区域合作中文化因素的建构主义分析

伴随着全球化的迅猛发展而兴起的地区合作已成为当今世界发展的一个重要趋势。本文主要运用建构主义的研究方法,从文化的视角探讨了在国家层次上民族文化对地区合作的影响路径,以及在地区层次上比较分析了同质文化与异质文化对地区合作所产生的不同作用。在此基础上提出了地区跨文化认同是地区合作发展和深化的基础和潜在动力的结论,并就建立地区跨文化认同的必要性和可能性进行了分析。     

Violent Crime and Capital Market Punishment: How Violent Crime Affects the Supply of Debt to Municipal Mexico

Research shows that violent and organized crime reduces foreign direct investment and that armed conflict lowers sovereign credit ratings. Building on these insights, I argue that violent crime reduces financial institutions’ confidence in the capacity of governments to repay loans, raising the costs attached to loans, and reducing government debt through a “supply-side” logic. Yet, this logic is difficult to test. Governments can render lenders indifferent to violent crime by accepting higher borrowing costs, resulting in no observed relationship between them. It is for this reason that analysis of the effect of violent crime on government credit ratings alone cannot tell us much about its effect on actual government debt. In this study, I explain how analysis of subnational debt from welfare-minded public banks and profit-minded private lenders can distinguish the supply-side logic from the null hypothesis. Cross-sectional time-series analysis of homicide rates and municipal debt in Mexico demonstrates support for the supply-side logic. Evidence of the supply-side logic reveals that those governments most in need of cost-efficient financing are most likely to be charged higher prices for it or priced out of capital markets altogether, signaling the need for market intervention in these cases.     

Mentoring in Relation to Violent Extremism: A Study of Role,Purpose, and Outcomes

This article presents the key findings of an evaluation of a mentoring scheme being implemented for individuals deemed vulnerable to violent extremism in the West Midlands region in the United Kingdom. The key findings of this study are, firstly, that mentoring around violent extremism carries distinctive features, and can be distinguished from mentoring in other areas of criminal behavior or in drug/alcohol use. Secondly, there is ongoing debate around what the purposes of mentoring are; crystallizing around the key question of whether mentoring in the area of violent extremism is about changing beliefs or changing behavior, or both; therefore, how to measure success? The article examines the different theoretical fields in relation to de-radicalization, disengagement, desistance, and debiasing in order to situate the article's findings in a broader body of work. This article also links individual mentoring to the notion of community, for it is important to consider the individual who is being mentored in relation to the broader set of communities that they belong to or associate with. Here, it is stressed that in the United Kingdom there are significant tensions between approaches that emphasize community cohesion, and those that emphasze liberal freedoms associated with liberal democracy, particularly in relation to Al Qaeda–linked extremism.     

Regeneration,partnerships and communities: Towards an ideology for the third way

Government by Consent: The Principle and Practice of Accountability in Local Government, Margaret Simey, Bedford Square Press, pp. 53, £2.95.

Local Democracies: A Study in Comparative Local Government, Margaret Bowman and William Hampton (eds), Longman, Cheshire, 1983, pp. 207, £6.95 paperback.

Fiscal Tiers: the Economics of Multilevel Government, David King, George Allen and Unwin in association with The Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations, The Australian National University, 1984, pp. vii + 326. No price given.

Fiscal Decentralisation, Thomas Wilson (ed.), Anglo‐German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society, 1984, pp. vii + 197, £8,80.

Community Action for Change, Ray Lees and Majorie Mayo, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984, pp. 208, £6.95 paperback.

Women's Committees: A Study of Gender and Local Policy Formulation, Working Paper no. 45, S. Button, School for Advanced Urban Studies, University of Bristol, 1984, pp. 110, £4.20 paperback.

The Idea of Neighbourhood, What Local Politics Should be about, J. Seabrook, Pluto Press, 1984, pp. 147, £3.95 paperback.     

非洲"向东看":中国面临的机遇和挑战

进入新世纪,非洲国家纷纷提出"向东看"口号,积极发展与中国、印度、日本、韩国及东盟等亚洲国家的关系,尤其注重加强同中国的经贸联系,学习中国的经济发展模式,这既给中国加速国内经济发展、巩固和加强中非友好合作关系及提升中国国际地位带来重大机遇,又给中国的外交环境特别是中国的大国外交带来诸多挑战。     

论政治学的“科学性”问题——对亚里士多德政治学的一个研究

亚里士多德虽然把政治学列为"科学"之一,但其"实践科学"的特性,使之对个别性、偶然性保留了更为开放的态度,并且把超越理性的慎思明断作为政治教育的终极目标。在亚里士多德的意义上说,近代以来政治学的"科学化"实际上是一种使其"形而上学"化的历程,它在追求普遍性和确定性的同时,极大地限制了政治学的视野;在使政治学技术化的同时,忽略了政治智慧的意义。要克服当下政治学研究中的缺欠,就有必要在某种意义上回归到亚里士多德。     

从“协调员”到“指挥员”——欧盟在移民政策一体化中的角色转换

2008年10月16日,欧盟27国首脑会议批准了《欧洲移民与难民庇护公约》,这标志着欧盟在统一的移民政策道路上又迈出了一大步。近年来,特别是2004年欧盟大规模东扩后,从经济欠发达的新成员国和周边亚非地区大批劳动力涌入欧盟老成员国,非法移民大量涌现,移民犯罪日益猖獗,由此所造成的“移民失控”局面使各成员国无力招架,     

Progrssive Regrimes, Partnerships and the Involvement of Local Communities: A Framework for Evaluation

This paper examines the nature of community involvement in urban politics as it is played out through regeneration partnerships. At a theoretical level, it explores the potential for a community dimension to local governance, that is, a strategic influence for communities within local power structures. It is argued that the nature of involvement can be explicated by considering three concepts: power (as expressed by urban regime theory), participation and partnership. The paper explores these three broad themes and then focuses on the particular issues pertaining to community involvement in partnership working. Building on this frame-work, the paper develops a model – a 'wheel of involvement'– for analysing the effectiveness of community involvement in regeneration partnerships. This model enables the effectiveness of involvement to be 'quantified by the use of a simple questionnaire survey. It provides a tool for academic researchers and practitioners concerned with evaluating partnerships to begin to explore the quality and level of community involvement in the process of urban renewal. The results of an analysis of two regeneration partnerships are presented as an illustration of the efficacy of the evaluative technique.     

Towards an Explanation of Intercommunal Peace in Kabardino-Balkaria: Post-War Nationalities Policy and Late Soviet Society in the North Caucasus

Abstract

This essay examines socio-economic processes during the Soviet period to help explain the causes of peace and conflict in the post-Soviet North Caucasus. It argues that the absence of an ethnically stratified social structure in Kabardino-Balkaria is one of the reasons why this republic enjoyed relative intercommunal peace and stability in the 1990s and early 2000s. By contrast, the surrounding national republics of the North Caucasus that came out of the Soviet era with socio-economic disparities along ethnic lines witnessed higher levels of intercommunal conflict. This essay looks to the understudied topic of post-World War II and late Soviet nationalities policies to explain Kabardino-Balkaria’s divergent historical trajectory.     

The Radical Group in Context: 1. An Integrated Framework for the Analysis of Group Risk for Terrorism

On the basis of a systematic expert knowledge acquisition process, a framework has been developed that takes into account critical variables--internal and external, as well as interactions between them and the group under examination--that are understood to increase risk for escalation toward political violence. The indicators identified are grouped within four conceptual categories: (1) External factors, including historical, cultural, and contextual features; (2) Key actors affecting the group, including the regime and other opponents, as well as Constituents and Supporters; (3) The Group/Organization: Characteristics, Processes, and Structures, including an examination of such factors as leadership style and decision making, group experience with violence, and group ideology and goals; and (4) Characteristics of the Immediate Situation, including Triggering Events. A total of 32 variables were identified within the 4 categories to establish the overall integrated framework. This framework provides the basis for the rigorous analysis of a radical group's risk for terrorism.     

The "other diseases" of the Millennium Development Goals: rhetoric and reality of free drug distribution to cure the poor's parasites

The sixth MDG aims 'to combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and other diseases'. The residual category of 'other diseases' has become the focus of intense interest, partly because it has provided an opportunity to increase resources for the control of the mostly parasitic 'neglected tropical diseases' (NTDs). Intense lobbying has secured large amounts of funding from donors, as well as generous donations of medicines from the major drug companies. A massive programme is now underway to treat the parasites of the poor in Africa via integrated vertical interventions of mass drug administration in endemic areas. The approach has been hailed as remarkably effective, with claims that there is now a real prospect of complete control and, for some NTDs, even elimination. However, a closer look at evaluation and research data reveals that much less is known about what is being achieved than is suggested. Competition between implementing organisations is leading to potentially counterproductive exaggerations about treatment coverage. Detailed local-level research in Uganda and Tanzania shows that actual rates of drug take-up among target populations are often lower than is necessary to effectively control the diseases, and that methods of drug distribution may even lead to active resistance to treatment. If current trends are not corrected, declining rates of NTD infection will not be sustained. Much more rigorous and effective monitoring is essential.     

Proving the Potential of Independent Commissions: A Critical Review of the Richard Commission on the Powers and Electoral Arrangements of the National Assembly for Wales

This article examines the composition, operation and recommendations of an independent commission, the Richard Commission on the Powers and Electoral Arrangements of the National Assembly for Wales, which was set up in July 2002 and reported in March 2004. It is written from an insider's perspective (I served as a member of the Commission) and discusses the way in which the Commission functioned, its deliberations and its report, emphasizing the unprecedented nature of its evaluation of Welsh politics and public administration. The article highlights the lasting significance of the Richard Commission report, not only in Wales, but for future governance arrangements across the United Kingdom as a whole. It considers more generally the functions of commissions and suggests a continued role for them in assisting the various activities of government.     

借力借势,合作共赢——"新兴大国与全球治理"国际研讨会纪要

2010年9月14-15日,中国当代世界研究中心和德国卢森堡基金会在京联合举办了＂新兴大国与全球治理＂国际研讨会,来自德国、荷兰、印度、俄罗斯、巴西、印度尼西亚以及中国社会科学院、北京大学、现代国际关系研究院、中国国际问题研究所等近40位学者政要与会,就大国崛起的经验教训、金融危机后新兴大国的发展走势、新兴大国合作的现状与前景及新兴大国与国际新秩序等议题展开了热烈讨论。