应对文物危机的路径选择——以国内法和国际法对文物的保护为分析框架

最近,圆明园兽首拍卖事件再次引发了人们对与文物和文物保护有关的法律问题的思考。文物所具有的突出价值及其面临的危机使许多国家都通过制定法律对文物实施特别保护。随着文物危机的国际性因素的增多,国际文物保护法得以兴起和发展。在国内文物保护法和国际文物保护法的共同推动下,兴起了世界范围内的文物保护运动,在此过程中,国内文物保护法和国际文物保护法相互影响,形成了在协调中相互发展、在冲突中寻求妥协的发展进路。     

A Political Economy Perspective of Judicial Review in the European Union: Judicial Appointments Rule, Accessibility and Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice

The paper examines the benefits the sovereign member states of the EU expect to derive by granting the European Court of Justice the power to review the collective policy making decisions of the EU legislative bodies. Using the methodology of constitutional political economy it investigates the one-country one-judge rule of judicial appointments in the ECJ, the restrictions imposed on litigants to access the ECJ and the limits on the jurisdiction of the ECJ to review EU legislation. It also analyses how the presence of judicial review affects the size of the policy measures taken by the policy makers.