共查询到14条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
《国际相互影响》2012,38(5):757-780
ABSTRACTDoes the presence of UN peacekeeping force lower civilian fatalities at the local level? If it does, is it because of their coercive military capacity or for other reasons such as their roles in monitoring and reporting violent atrocities? To explore these questions, I study the deployment of peacekeeping units in Darfur and its impact on violence against civilians. Using original geocoded data of UN deployments before and after the intervention, I examine what aspects of such deployments impact one-sided civilian killings by government and rebel groups. Results indicate that deploying UN peacekeepers in an area restrains belligerent from targeting civilians. However, the military capacity of peacekeepers is not a significant predictor of violence against civilians. While their ability to defend themselves is extremely important for peacekeepers, these findings caution against the militarization trend in UN peacekeeping and seek to reshift focus on other substantive aspects of peacekeeping. 相似文献
2.
Hanspeter Neuhold 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2013,48(3):21-35
Common wisdom is that NATO's future hinges solely on the outcome of the International Security Assistance Force mission in Afghanistan. While the state of Afghanistan will impact the future of the Alliance for better or for worse, it will not be the sole or even primary factor to influence the future of NATO. In many ways, Afghanistan has become an excuse for the Alliance to ignore some of the in-built problems of the organisation. The allies' inability to define clearly the nature of the Alliance and its core missions, a lack of capability and poor funding, topped off by exceedingly weak and troubled relations with other international organisations, particularly the European Union, all pose significant challenges that the alliance must address to remain relevant, coherent, and equipped to engage effectually in future operations. 相似文献
3.
民国时期,哈尔滨的俄侨学者进行了活跃的学术活动,留下了宝贵的文化遗产,撰写出学术著作（含手稿）至少200部,创办刊载了6 000多篇学术文章（含报告）的学术期刊十余种。哈尔滨俄侨学术遗产流散到世界各地。国外主要分布在俄罗斯、美国、日本等国,其中俄罗斯最多。俄罗斯联邦国家档案馆学术图书馆、俄罗斯国家图书馆、俄罗斯科学院远东研究所图书馆和哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区档案馆,是俄罗斯哈尔滨俄侨学术遗产四大收藏地。国内主要分布在哈尔滨、长春、北京、上海等地。黑龙江省博物馆（前身为东省文物研究会博物馆）、吉林大学亚细亚文库、中国国家图书馆是中国三大收藏基地。国内外都十分重视哈尔滨俄侨学术遗产的保护,但只有在西方国家哈尔滨俄侨学术遗产得到有效利用。 相似文献
4.
Luciano Bardi 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2013,48(2):17-30
The Lisbon Treaty sets ambitious goals for the Union in the field of external relations, but makes limited changes in the pursuit of these goals. The role of the High Representative is reinforced and an External Action Service will be set up, but decisions on the common foreign and security policy are still to be taken by consensus. The Representative and the Service will seek to facilitate the emergence of such consensus and to increase the effectiveness of its external implementation. But this can only be a gradual process, the success of which will depend largely upon the continuing political will of the member states. 相似文献
5.
Paolo Foradori Serena Giusti Alessandro Giovanni Lamonica 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2018,53(3):86-101
In the context of the increasing securitisation of cultural heritage, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom have reacted differently to the recent wave of iconoclasm perpetrated by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and similar radical groups and terrorist organisations. With cultural heritage now discursively identified as a security concern, the three states enacted security practices to deal with the newly emerged security threats. All three cases show a tight association between the protection of cultural heritage, development and security policies. State-driven cultural heritage protection policies continue to be designed around the notion of multilateral cooperation, although innovative forms of public-private multilateralism and civil-military cooperation are increasingly being introduced. 相似文献
6.
AbstractThis paper applies the distance-to-crime approach to the case of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and shooting attacks conducted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) during the Northern Ireland conflict, 1970–1998. The aim is to (a) measure the typical ‘distance to crime’ (b) detect whether a distance-decay effect is noticeable and (c) investigate whether there is a discernible difference in the distance traveled depending upon individual offender characteristics or aspects of how the offence was committed. In particular, it highlights that many of the same dynamics that influence offender decision making within the volume crime world, also apply within the terrorism realm. Five findings stand out in particular. First, a distance decay effect is identifiable. Second, younger offenders travel significantly smaller distances. Third, complex attacks typically involve greater distances. Fourth, our results show the ability of leading decision-makers within PIRA to impact upon the day-to-day operations of the field operatives. Together the results reinforce the argument that when we focus on terrorism from a preventative angle, we should focus on their behaviors: what they do rather than remain preoccupied with concerns about who they are and/or what they might be like. Collectively the results also highlight the fact that for a finer-grained understanding of terrorist behavior we need to disaggregate on a number of levels: within the cadre of operatives, across terrorist attacks, across targets and within conflicts. 相似文献
7.
The European Union member states split over the military intervention in Libya with France, Germany and the UK voting differently in the United Nations Security Council. This article compares news media in France and Germany to better understand the foreign policy decisions of these key actors. Using a newspaper analysis of 334 articles, it shows that the German domestic debate started very late and was much less stable than the French debate. This supports arguments that Germany's decision-making was erratic. The analysis, however, also shows that the German debate was comprehensive and included an extensive discussion of the legitimacy of intervention. This fits in well with the traditional reluctance of German foreign policy elites to support military action. 相似文献
8.
Sam Sussman 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2016,51(2):9-18
AbstractIs R2P the most effective tool the international community has to prevent genocide, or the newest neo-imperial norm perpetuated by the most powerful states? In a dramatic performance of the key debates within R2P, each of these views is presented before Aristotlean and Tocquevillean insights are drawn upon to find a middle ground rooted in citizen resistance against mass atrocity crimes. R2P can both become a more effective tool of prevention and gain needed political legitimacy by drawing on the rich historical tradition of citizen resistance to empower local actors defying regimes engaged in mass atrocity crimes. 相似文献
9.
This article assesses the EU's engagement with the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) norm and considers the scope for its integration into the EU's activities and global strategy. We examine how the EU's engagement with R2P tests its normative leadership in the context of internal and external political challenges to its authority. We expand on previous studies of the EU's failure to live by example over R2P by adding a missing analytical dimension – trends at the global level – and by suggesting an alternative explanation for the apparent ambivalence towards R2P in some parts of the EU. The EU has engaged with R2P – albeit labelling it differently at times – more than many observers recognize and despite bureaucratic resistance and diverging national approaches. Rather, the fundamental constraint on the EU's role in promoting R2P relates to a transitional international order in which the EU's normative traction is in decline and European foreign policy elites are increasingly pragmatic and cautious. 相似文献
10.
George Christou 《European Security》2014,23(3):364-381
The language of human security has been prominent in the European Union's (EU) official discourse for a number of years. However, whilst it has been promoted as a new approach for the EU in the development of its security and defence policy, the aim of this article is to assess the extent to which it actually features in the EU's contemporary strategic discourse and practice. It seeks to uncover where and how the concept is spoken within the EU's institutional milieu, how it is understood by the relevant policy-makers in the EU and the implication of this across key areas of human security practice. It is argued in the article that human security has not been embedded as the driving strategic concept for Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) in an era of crisis and change in Europe and beyond and that the prospects for this materialising in the near future are rather thin. 相似文献
11.
任何文化都存在于一定的时间中,文化安全在时间驱动下发生变化,时间因素对文化安全产生何种影响,它是否会侵蚀、威胁文化安全,文章围绕三个问题展开了递进的分析。首先,时间通过对社会结构的改变而对文化安全产生了显性的影响。时间结构和时间维度的变革,为社会结构和社会文化带来了一系列的影响和后果:文化的商品化和碎片化;人文主义衰微,文化的自主性受到威胁;时间问题带来了价值秩序的重构,短期性和即刻满足受到偏爱;文化失去批判能力,成为娱乐。其次,时间自身及其围绕它的变化对文化安全产生了的隐性但却是根本性的影响。在多变且不确定的情况下,行为主体对时间的感知和与之的关系都是疏离的,这种脱位意味着文化被从其扎根的环境中抽取出来,文化根基被削弱、文化空间减少,从而使文化失去发展自身的权利和能力,高度的变化性和不确定性过度磨损文化的再生产能力。最后,关于文化的能动性问题,即是否存在着文化对时间的反作用力。其结论是,文化是时间背后的\"沉默的规范力量\"。这样的认识能够帮助我们提高应对文化安全议题的自觉性,从文化之中寻求文化安全问题的解决办法。透过时间的视角,可以看到一定的文化的稳定性是文化安全的重要保障。在快速变化的现代社会中,文化安全议题尤显重要。 相似文献
12.
《Japan Forum》2012,24(3):405-428
Abstract The Franco-Japanese writer Yamata Kiku (1897–1975) lived in Paris during the 1920s, 1930s and again after the war, writing solely about Japanese culture and predominantly about Japanese women. She was received and indeed styled herself as la japonaise for Parisian literary circles and met with great success, championed by the likes of Valéry, Colette and later Henry Miller. This article examines Yamata's status as a woman who capitalized on the racial and cultural imperatives of her time in France and Japan to present herself variously, both in Orientalist mode and in the tradition of French enlightened republicanism. It questions whether Yamata's works subvert the hegemonic reification of Japanese culture or whether they confirm the Madame Chrysanthemum myth. By analysing changes in her mode of self-representation, it reveals a nexus of gender and racial stereotypes, which has been little explored in the Franco-Japanese context and which challenges the common assumption of the subversive nature of cultural hybridity. Finally, it explores what recent studies of Yamata, together with the 1998 decision by her original publisher Stock to reprint her earlier works, can tell us about the (post-)Orientalist discourse in France today. 相似文献
13.
内蒙古东部地区科尔沁非物质文化遗产保护的核心问题在于确立科学的保护模式和落实有力的保护措施,通过确认、立档、研究、保存、传承等措施,尊重历史的原汁原味生态环境及技能的价值;通过宣传、弘扬、传承和振兴等举措,重塑当代人的行为,建构保护科尔沁非物质文化遗产的科学模式。我们应以立法保护、行政保护和社会保护的系统工程,确立完整、规范的法律保护体系,特别是注意运用少数民族文化发展权,强化非物质文化遗产的地方性法规建设,在建设和振兴中国东北的过程中为科尔沁非物质文化遗产保护工作做出当代人的努力。 相似文献