Human Rights – Human Bodies? Some Reflections on Corporate Human Rights Distortion,The Legal Subject, Embodiment and Human Rights Theory

This paper responds to the subversion of international human rights discourse by corporations. It begins by placing such subversion in three contexts: the ascendance of human rights as the dominant discourse of contemporary moral and political life; the emerging challenges to human rights posed by other-than-natural-human entities; and ambiguity in the relationship between the legal subject and the human being. The author suggests that in order to resist corporate human rights distortion it is important to reclaim the language of the human for the natural human being, despite complex philosophical and definitional challenges attending the designation of the term ‘human.’ The author suggests that by re-attending to the implications of human embodiment for human rights theory it might be possible to re-invigorate the protective potential of human rights for vulnerable human beings and communities against powerful disembodied legal persons (corporations).     

国际人权法上的迁徙自由和移徙工人的权利保护--以中国农民工为例

经济全球化促使人们充分享有迁徙自由这项不可剥夺的基本人权的同时,更促成了移徙工人的群体规模,从而使移徙工人权利保护成为国际人权法的一项重要内容。以中国农民工为例,移徙工人在其迁徙地的经济和社会发展中作出了巨大的贡献,但其所应当得到的与其所付出的存在着严重的不均衡态势。从长远来看,必须高度重视人类社会生态链中移徙工人权利保护这一环。     

Suum Cuique Tribuere. Some Reflections on Law,Freedom and Justice

Abstract. Moral and theoretical deficiencies of the main foundation strategies in social and political systems (Social Engineering, Foundationalism and Invisible Hand theories) are explained by the necessity of a synthesis of different kinds of rationality, i.e., goal-rationality, norm-rationality and rightness and weighing rationality. The anthropological basis of the theory is a distinction between homo finalis and homo socialis. At the institutional level, this conception leads to a synthesis of the rule of law and the welfare state. At the political level, this implies a retonsideration of the principles of democracy and political planning.     

Approaching Human Rights Law Philosophically: Reflections on Allen Buchanan,The Heart of Human Rights

Law and Philosophy - I begin by summarizing some of the main features of Buchanan’s account. I argue next that his account gets no support from defeating his envisaged opponent, the Mirroring...     

国际人权公约特点评述

国际人权法的发展正从根本上影响和改变着国际法的性质、内容和结构,并对以国家利益为核心价值的传统国际法提出了严峻的挑战.国际人权公约是国际人权法最主要的渊源,透视国际人权公约的特点,我们可以从中体会到传统国际法正在发生的变化,并由此预见国际法的未来发展趋势.     

国际奥委会知识产权概览

随着我国成功地获得第29届奥林匹克运动会的主办权,与奥运会密切相关的奥林匹克知识产权也逐渐走进人们的视野。以奥林匹克标志使用许可为核心的市场开发和以奥运会广播电视信号许可使用为重点的电视转播,成为奥运会财政收入的两大主要来源。因此,国际奥委会对保护其所享有的知识产权非常重视。本文作者根据其多年的奥运会法律事务工作经验,通过选取几个重点,高屋建瓴、深入浅出地介绍了奥林匹克知识产权的内涵以及奥林匹克知识产权保护背后的一些推理及预期结果。本文译者将其予以翻译,以期对于我国奥林匹克知识产权的保护与发展有所借鉴。     

论作为人权和公民权的表达权

党的十七大报告首次提出保障公民的"表达权"的概念和承诺.表达自由是首要的基本人权和公民权,是公民实现政治参与的前提.其中言论自由是表达自由的核心,是公民参与政治、监督国家、实现当家作主的必由之路,是推进先进思想文化和人类精神境界的动力.新闻自由则是作为人民对政府和公众人物进行舆论监督的镜鉴.而没有出版自由,则其他一切自由都是泡影.论述体现在这三方面的表达自由的理念和规范.     

The Humanization of Consular Law: The Impact of Advisory Opinion No. 16 (1999) of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on International Case-law and Practice

This paper first introduces the process of the humanizationof international law and then analyses one specific aspect ofthis development: the humanization of consular law, with specialreference to the Advisory Opinion No. 16 (1999) of the Inter-AmericanCourt of Human Rights. The paper focuses on three specific points:(1) Consular Law beyond the purely inter-State outlook; (2)the right to information on consular assistance in the frameworkof the guarantees of the due process of law and (3) the humanizationof Consular Law in contemporary international practice.     

文化多样性的主权、人权与私权分析

文化传统保护与文化发展选择是国家文化主权的基本内容;保护文化多样性的权利和自由属于基本人权的范畴;知识产权对文化创造参与者的支持和激励具有重要意义。《文化多样性公约》以主权和人权作为文化多样性保护的基本举措,并以对艺术家的知识产权保护作为补充措施,由此构建了一个保护文化多样性的多元权利形态。     

The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Human Rights Law

Throughout a considerable part of its history, the InternationalCommittee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has customarily refrainedfrom invoking international human rights law, for reason ofthis law's alleged politicisation. However, the changing characterof armed conflicts and other situations of violence where theICRC is currently operating have prompted it to set a frameworkfor making some limited use of selected and applicable humanrights, for the purpose of reinforcing the protection and assistanceit provides. This article examines how the ICRC may use humanrights in this way during armed conflicts, through the prismof international humanitarian law, as well as the conditionsfor their invocation in accordance with relevant ICRC doctrines.     

自由权的受益权功能之省思——以住宅自由的功能为例

住宅自由属于典型的自由权,虽然它也有些许受益权的功能,但并不能从中解读出国家帮助公民获得住宅的义务。自由权的受益权功能理论产生于德国基本法的特定背景之下,并不符合我国宪法的基本权利理论。它混淆了权利与权利的条件,也没有我国宪法文本上的依据。     

"人权"背景下对民诉法修改的几点思考

2004年3月14日,第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过第四次宪法修正案,首次将"人权"概念引入宪法规范,在<中华人民共和国宪法>第二章第三十三条增加一款规定:国家尊重和保护人权.以"人权"人宪作为标志,中国已经在把"人权"从政治概念转化为法律概念的道路上迈出了第一步.     

Balancing Between Human Rights Assumptions and Actual Fundamental Human Rights Safeguards in Building an Area of Freedom,Security and Justice: a Cosmopolitan Perspective

Rhetoric often claims that the European Union (EU), in issues related to Justice and Home Affairs, has to be united in its diversity. As such, the asylum and judicial systems of the Member States are initially perceived as equally good. By applying the cosmopolitan theory on two fields of interstate cooperation, asylum and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, the article explores how cosmopolitan the EU is in these fields, with a specific focus on material detention conditions. For cosmopolitanism to work, it has to be grounded in commonly shared norms, which enable the EU to regulate its dealings with the otherness of the Member States. The crucial role of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in placing boundaries on the equal goodness of the Member States’ asylum and judicial systems is analysed. This judicial reality in which cosmopolitan norms are established and protected is discussed, together with the political realities dominating policy debates in order to build an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.     

以人权促进发展:工具性人权论

人权与发展是当今世界两大议题,而长久以来人权与发展在两条互不搭界的轨道上运行,人权与发展的结合能为人类增添更多福祉。人权是发展的目的,发展是为了扩展人权,这是目的性人权论。而人权必须以经济社会发展为基础,且人权能够促进经济社会发展,因而"以人权促进发展"的工具性人权,是人权最终得以保障的最佳路径。工具性人权有着深厚的法理底蕴、现实基础和规范支撑,人权演进的历史其实就是一部工具性人权的发展史,从古代到现代、从美国到中国的实践经验无不表明人权对发展的重大作用,世界人权宪章等国际规范性文件无不论证着工具性人权的重要价值。     

以基本权利为核心的贸易与人权一元论——评彼德斯曼对贸易与人权关系的理论建构

贸易与人权的关系问题是贸易关联问题研究的重要组成部分。与从国际贸易法和人权法的二元规范关系角度进行探讨有所不同,彼德斯曼的WTO权利宪法论以内涵扩张的基本权利为核心,将其建构为贸易权与其他人权在权利谱系中的一元关系问题。这种一元论依托于实质意义的立宪意义上的宪法观念,即宪法的最优异特征是确认和保障公民的基本权利。一元论在理论上的不足,显现在贸易权的宪法性质不明、公共利益条款的扩大解释自相矛盾、WTO实质宪法的基础规范缺位以及权利谱系欠缺发展权等4个方面。目前在多边贸易体制的国际层面,贸易权与其说是一种基本权利,毋宁说是一种基本权的制度保障。     

Raz on Rights: Human Rights,Fundamental Rights,and Balancing

After clarifying the outlines of Raz's interest theory of rights and its relationship to aspects of the principles theory of rights, I consider how his recent observations on human rights manage to fit (or fail to fit) into the interest theory. I then address two questions. First, I elaborate on Raz's definition of morally fundamental rights, arguing that he is right in claiming that there are no such rights. I then show that the interest theory accommodates the notion that rights may take qualitative precedence over conflicting considerations—a question that has become increasingly relevant in light of recent writing on rights.