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1.
Katherine S. Elkington José A. Bauermeister Marc A. Zimmerman 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(5):514-527
Psychological distress has been inconsistently associated with sexual risk behavior in youth, suggesting additional factors,
such as substance use, may explain this relationship. The mediating or moderating role of substance use on the relationship
between psychological distress and sexual risk behaviors was prospectively examined over the four high school years in a sample
of urban youth (N = 850; 80% African American; 50% female). Growth curve modeling was used to estimate changes in sexual risk
across adolescence and to test its association to psychological distress symptoms and frequency of substance use. Substance
use was associated with psychological distress. Greater psychological distress was associated with increased sexual intercourse
frequency, decreased condom use, and increased number of partners. Substance use fully mediated the relationship between psychological
distress and intercourse frequency and condom use, and partially mediated the relationship between psychological distress
and number of partners. We found no differences in mediation by sex or race/ethnicity and no evidence to support moderation
of psychological distress and substance use on sexual risk. Findings suggest that psychological distress is associated with
sexual risk because youth with greater psychological distress are also more likely to use substances. Practical implications
for adolescent HIV/STI prevention are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Wenzel S Holloway I Golinelli D Ewing B Bowman R Tucker J 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(5):561-571
Little is known about the social networks of homeless youth in emerging adulthood despite the importance of this information
for interventions to reduce health risks. This study examined the composition of social networks, and the risks and supports
present within them, in a random sample of 349 homeless youth (33.4% female, 23.9% African American, 17.7% Hispanic) between
the ages of 18 and 24. Social network members who were met on the street were among the most likely to be perceived as engaging
in risky sex, as well as to engage in substance use with the youth. Youth were more likely to count on relatives and sex partners
for support compared to other network members, but they also were more likely to use substances with sex partners and perceived
them as engaging in risky sex. Interventions may need to recognize the importance of intimate relationships during the developmental
stage of emerging adulthood by enhancing supportive bonds and reducing substance use and risky sex in these relationships. 相似文献
3.
Gustavo Carlo Lisa J. Crockett Jamie L. Wilkinson Sarah J. Beal 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1192-1202
While many adolescents and young adults experiment with substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarette smoking, marijuana), recent research
suggests that rural youth and young adults may be more at risk for substance use than their urban counterparts. This study
was designed to examine the longitudinal relationships between rural adolescents’ prosocial behaviors and substance use in
young adulthood. Furthermore, we examined the potential mediating effects of adolescent substance use, academic investment,
and delinquency. Rural youth (N = 531; 263 girls) were surveyed in grades 10–12 (Time 1; M age = 16.17; SD = .91) and again in early adulthood (Time 2). Measures of prosocial behaviors, substance use, academic investment,
and deviant activities were assessed at Time 1. At Time 2, measures of marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and getting drunk
were administered. Overall, the findings showed that rural adolescents who frequently exhibit prosocial behaviors are less
likely to engage in substance use in young adulthood than those who exhibit relatively low levels of prosocial behaviors.
These findings indicate that prosocial behaviors may have positive health consequences, establishing behavioral trajectories
that lead to lower levels of risky health behaviors in adulthood in rural populations. 相似文献
4.
Slesnick N Bartle-Haring S Dashora P Kang MJ Aukward E 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(4):465-474
While few studies have identified predictors of exiting homelessness among adults, even fewer studies have attempted to identify
these predictors among homeless youth. The current study explored predictors of change in homelessness among 180 homeless
youth between the ages of 14 and 22, recruited through an urban drop-in center. All youth were assessed at baseline, 3 and
6 months. The sample included 118 males and the reported ethnicity included Latino (n = 54), Anglo (n = 73), Native American (n = 24), African American (n = 6) and mixed ethnicity or “other” (n = 23). Four distinct patterns of change in homelessness were identified among youth which included those who (1) had fairly
low rates of homelessness at each follow-up point, (2) started in the mid-range of homelessness, increased at 3 months and
sharply declined at 6-months (MHL), (3) reported high rates of homelessness at baseline and low rates at each follow-up point
(HLL), and finally, (4) remained consistently homeless across time (HMH). These patterns of change were most strongly predicted
by social connections and engagement in HIV risk behaviors. The findings from this study suggest that developing trust and
linkages between homeless youth and service providers may be a more powerful immediate target of intervention than targeting
child abuse issues, substance use and mental health problems.
相似文献
Erin AukwardEmail: |
5.
Jose A. Bauermeister Katherine Elkington Elizabeth Brackis-Cott Curtis Dolezal Claude Ann Mellins 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1110-1122
A large proportion of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children are becoming adolescents and exploring their sexuality. This
study explored the prevalence of sexual behaviors (kissing, touching, engaging in oral sex, or having vaginal/anal intercourse)
in a sample of predominantly ethnic minority youths (N = 339; 54.1% Black and 30.4% Latino; 51% female; ages 9–16) perinatally exposed to HIV (61% HIV+). Using logistic regression,
we tested the association between sexual behavior and HIV status, demographic characteristics, and peer influences regarding
sexual behavior. PHIV youth were less likely to be sexually active. Among sexually active youth, PHIV youth were more likely
to engage in touching behavior than HIV-negative youth and were less likely to engage in penetrative sex. Youths reporting
that a greater number of their peers believed that sexually active boys were “cool” or “popular” were more likely to report
sexual behavior. The association between sexual behavior and peers believing sexually active girls were “cool” or “popular”
varied by age, gender, and HIV status. Furthermore, friends’ sexual activity was associated with sexual intercourse. Prevention
programs should strengthen messages addressing peer norms regarding sexuality, as well as address specific issues related
to adolescent HIV.
相似文献
Claude Ann MellinsEmail: |
6.
Understanding adolescents’ use of ethnic labels is a key developmental issue, particularly given the practical significance
of identity and self-definition in adolescents’ lives. Ethnic labeling was examined among adolescents in the traditional immigrant
receiving area of Los Angeles (Asian n = 258, Latino n = 279) and the non-traditional immigrant receiving area of North Carolina (Asian n = 165, Latino n = 239). Logistic regressions showed that adolescents from different geographic settings use different ethnic labels, with
youth from NC preferring heritage and panethnic labels and youth from LA preferring hyphenated American labels. Second generation
youth were more likely than first generation youth to use hyphenated American labels, and less likely to use heritage or panethnic
labels. Greater ethnic centrality increased the odds of heritage label use, and greater English proficiency increased the
odds of heritage-American label use. These associations significantly mediated the initial effects of setting. Further results
examine ethnic differences as well as links between labels and self-esteem. The discussion highlights implications of ethnic
labeling and context. 相似文献
7.
Scant attention has been given to the consequence of actual weight status for adolescents’ sexual wellbeing. In this article,
we investigate the race-specific connection between obesity and risky sexual behavior among adolescent girls. Propensity scores
and radius matching are used to analyze a sample of 340 adolescents aged 16–17 who participated in the National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth Young Adult Survey in 2000 or 2002. Nearly even numbers of these participants identified as white and black
(183 and 157, respectively). We find that compared to their non-obese white peers, obese white adolescent girls exhibit higher
rates of multiple sex partners and sex with older partners, and are also less likely to use condoms. None of these factors
are significantly related to high BMI within the black sample. These findings indicate that the negative social consequences
of obesity extend beyond future economic and marriage outcomes to adolescent white women’s sexual outcomes. They also highlight
the importance of context: the implications of being obese during adolescence depend on cultural meanings of obesity. 相似文献
8.
Surprisingly little is known about oral sex experiences among emerging adults, including the motives behind their participation
in this sexual activity. The current study examined the characteristics of emerging adults’ most recent oral sex experience.
A total of 431 young people (M age = 21.7 years; 71.7% female) completed an on-line survey assessing their sexual history, context (partner type, co-occurring
sexual behaviors), and motives (physical, emotional, goal attainment, and insecurity) for engaging in their most recent heterosexual
oral sex interaction. The majority of oral sex encounters occurred within the context of a committed relationship and during
an interaction that also included intercourse. Cunnilingus was rare unless reciprocated with fellatio. Overall, both males’
and females’ reports indicate that they were motivated to engage in oral sex by sexual desire and attraction to their partner,
or to enhance an emotional connection with their partner. Insecurity and goal attainment motives were uncommon. Males reported
more physical motives than did females, and females reported more emotional and insecurity motives than did males. The findings
provide insights into youths’ oral sex experiences, and make clear how essential it is to understand the broader sexual and
partnership context in which a given sexual activity occurs. These findings have implications for policies aimed at the development
of effective sexual health education programs. 相似文献
9.
Some Aboriginal youth are at disproportionate risk of using substances and developing abuse and dependence disorders. However,
not all Aboriginal youth misuse substances and limited research has examined the protective factors conferring against substance
use among these youth. The present study aimed to identify protective factors related to the alcohol use trajectories from
early adolescence to emerging adulthood among off-reserve Canadian Aboriginal youth. Participants (N = 330; 50.3% male) aged 12–23 were selected from cycles 2–7 of Statistics Canada’s NLSCY. Multilevel modeling was employed
to identify protective factors for two constructs of alcohol use. Participation in weekly activities and optimism were found
to be protective for both the frequency of alcohol use and heavy drinking trajectories. Attendance of religious services was
also found to be protective for heavy drinking behaviors. In contrast, positive peer relationships were a risk factor for
frequency of alcohol use, but not heavy drinking. The results provide preliminary evidence of important developmental factors
to integrate into substance use intervention programs targeting Aboriginal youth. 相似文献
10.
Early puberty is associated with stressful family environments, early sexual intercourse, and teenage pregnancy. We examined
pubertal timing and sexual debut among the 14-year-old offspring of teenage mothers. Mothers (71% Black, 29% White) were recruited
as pregnant teenagers (12–18 years old). Data were collected during pregnancy and when offspring were 6, 10 and 14 years old
(n = 318). Adolescents (50% male) compared the timing of their pubertal maturation to same-sex peers. There was a significant
3-way interaction effect of race, sex, and pubertal timing on sexual debut (n = 305). This effect remained significant in a model controlling for maternal age at first intercourse, substance use, exposure
to trauma, authoritative parenting, and peer sexual activity (n = 255). Early maturation was associated with early sex in daughters, and may be one pathway for the inter-generational transfer
of risk for teenage pregnancy among daughters of teenage mothers. 相似文献
11.
Needham BL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(2):179-190
Previous research suggests that sexual minority youth have poorer health-related outcomes than their heterosexual peers. The
purpose of this study is to determine whether sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use increase,
decrease, or remain the same during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data are from Waves 1–4 of the National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 8,322; 55% female). Respondents were in grades 7–12 at Wave 1 and aged 24–32 at Wave 4. Latent growth curve modeling is
used to compare the mental health and substance use trajectories of youth who consistently report heterosexual attraction
versus those who consistently report lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) attraction, those who report a transition to LGB attraction,
and those who report a transition to heterosexual attraction. Among women and men, sexual orientation disparities in depressive
symptoms and suicidal thoughts persist, but do not increase, during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The same
pattern is observed for disparities in smoking, heavy drinking, and marijuana use among women. Among men, disparities in substance
use are only observed between those who report consistent heterosexual attraction and those who transition to heterosexual
attraction. Disparities between these groups persist over time for heavy drinking and marijuana use but decrease over time
for smoking. While this study finds evidence of numerous disparities in mental health and substance use outcomes during adolescence
and young adulthood, particularly among young women, there is no indication that these disparities get larger over time. 相似文献
12.
Latinas in the United States are at a disproportionate risk for STDs and sexual risk behaviors. Among Latinas, acculturation
has been found to be one of the most important predictors of these behaviors. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal
association between Latina adolescents’ level of acculturation and multiple sexual risk outcomes, including self-report STD
diagnosis, four or more life-time sex partners, regret of sexual initiation after alcohol use, and lack of condom use during
young adulthood. Based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study includes a nationally
representative sample of 1,073 Latina adolescents (ages 11–20 at Wave 1) transitioning into young adulthood (ages 18–27 at
Wave 3). Our findings indicate that more acculturated Latinas who spoke English at home were more likely to have STDs and
to exhibit sexual risk behaviors than Latinas who were foreign-born and did not use English at home. Interventions that aim
to promote sexual and reproductive health among young Latinas should take into consideration their different levels of acculturation.
This approach holds greater potential for reducing health disparities among Latinas. 相似文献
13.
Joseph G. Kosciw Emily A. Greytak Elizabeth M. Diaz 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):976-988
This study examines how locational (region and locale), community-level (school district poverty and adult educational attainment),
and school district-level (district size and ratios of students to key school personnel) variables are related to indicators
of hostile school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Indicators of hostile climate included
frequency of homophobic remarks and victimization regarding sexual orientation and gender expression. We used data from a
national survey of LGBT secondary school students (N = 5,420; 57.6% female; 65.5% White; mean age = 15.9). Results from regression analyses demonstrated that LGBT youth in rural
communities and communities with lower adult educational attainment may face particularly hostile school climates. School
district characteristics contributed little to the variation in LGBT youth’s experiences. Findings highlight the importance
of considering the multiple contexts that LGBT youth inhabit, particularly as they pertain to educational experiences. 相似文献
14.
Both substance use and obesity are prevalent among youth. As youth age, substance use rates increase and over the past three
decades, obesity rates among youth have tripled. While these two factors have both short- and long-term health impacts, little
research has explored how substance use and obesity among youth may be related. This study explores the bi-directional longitudinal
relationships between substance use and body composition. Participants (N = 704; 50.7% female) were mostly white (86.4%) with
a baseline mean age of 14.7 years. Objectively measured body composition was used to calculate body mass index z-scores (BMI
z-score) and percent body fat. Cross-lagged structural equation models, accounting for clustering at the school level, were
run to determine the longitudinal association between body composition and self-reported substance use (alcohol, cigarette,
and marijuana), adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, pubertal status, and weight satisfaction. Baseline alcohol
use predicted decreased BMI z-score at follow-up and a similar association with percent body fat approached significance.
Baseline cigarette use predicted increased percent body fat. No longitudinal associations were seen between baseline body
composition and future substance use. Our results suggest that substance use contributes to subsequent body composition; however,
body composition does not contribute to subsequent substance use. Continued research that explores these relationships longitudinally
is greatly needed. 相似文献
15.
Evidence suggests that lesbian and gay young adults use substances more frequently than their heterosexual peers. Based on
the life course perspective, we argue that this difference may be due to the unavailability of marriage as a turning point
in the lives of lesbian/gay young adults. We use data from a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 13,581, 52.4% female, 68.6% white, ages 18—26) to examine sexual orientation differences in substance use and explore whether
these differences vary by romantic partnership formation in young adulthood. We find that the formation of more serious partnerships
(e.g., cohabitation, marriage) is associated with less frequent substance use among heterosexual young adults, though this
pattern does not hold for lesbian and gay young adults. We conclude that the partnership options available to lesbians and
gay men do not provide the same health-protective benefits that marriage does for heterosexuals. 相似文献
16.
Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Risks Among Homeless Youth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined prevalence of sexual risks among homeless adolescents and described factors associated with those risks. Community-based outreach methods were used successfully to access this difficult-to-reach population. The sample included 203 homeless youth aged 15–22 recruited from community sites. Questionnaire items addressed demographics, sexual behaviors, alcohol/drug use, STI history and testing, and pregnancy history. In cross-sectional analysis, 58.7% of males and 75.6% of females reported recent sexual intercourse. Of those, one third of males and half of the females used no barrier method with at least one partner. Both gender (female) and race/ethnicity (non-Black) were associated with having intercourse without a barrier contraceptive method. Over one fifth reported a history of survival sex or receiving money, drugs, clothing, shelter, or food for sex. These results show disturbingly high rates of a number of sexual risks, reinforcing the need for targeted interventions with this highly vulnerable population. 相似文献
17.
Tracy M. Scull Janis B. Kupersmidt Alison E. Parker Kristen C. Elmore Jessica W. Benson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):981-998
Two cross-sectional studies investigated media influences on adolescents’ substance use and intentions to use substances in
the context of exposure to parental and peer risk and protective factors. A total of 729 middle school students (n = 351, 59% female in Study 1; n = 378, 43% female in Study 2) completed self-report questionnaires. The sample in Study 1 was primarily African-American
(52%) and the sample in Study 2 was primarily Caucasian (63%). Across the two studies, blocks of media-related cognitions
made unique contributions to the prediction of adolescents’ current substance use and intentions to use substances in the
future above and beyond self-reported peer and parental influences. Specifically, identification with and perceived similarity
to media messages were positively associated with adolescents’ current substance use and intentions to use substances in the
future, and critical thinking about media messages and media message deconstruction skills were negatively associated with
adolescents’ intention to use substances in the future. Further, peer influence variables (e.g., peer pressure, social norms,
peer substance use) acted as risk factors, and for the most part, parental influence variables (e.g., parental pressure to
not use, perceived parental reaction) acted as protective factors. These findings highlight the importance of developing an
increased understanding of the role of media messages and media literacy education in the prevention of substance use behaviors
in adolescence. 相似文献
18.
Youth who are homeless and gay, lesbian or bisexual (GLB) are one of the most disenfranchised and marginalized groups in our
society. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare HIV in GLB homeless youth with their heterosexual counterparts.
Participants for this study included 268 youth involved in treatment outcome studies with substance abusing homeless youth.
Results suggest that GLB youth have greater HIV risks and that these risks are greater among bisexual females. In examining
the predictors of sexual health risks, survival sex emerged as the most significant. Survival sex was high among females regardless
of their sexual orientation and also among gay males. Implications of these findings suggest that a greater emphasis needs
to be paid to preventive interventions among this population.
Rashmi Gangamma is a Ph.D student in the Department of Human Development and Family Science at The Ohio State University. She completed her
Masters in Social Work at Mangalore University, India, and M.Phil in Psychiatric Social Work from the National Institute of
Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Her research interests include qualitative research methodology,
family therapy process and GLBT issues.
Natasha Slesnick, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Human Development and Family Science at the Ohio State University. She received her Ph.D.
in 1996 from the University of New Mexico. Her research and clinical focus is on families and adolescents with issues pertaining
to homelessness, substance use, childhood abuse, depression and high risk behaviors. Her current research projects concentrate
on the development and evaluation of effective interventions for runaway and homeless youth and their families.
Paula Toviessi is a Ph.D candidate in the Department of Human Development and Family Science at The Ohio State University. She completed
her B.S. in Psychology at Norfolk State University and her M.S. in Marriage and Family Therapy at Purdue University, Calumet.
She is currently conducting research on family health and the health decision-making process.
Julianne Serovich, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair in the Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University. She received
her Ph.D. in 1991 from the University of Georgia. Her primary program of research centers on investigating the role of HIV
disclosure to family and friends in reducing sexual risk related behaviors in men and mental health outcomes in women. To
this end she has conducted 3 major studies investigating HIV disclosure behaviors in gay males, and heterosexual males and
females. 相似文献
19.
V. Paul Poteat Dorothy L. Espelage Brian W. Koenig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):952-962
In this study, heterosexual students’ willingness to remain friends with peers who disclose that they are gay or lesbian and
their willingness to attend schools that include gay and lesbian students were examined among two large middle school and
high school samples (Sample 1: n = 20,509; 50.7% girls; Sample 2: n = 16,917; 50.2% girls). Boys were less willing than girls to remain friends or attend schools with gay and lesbian peers,
as were students in earlier grades than were students in later grades. Further, there was small, yet significant, variability
in these scores across schools. Greater racial diversity within the school partially accounted for this school-level variability;
students in more racially diverse schools reported greater willingness to remain friends and attend school with gay and lesbian
peers. Findings suggest that while intervention programs must continue to address blatant and overt physical aggression against
sexual minority youth, there is also a significant need for programming to address the more subtle expressions of sexual prejudice
that contribute to unwelcoming and unsafe school climates. 相似文献
20.
David E. Pollio Sanna J. Thompson Lisa Tobias Donna Reid Edward Spitznagel 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2006,35(5):852-859
This research examined outcomes and use of specific types of services 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months post-discharge for a large sample of runaway/homeless youth using crisis shelter services. Data were collected for 371 runaway/homeless youth using emergency shelter and crisis services at eleven agencies across a four-state midwestern region. Outcomes were assessed for runaway behavior, family relationships, substance use, school behavior, employment, sexual behavior, and self-esteem. Additionally, the impact of services on outcomes was assessed. Findings indicated that although youth achieved a wide variety of positive outcomes 6 weeks post-discharge, there were signs of attenuation of certain outcomes by the 6 month follow-up. Service use after discharge did not demonstrate a strong impact on maintaining outcomes. The substantive findings reported here present encouraging evidence for providers of services for runaway/homeless youth. Crisis shelter services appear to facilitate broad-based short-term gains, but do not appear sufficient to maintain these gains over an extended period. 相似文献