传媒暴力对青少年犯罪的影响及社会控制的心理分析

传媒暴力的泛滥是诱发青少年犯罪的重要因素之一,也是影响青少年社会认知、反社会人格形成的主要因素之一,本文试图从理论上探讨传媒暴力对青少年具有吸引力的心理分析,以期从政府、社会、家庭寻求控制传媒暴力的有效机制,保证青少年健康成长。     

传媒暴力与青少年社会化

传媒暴力对青少年社会化有负面影响已是不争的事实。本文阐述了传媒暴力对青少年社会化负面影响的几种主要表现,分析了限制传媒暴力困难重重的原因,并就如何限制传媒暴力的负面影响作了深入探讨。     

传媒暴力与青少年社会化

传媒暴力对青少年社会化有负面影响已是不争的事实。本文阐述了传媒暴力对青少年社会化负面影响的几种主要表现，分析了限制传媒暴力困难重重的原因，并就如何限制传媒暴力的负面影响作了深入探讨。     

传媒暴力对青少年影响的犯罪学解释

暴力的发生机制与外界环境相关。传媒暴力具有正负社会效应的两面性，决定了社会应对传媒暴力的策略。调整传媒暴力的社会需求与降低传媒暴力对少年犯罪的激励作用，是社会控制中的重点目标。     

青少年校园暴力及其防治

青少年校园暴力问题在近几年大有愈演愈烈之势，暴力的施者和受者绝大多数都是正处于花样年华的青少年，而原本应该安全宁静的校园也日日笼罩在暴力的阴影之中。如何防治青少年校园暴力问题，如何建立起完善的青少年校园暴力预防系统已经成为国内外学者探讨的重点。鉴于青少年心理状态的特殊性，结合心理学研究成果探讨青少年校园暴力防止措施的完善将会事倍功半。     

暴力电子游戏诱发青少年攻击行为的问题及对策

暴力电子游戏具有极大的社会危害性。玩暴力电子游戏会导致青少年攻击性人格增加，并容易诱发攻击性行为发生。具体来说它可以误导青少年的认知模式、唤醒青少年的攻击本能、诱发并强化青少年的攻击行为、教会青少年攻击性行为方式和改变了青少年大脑的正常生理机能。我们应当采取各种措施防止暴力电子游戏危害青少年的健康成长。     

“暴力文化”对青少年犯罪的影响

青少年生理心理的特殊性，决定了暴力文化对青少年暴力犯罪心理塑造的极大倾向性。暴力文化通过大众传媒这一主导传播方式形成特定的文化氛围，置身于该效应场中的青少年通过对暴力文化的选择加工、角色扮演、自我强化等环节形成暴力犯罪行为发生机理。     

家庭暴力与青少年不良行为关系分析

本文通过对家庭暴力中父母之间的暴力原因与青少年之间的关系，家庭中父母与子女之间的暴力原因、家庭暴力方式，暴力方式与受害人造成问题，存在家庭暴力的青少年违法犯罪的类型等问题的调研分析，对家庭暴力与青少年不良行为关系进行了探讨。并得出了暴力性教育方式对青少年的教育生产反作用性，家庭暴力直接影响到青少年的认知，影响青少年形成不良行为，造成暴力性违法犯罪的结论。以期引起社会对家庭暴力问题的关注。     

“网络时代”与成人社会的焦虑

无论成人社会是否准备好了,“网络时代”已经真切地降临。然而,随着“网络时代”的到来,成人社会的焦虑也与日俱增,这种焦虑集中体现在担心网络上的不良资讯,尤其是黄色、暴力、反动信息会对青少年的健康成长造成严重的负面影响,甚至诱发青少年犯罪。     

中国青少年团伙的违规行为、暴力行为研究

通过分析中国的青少年团伙与青少年的违规行为之间的关系,论证了自陈法1(Self-Report Methodology)在中国社会的可行性。当前,欧美已经形成了参加青少年团伙、暴力特质2(Violence Specialization)和违规行为之间的关系理论,这些理论是否适用于中国,是值得我们检验的课题。通过构建理论框架和运用多层次反应模型来分析参加青少年团伙和违规行为(特别是暴力特质)之间的关系。研究发现,在过去一年中,超过一半的受访者承认有过违规行为,11%的受访者自称参加了青少年团伙。青少年是否参加青少年团伙,直接影响到他们是否实施违规行为和是否具有暴力特质。基于多变量分析发现,自控力差、问题家庭、对父母和学校的依恋、家长监护和同伴的违规行为弱化了青少年团伙对青少年的违规和暴力行为的影响。但是,青少年团伙成员的违规行为和暴力特质的对数发生比(Log Odds)更高。     

Power and transformational and transactional leadership in public and private organizations

Ten public and 35 private organizations located in Central New York State participated in a university- sponsored research project to study the effects of organizational characteristics upon types of leadership (transformational/transactional) and power demonstrated by supervisors. Public sector organizations in which managers had low control over rewards were compared to private sector organizations in which managers had high control over rewards.

Followers perceived public sector supervisors as more inspirational by their followers and they used more active management-by-exception behavior than those in private organizations. Private sector supervisors had more reward, legitimate and coercive power than supervisors in public sector organizations.     

Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians and why Novorossiya failed

This article discusses two inter-related issues. Firstly, the factors lying behind Russia's fervent belief that its Novorossiya (New Russia) project, aimed to bring back to Russia eight oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhhya, Odesa, Mykolayiv, and Kherson in eastern and southern Ukraine and launched during the 2014 “Russian Spring,” would be successful. Russian identity misunderstood, and continues to misunderstand, Ukraine and Ukrainians through stereotypes and myths of Ukraine as an “artificial state” and Ukraine's Russian speakers as “fraternal brothers” and Russians and Ukrainians as “one people” (odin narod). Secondly, why Ukrainian national identity was different than these Russian stereotypes and myths and how this led to the failure of the Novorossiya project. Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians came face to face with the reality of Russian-speaking Ukrainian patriotism and their low support for the Russkij Mir (Russian World). The article compares Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians with how Ukrainians see themselves to explain the roots of the 2014 crisis, “Russian Spring,” and failure of Russian President Vladimir Putin's Novorossiya project.     

Natural Resources and Small Island Economies: Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

Historically, small economies, especially resource-rich ones, underperformed on average relative to their larger counterparts. Small island economies appear still more disadvantaged due to remoteness from both markets and agglomeration economies. Yet a comparison of two small island economies with similar initial conditions other than their mineral endowment suggests that policy outweighs size, isolation and resource endowment in determining economic performance. Resource-poor Mauritius adopted an unfashionable policy of export manufacturing that systematically eliminated surplus labour, which drove economic diversification that sustained rapid GDP growth and political maturation. Like most resource-rich economies, Trinidad and Tobago pursued policies that absorbed rent too rapidly, which impeded diversification and created an illusory prosperity vulnerable to collapse.     

Country size and economic growth and development

This paper attempts to provide limited empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship between country size and rates of economic growth and levels of economic development, and on the possible effects of trade concentration and dependence on trade on this relationship. It suggests that there is no discernible association between country size and economic development, nor between country size and economic growth, and that neither the dependence on trade of small countries nor their commodity and geographic export concentration are necessarily important factors in economic growth and economic development.     

Government and Corruption: Scylla and Charybdis

Using public sector employment and corruption perception data for 72 countries across the world, this article demonstrates that despite common notion countries with “smaller” governments do not tend to have lower corruption. Under general assumptions, one can demonstrate that there is an optimal size of public sector employment corresponding to the highest capital intensity. The model has several implications: lower optimal sizes of governments for labor intensive countries and higher sizes for capital intensive ones, possibility to reduce corruption paying a cost of suboptimal output, and a higher “price” of an oversized government for labor intensive countries.     

“两抢”犯罪的趋势与防控

根据最近16年的统计数据，我国“两抢”犯罪总体呈上升态势，且出现多方面的特点。当前，影响“两抢”犯罪变化趋势的因素主要有：社会管理机制完善的程度、社会成员之间收入的差距、“两抢”犯罪主体特点、社会成员的防范意识以及公安机关的防控机制等。预防“两抢”犯罪需要整个社会尤其是公安机关的共同努力。     

现代化与未成年人犯罪

未成人犯罪随着现代化的发展而发展，这可以说是一种国际现象。在现代化进程中，我国未成年人犯罪大量增多的原因在于：未成年人生理、心理发展不平衡，家庭教育存在缺失，学校教育存在不足，社会上存在着很多消极因素。在现代化进程中，必须采取有效对策，控制未成年人犯罪增多，才能保障未成年人健康成长。     

Earnings and ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP) data for Trinidad and Tobago to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity. The data, organised into three ethnic groupings, reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market for Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities taken as a whole. While the larger portion of the earnings differentials generally appears to be explained by ethnic differences in characteristics valued by the labour market, Africans and Indians would benefit substantially if they were to receive the same rates of remuneration for their educational endowments as workers of other ethnicities in the Trinidad and Tobago labour market. Notwithstanding Indians’ lowest average earnings, Africans appear more likely to be discriminated against.