公共卫生应急事件中的行刑联动机制研究——从食品药品监督执法的角度探析

在我国药品、食品公共卫生事件处理过程中,行政执法和刑事侦察衔接不畅通,刑事制裁真空,是该类事件频发的主要原因。新形势下,进一步明确和落实行刑联动机制是提高政府公共危机管理能力,严惩犯罪分子,防范类似公共卫生事件再次发生的体制保证。本文对行刑联动机制进行制度分析和实践分析,剖析其现存的问题,并借鉴美国的相关制度提出解决方案,进一步完善食品药品行刑联动机制。     

The exploitation of Business Register data from a public sector information and data protection perspective: A case study

Business Registers (BRs) are a very important information resource for investors, creditors, financial institutions and public authorities. The possibility to aggregate and interconnect these data at a European level could enhance the transparency of companies towards those actors and add a great deal of value to the raw Business Register data. The European BRITE project intended to provide adequate tools to meet these demands. BRITE will provide easier access and cross-border interoperability of Business Register data throughout Europe. On the other hand, the processing of BR data within the BRs and BRITE triggers several important European legislations such as the Data Protection Directive and the Directive on the re-use of public sector information. In this paper, the processing of BR data will be analysed from the perspective of both data protection and public sector information laws, analysing as well the relation between both regulations. Do these regulations strike an optimal balance between the interests of private data vendors to re-use BR data and enhance business transparency and the need to protect the personal data of natural persons?     

国家和社会共同在场:公共卫生事件下社会动员机制研究

社会动员是一种通过利益机制或政策引导调动人们的参与积极性,从而调动社会资源和整合社会力量,进而实现特定目标的工作方法[1].在2003年抗击非典型肺炎疫情中,我国的社会动员发挥了强大力量,但是以行政命令为主要推动力发挥优势的同时,也导致了一定程度的社会秩序混乱以及管理机制失调.随着社会全方位的变化发展,2019年底至今...     

现代政府绩效评价：中国问题与策略

现代政府绩效评价是当前政府公共管理领域关注的主要课题之一,本文主要探讨了政府绩效评价的主要问题,并提出了一套系统的整体性的应对策略。     

The prevalence of compassion fatigue,compassion satisfaction and perceived stress,and their relationships with mental toughness,individual differences and number of self-care actions in a UK police force

ABSTRACT

Police personnel are likely to be affected by stress and compassion fatigue, which may have important consequences for health, well-being and job performance. There are certain individual differences which may protect against compassion fatigue, for example mental toughness, personality and self-care behaviours. However, there is little research examining all of these constructs in combination with policing. The current study aimed to gather information regarding the prevalence of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress within a large UK police force, and their relationships with personality, mental toughness and self-care activities. A questionnaire was completed by 605 police employees within a UK police force. The results demonstrated that 20% of personnel suffered from negative psychological outcomes and that these outcomes were predicted by individual differences and self-care activities. The requirement for shift work, and mental toughness scores, significantly predicted compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and perceived stress. The analyses also revealed a role for gender, tenure, personality and self-care in several aspects of well-being. The implications of these findings are discussed, considering the current contexts in which policing operates, with the aim of improving the psychological well-being of police officers and staff.     

The distribution of police use of force across patrol and specialty units: a case study in BWC impact

Journal of Experimental Criminology - To examine differences in use of force by police patrol and specialized units, and the impact of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on use of force in these groups. We...     

The public health implications of United Kingdom offender healthcare policy: a holistic approach to achieve individual and societal gains

In 2009, two seminal documents were published by the United Kingdom (UK) government concerning healthcare services for offenders. The Bradley review into diversion for people with mental health problems and learning disabilities emphasised a need to improve offender health, not least because of the high economic costs to society as a whole resulting from unresolved mental illness, physical ill-health and substance abuse problems commonly experienced by offenders. The Bradley review made wide-reaching recommendations for change, requiring strong partnership between health and justice agencies at both central government and local levels. A framework for the delivery of Bradley's recommendations has been set out in Improving health, supporting justice, the Department of Health's offender health strategy which sets out the direction of travel for the next 10 years.This paper discusses the reality of working toward improving health services for this marginalised group in the context of the influence of the current straitened financial climate on the allocation of resources to publically funded healthcare in the UK; it examines the historically based, and widely held, belief in the principle of “less eligibility” within our society, whereby there is much public and media resistance to allocating resources to improving care for offenders when other, more “deserving”, groups are perceived to be in continuing need.     

The media coverage of court proceedings in Europe: Striking a balance between freedom of expression and fair process

Press curiosity to report on legal proceedings has been a salacious feature in history of mass media. Pre-trial comment, media coverage of press proceedings and the protection of privacy of the defendant are some of the main legal issues which are raised by the ambiguous relation of media to court proceedings. The Internet revolution and the emergence of the blogosphere have added a new dimension to the analysis of these legal issues. A balance between freedom of expression and the guarantee of a fair unprejudiced process has to be achieved in the context of application of legal mechanisms of protection of the justice’s authority, such as contempt of court. As regards the question of media coverage of the court proceedings, the decision of the UK Supreme Court on May 2011 to permit television coverage of its hearings demonstrates an important shift as regards how publicity is perceived by the administration of justice in the UK, while there is a certain disparity between national legislators in the way they deal with this issue at a European level. The legal question of the protection of the defendant through the effective guarantee of the presumption of innocence and, consequently, that of a fair trial is often combined with the debate about the right of the defendant’s privacy not only when there is a pressing social need for information to the public before or during the court trial but also many years after the end of the legal proceedings.     

基于横截面数据的存款保险费率和资本充足率的一致性研究

存款保险费率是评价商业银行风险的重要指标,根据每个商业银行的市场表现可确定其不同的存款保险费率;资本充足率是商业银行抵抗风险的重要保证,资本充足率越高表示商业银行的风险越低。这两个指标对商业银行风险水平的评价本来应该是一致的,但采用多种方法对目前中国上市银行进行检验,都表明其一致性较低。揭示导致这种不一致性的原因,可为这一研究的深入提供新的方向。     

影响性刑事冤假错案的产生、纠错、追责与民意的关联考察——以22起影响性刑事冤假错案为主要研究范本

民意的影响是冤假错案产生的诱因之一。不理性的民意极易虚构出貌似合理的"案件事实"并以此给司法机关施压。基于民意的压力,司法机关往往更多注重有罪证据,忽视无罪证据。命案必破、限期破案、疑罪从轻等刑事政策、司法理念,都是对民意诉求的顺应,也是促成冤假错案的诱因。民意对影响性冤假错案的纠错有积极意义,但仍应回归法治轨道。样本案件中,民意推进了冤假错案纠错程序的启动、纠错的及时,但没有制度化。民众对司法活动的认知不够理性,对错案追责的民意表达亦非建立在理性认知的基础之上。我国有必要培育理性的民意,形成民意与刑事司法的良性互动。     

村民自治的发展困境及应对——农村社会变迁与村民自治发展的相关性分析

20世纪80年代末至今，我国农村环境发生了巨大变化。这些变化使村民自治制度在实施中陷入行政化、派系分化以及载体缺失的困境。行政化削弱了自治权的价值；派系分化影响了农村民主的真正实施；而农村“空心化”使村民自治失去依托。走出这一困境，我们需要进一步完善村民自治法律制度，规范农村自治组织，创新村民自治的制度功能。     

论上市公司股东持股变动信息披露法律管制的限度--以证券公开原则与信托法上的保密义务的冲突为例

信托公司以委托人交付的信托财产大量投资于某一只股票时,证券界一直要求信托公司无条件披露委托人名单,从而与信托法规定的保密义务发生了冲突.实际上,信息披露管制的界限应当以"防范不公正金融交易"为限度,而委托人也不得为非法目的而利用保密义务来规避其应承担的信息披露义务.法律界应当充分注意到信托财产投资运用控制权的多样性,区分积极信托、消极信托等不同的类型分别规定信息披露的方法.