主动脉口瓣膜上型狭窄致猝死1例

先天性心脏病可导致儿童急死 ,常见的有房、室间隔缺损 ,动脉导管未闭等。因主动脉口狭窄致儿童急死则少见 ,尤其是瓣上狭窄型更为少见 ,现报告 1例如下。1　案例资料案情简要　某男 ,9岁 ,系一农家儿童。平时身体无异常。1996年 5月 2 1日在学校运动会百米预赛跑至 80m处时 ,突然倒地 ,即送往医院 ,经抢救无效而死亡。尸检　死后约 2 4h尸检。身长 135cm ,营养良好 ,发育正常。尸斑呈暗紫色 ,指压略褪色。尸僵存在于全身各关节。尸表未见损伤及其他异常。解剖颅、胸、腹腔未见异常。各脏器无破裂 ,位置正常。病理学检验　心脏 180g ,体积 1…     

钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄猝死2例

1　案例资料案例 1　宋某 ,男 ,2 8岁 ,某日因琐事与妻子发生争执并被推倒在地 ,扶起后即感憋气、呼吸困难 ,约 15min死亡。死后 10h尸检 :尸长 172cm ,发育正常 ,营养良好 ,尸表及剖验无外伤 ,毒物检验阴性。口唇轻度发绀 ,支气管内有泡沫状分泌物 ,肺瘀血水肿。心脏体积增大 ,心脏重 5 0 2 g ,心外膜下有少量出血点 ,冠状动脉无异常。心房壁厚 0 2cm ,右心室壁厚0 8cm ,左心室壁厚 2cm。房室瓣和肺动脉瓣形态正常。主动脉瓣呈三叶型 ,各瓣叶变短增厚、僵硬 ,瓣叶间粘连 ,瓣膜上有多个大小不等的钙化结节 ,最大 0 8cm× 0 6cm× 0 5cm…     

闭合性胸部外伤致气管狭窄切除评残1例

1案例资料 1．1简要案情 陈某，男，27岁。2007年1月6日骑摩托车会车时，因紧急制动车辆变向，被抛出撞到对面车上后又回摔倒地致伤。先后3次在县、省两级医院住院治疗。     

椎管狭窄法医学伤残评定(附2例报告)

案例资料 例1，伤者陆某，男，42岁。1996年10月18日在纠纷中被人揪住头部旋转并往楼梯台阶上揿，颈部着力。出现颈部肿痛、畸形、活动受限。即日摄CT示C6骨折伴椎弓骨折。四肢肌力无改变，感觉无异常。摄MRI片见第6颈椎垂直压缩性骨折(前缘高度压缩大于1/2)，颈椎管有轻度狭窄。1997年10月31日法医学鉴定时，伤者无明显脊髓受压症状和体征。参照《职工工伤和职业病致残程度鉴定》标准八级26款规定，其C6椎体压缩性骨折(前缘高度大于1/2)的损伤，评定为八级伤残。     

先天性肺动脉狭窄合并动脉导管扩张1例

中心型左右肺动脉狭窄合并动脉导管扩张为一种罕见的先天性心脏病,国内外文献尚未见这种类型先心病发病率统计报道。作者遇到1例新生儿死于该疾病而引发医疗纠纷的案件,报道如下。案例男性新生儿,足月顺产,体重3100g。初生时哭声响亮,自主呼吸,偶有一过性紫绀,心率130次/分,Apgar评分:1min8分,5min10分(依据临床病历资料)。予以吸氧,保温2小时,未见明显异常。后随母返病房约1小时后,面色苍白,鼻腔溢出粉红色液体泡沫,呼吸心跳停止,经抢救无效死亡。临床死亡诊断:先天性心脏疾病?先天性肺发育不良或畸形?颅内出血?先天性代谢疾病?尸检所见:…     

结节型钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄性心脏病猝死1例

1案例资料 1．1简要案情某男,34岁,某日因“咳嗽”于7时许到一无证诊所就诊,9时许服用氨茶碱、复方甘草片、地塞米松（片剂）、咳特灵胶囊、阿莫西林胶囊等药,症状未缓解,10时静脉滴注头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠（剂量及滴速不详）,10min后呼吸困难加重,于转院途中死亡。     

先天性左右冠状动脉口狭窄猝死1例

案情：某男，29岁。因纠纷与人抓扯后倒地死亡。尸体检验：身长165cm。尸斑紫红色，位于身体背后未受压部位。双眼球睑结膜充血，双侧瞳孔散大，直径为7mm。左额部发际前有-2cm×1．5cm的表皮剥脱：右眼下睑有-3．2cm×1．7cm的皮下出血，局部稍肿胀；左耳郭上极有一1cm×0．3cm的表皮剥脱。解剖见：头皮、颅骨及脑组织未见异常：颈、胸、腹浅深肌层及气道未见出血；胸腹腔未见明显积血积液，双肺淤血水肿，切面见泡沫状血性液体流出，心后壁见散在出血点。     

Photoshop软件在法医学鉴定冠脉狭窄中的应用

<正>冠心病猝死(sudden coronary death,SCD)在法医学鉴定中经常遇到,其发生率在猝死案例中约占40%～60%,其中男性明显多于女性,比例约为3～5∶1,男性以30～49岁者居多,女性年龄则较男性晚[1]。SCD的鉴定需要对冠状动脉(以下简称冠脉)狭窄程度进行判断,冠脉狭窄程度以管腔面积的缩小程度来度量,一般分为4级,Ⅰ级为管腔面积缩小1%     

窦房结纤维化及窦房结动脉狭窄致死1例

1案例 某女,42岁,某日在睡眠中猝死。 尸体检验：发育正常,体型偏胖。全身未见任何损伤。双眼睑、球结膜苍白。尸体解剖示心脏质量289g,冠状动脉各分支未见明显狭窄,心脏切面及各瓣膜未见异常。     

椎管狭窄法医学伤残评定(附2例报告)

例 1 ,伤者陆某 ,男 ,4 2岁。 1 996年 1 0月 1 8日在纠纷中被人揪住头部旋转并往楼梯台阶上揿 ,颈部着力。出现颈部肿痛、畸形、活动受限。即日摄ＣＴ示Ｃ6骨折伴椎弓骨折。四肢肌力无改变 ,感觉无异常。摄ＭＲＩ片见第 6颈椎垂直压缩性骨折 (前缘高度压缩大于1 /2 ) ,颈椎管有轻度狭窄。 1 997年 1 0月 31日法医学鉴定时 ,伤者无明显脊髓受压症状和体征。参照《职工工伤和职业病致残程度鉴定》标准八级 2 6款规定 ,其Ｃ6椎体压缩性骨折 (前缘高度大于 1 /2 )的损伤 ,评定为八级伤残。例 2 ,伤者符某 ,女 ,50岁。 1 994年 1 2月 1 5日因高…     

Allele frequencies for 27 Y-STR loci with U.S. Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic samples

A total of 263 U.S. Caucasians, 260 African Americans and 140 U.S. Hispanics or a subset of 31 Caucasians, 32 African Americans, and 32 Hispanics were typed for 27 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers: DYS444, DYS446, DYS449, DYS463, DYS485, DYS490, DYS495, DYS504, DYS505, DYS508, DYS520, DYS522, DYS525, DYS532, DYS533, DYS534, DYS540, DYS556, DYS557, DYS570, DYS575, DYS576, DYS594, DYS632, DYS635, DYS641, and DYS643. Allele frequencies for each locus are reported along with nomenclature based on sequence analysis.     

BOOK REVIEW DEPARTMENT

Books reviewed in this article:
THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS, Second Edition ROBERT N. CORLEY and ROBERT L. BLACK, New York, N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1968, pp. 762, §9.95.
THE END OF OBSCENITY CHARLES REMBAR, New York, Random House, 1968, pp. 528, §8.95.
EMORY BUCKNER MARTIN MAYER, New York, Harper & Row, 1968, pp. 293, §7.95.
LAWYERS' ETHICS: A SURVEY OF THE NEW YORK CITY BAR JEROME E. CARLIN, New York, Russell Sage Foundation, 1966, xxix, pp. 267, §6.95.
DECADE OF DECISION G. THEODORE MITAU, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967, pp. 234, §5.95.
THE SUPREME COURT FROM TAFT TO WARREN ALPHEUS THOMAS MASON, Baton Rouge, La., Louisiana State University Press, 1968, pp. 282, §6.95.     

Testing and evaluation of 43 "noncore" Y chromosome markers for forensic casework applications

A developmental validation study was performed on three Y-STR multiplex systems, Multiplex III (MPIII), Multiplex IV (MPIV), and Multiplex V (MPV), to ascertain their potential applicability to forensic casework. MPIII contains eight Y-STRs, including DYS426, DYS435, DYS436, DYS441, DYS442, DYS446, DYS462, and Y-GATA-A10, and one InDel, YAP (DYS287). MPIV contains 21 Y-STR loci, including DYS443, DYS444, DYS445, DYS447, DYS448, DYS449, DYS452, DYS453, DYS454, DYS455, DYS456, DYS458, DYS463, DYS464, DYS468, DYS484, DYS522, DYS527, DYS531 DYS557, and DYS588. MPV contains 13 Y-STR loci, including DYS459, DYS476, DYS488, DYS513, DYS549, DYS561, DYS570, DYS575, DYS576, DYS590, DYS594, DYS598, and DYS607. Full genetic profiles were consistently obtained for all three multiplexes with 25-50 pg of male DNA. No significant amplification was observed with 1 mug of female DNA. Each multiplex permitted the determination of the number of male donors in male:male DNA admixtures. Species specificity studies demonstrated some cross-reactivity with some primate samples. Environmentally compromised blood samples produced full or partial profiles after exposure to various conditions for up to 1 year. Full profiles were recovered from simulated casework specimens including cigarette butts and postcoital cervicovaginal swabs. Population data were collected to determine individual loci gene diversity and multiplex discriminatory capacity.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
The Law of Energy for Sustainable Development , edited by Adrian J. Bradbrook, Rosemary Lyster, Richard Ottinger and Wang Xi , published by Cambridge University Press, 2005, 630pp, £75.00, hardback.
Fresh Water and International Economic Law , edited by Edith Brown Weiss, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Nathalie Bernasconi-Osterwalder , published by Oxford University Press, 2005, 506pp, £70.00, hardback.
Handbook of Global Environmental Politics , edited by Peter Dauvergne , published by Edward Elgar, 2005, 560pp, £125.00, hardback.
Emerging Forces in Environmental Governance , edited by Norichika Kanie and Peter M. Haas , published by United Nations University Press, 2004, 320pp, US$36.00, paperback.
Economic Globalization and Compliance with International Environmental Agreements edited by Alexandre Kiss, Dinah Shelton and Kanami Ishibashi , published by Kluwer Law International, 2003, 352pp, £85.00, hardback.
German Environmental Law for Practitioners , edited by Horst Schlemminger and Claus-Peter Martens , 2nd edition, published by Kluwer Law International, 2004, 833pp, £119.25, hardback.
The International Climate Change Regime: A Guide to Rules, Institutions and Procedures , Farhana Yamin and Joanna Depledge , published by Cambridge University Press, 2004, 730pp, £40.00, paperback.     

Validation of a multiplex amplification system of 19 autosomal STRs and 27 Y-STRs

This article describes a newly devised autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for 19 autosomal loci (D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D2S1338, D21S11, D3S1358, D5S818, D6S1043, D7S820, D8S1179, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, Penta D and Penta E), 27 Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS449, DYS456, DYS458, DYS460, DYS481, DYS518, DYS533, DYS570, DYS576, DYS635, DYS627, YGATAH4 and DYF387S1) and amelogenin with six-colour fluorescent labelling. Various parameters were evaluated, such as its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, stability, ability to analysis of mixtures and effects of changes in the PCR-based procedures. All of the 47 selected STR loci were accurately and robustly amplified from 282 bloodstain samples. The species-specificity was high and some ability to inhibit Hematin was identified. The lowest detectable DNA amount was ≥0.125 ng. All of the male loci of the secondary component were revealed precisely when the control DNA was mixed at male/female and male/male ratios of 1:4 or more. We conclude that the present 19-plex autosomal STR and 27 Y-STR assay is both accurate and sensitive. It constitutes an additional powerful tool for forensic applications.     

Postmortem biochemical changes in canine blood

Antemortem and postmortem blood samples from 60 dogs were evaluated for sodium, chloride, potassium, urea nitrogen, glucose, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and carbon dioxide levels. Temperatures were 4, 20 and 37 degrees C. Postmortem intervals were 3, 6, 12, and 48 h. Blood urea nitrogen, calcium, and protein values remained stable after death, indicating diagnostic significance. Potassium, creatinine, and phosphorus levels increased with time and sodium, chloride, and total carbon dioxide levels decreased with time; therefore, determining these chemical values could be beneficial in estimating time of death. Glucose values were of limited value.     

Genetic data on 19 STR loci in south-east Poland

Allele frequencies for the 19 STRs loci, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, F13A01, F13B, FESFPS, FGA, LPL, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX and VWA were obtained from a sample of 203-1188 unrelated individuals living in the area of south-east Poland.     

小鼠皮肤损伤后时序芯片数据分析及关键基因的筛选

目的 应用生物信息学方法对皮肤损伤后不同时间点的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行分析,为法医学皮肤损伤时间推断(wound age estimation)提供理论依据.方法 从基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)下载基因芯...     

Y chromosomal STR haplotypes in the northeastern China Han population

Haplotype frequencies of 20 Y chromosome STR loci, DYS19, DYS385 (a/b), DYS389 (I, II), DYS390, DYS391, DYS393, DYS434, DYS435, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS441, DYS442, DYS444, DYS445, DYS446, DYS452 and DYS456 were determined from a sample of 122 unrelated males in the northeastern China Han populations.     

Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR in Chinese Salar ethnic minority group

Allele frequency data for 15 STR loci, namely D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA, were obtained from a sample of 258 healthy unrelated individuals of Salar population in China. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After comparing, significant differences were found between the Salar and Miao, Uigur, Han, Korean, Belgian, Byelorussian population at some loci. The results demonstrate that the loci are useful for forensic human identification and parentage testing.