use of ingredients of potential public health concern. Compliance with the HACCP system regulations and request for comment

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is publishing this document to inform establishments that prepare meat and poultry products of the need to ensure that they maintain proper control over the use of ingredients, especially those that present a potential public health concern, and over the ingredient labeling of their products. Establishments should ensure that their systems provide such control as part of their next reassessment of their HACCP systems. FSIS invites comments on the matters presented in this document.     

“双规、双指”期间自书材料的证据法分析

自书材料是职务犯罪审理时常见的一种证据形式,但它作为诉讼证据的合法性不足,故在证据属性上应当把它界定为“准口供”。自书材料在使用时应当受到限制,不能随侦查卷宗一起不受限制地直入法庭,应以用作弹劾证据为原则。在满足真实性保障的前提下,自书材料可以用作实质证据,但任何时候不得用作补强证据。应当把刑讯、变相刑讯以及威胁、引诱、欺骗所取得的自书材料均界定为非法证据。但非法自书材料不能对后续的侦查口供产生波及效应,否则就意味着惩罚守法的侦查人员,有违排除规则之阻却违法的目的,也有以司法干预党纪之嫌。     

国家法律者自国家考试出--德国职业法律者培养和选拔模式一瞥

法治国家的建立和法律秩序的维护需要一大批高素质的职业法律者,德国在培养和选拔职业法律者的过程中创造了一批独特的模式.这种模式具有浓烈的国家色彩.它通过国家考试的形式将培养和选拔溶为一体.在德国,未来职业法律者在参加国家考试前,必须要经过校园专业学习和职业预备期的训练.当然,这种模式也有其缺陷和不足.     

Public Health Service--Grants for traineeships in health administration, hospital administration, or health policy analysis and planning at public or nonprofit private educational institutions other than schools of public health. Final rule

This rule sets forth requirements for programs for Grants for Traineeships in Health Administration, Hospital Administration, or Health Policy Analysis and Planning at Public or Nonprofit Private Educational Institutions Other Than Schools of Public Health under Section 749 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C 294s).