Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin--phase 2

Abstract: Bite Marks: This study demonstrated that surface wetness was the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin. Also, chemical depilatories and shaving creams were to be avoided when cleaning the skin. The second phase of this research examines the tensile stress needed to rupture the bond between TAK^® hydroplastic, three new cyanoacrylates, and pigskin with particular consideration for temperature variations. This study also considers solubility issues of different cyanoacrylates in 10% formalin. Finally, the Dorion Type V bitemark excision technique could significantly reduce the risks of tissue distortion when used in conjunction with the following methods and materials. The skin should be devoid of moisture, razor shaved, and cleaned with dishwashing detergent and 98.9% ethanol while avoiding the use of shaving creams and/or chemical depilatories where ring placement is anticipated. The use of unopened cyanoacrylate is encouraged with Permabond^® as the cyanoacrylate of choice.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin-phase 1

Abstract: Unsupported excised skin may shrink by as much as 50% or more. In 1981, a method was developed for ring adhesion to skin with the goal of minimizing tissue distortion upon excision. Five modified versions of the technique bearing the author’s name followed (Dorion types I, II, III, IV, and V). The scientific literature reveals little supporting empirical evidence for the preferential use of one adhesive/suturing technique over another. This study compares the use of various bonding materials (Loctite Super Glue gel^®, Dermabond?, Vetbond?), cleaning agents (ethanol, dishwashing liquid, and shaving cream), and depilatory (Veet^®) on the effects of ring adhesion to skin. The conclusions indicate that surface wetness is the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin, followed by the type of bonding material, its “freshness,” and by the cleaning agent used to prepare the skin. The use of a depilatory or shaving cream is to be avoided.     

Naked foot marks — A preliminary study of identification factors

Footprints of 725 apparently healthy subjects (395 males and 330 females) between the ages of 18 and 30 years were obtained. A number of measurements were taken on each footprint and converted into suitable indices to overcome the problems of registration, recording and observation.Minimum and maximum probability values for each index and combined probabilities were calculated. From the data, it was found that the maximum combined frequency of an individual in the population was of the order of 10^?4 and the minimum combined frequency was several orders of magnitude less. These probability figures do not take into consideration crease marks and other characteristic features. Thus the present study indicates that combined probabilities could provide reasonably reliable circumstantial evidence to link the criminal with the crime.Humps and creases, which often confer individuality on a print, form additional features of the study.     

Homicidal Snake Bite in Children

Snake bites are common in many regions of the world. Snake envenomation is relatively uncommon in Egypt; such unfortunate events usually attract much publicity. Snake bite is almost only accidental, occurring in urban areas and desert. Few cases were reported to commit suicide by snake. Homicidal snake poisoning is so rare. It was known in ancient world by executing capital punishment by throwing the victim into a pit full of snakes. Another way was to ask the victim to put his hand inside a small basket harboring a deadly snake. Killing a victim by direct snake bite is so rare. There was one reported case where an old couple was killed by snake bite. Here is the first reported case of killing three children by snake bite. It appeared that the diagnosis of such cases is so difficult and depended mainly on the circumstantial evidences.     

Bite the Bullet

This paper discusses the Fedon case‐law of the European Court of Justice (Court of Justice), which involved a claim for compensation by Fedon (an Italian producer of eyeglass cases) from the EU for the imposition of World Trade Organization (WTO)‐authorised retaliatory trade barriers by the USA following the failure by the EU to comply with an adverse ruling by the WTO regarding its import regime for bananas. As a result of the EU non‐compliance, European banana distributors and some bananas producers benefited from WTO‐illegal protection, at the expense of a set of EU exporters, including Fedon, that were hit by US countermeasures. Fedon contested the non‐compliance by the EU before the Court of Justice and sought compensation. This paper assesses the ruling of the Court of Justice against Fedon and argues that the Court got it wrong, both in terms of legal principle and as a matter of legal technicalities.     

Bite mark lesions in human skin

Bite marks in human skin may be found to have been so forcefully made that the skin surface has been disrupted; the marks have become skin lesions. In the following, a case is reported in which such lesions were found on the back of a victim of assault. The dental examiners found it necessary to arrange for a series of simulated bites to be made in order to obtain adequate material for comparison.     

Double ricochet marks

When bullets are flying stably and ricochet on a surface, only one mark is produced. In contrast yawing bullets can produce a double mark if the angle of incidence is sufficiently small (less than or equal to 5 degrees). Distances up to 15 cm were seen between the two marks.     

利用工具破坏客体的“伴随痕迹”确定案件性质

目的通过3个案例的检验,提出了“伴随痕迹”概念,并利用“伴随痕迹”挖掘破案信息和思路。方法常规痕迹分析方法。结论犯罪现场,有时工具未接触到的地方也会由于客体结构等原因形成痕迹,认识这种“伴随痕迹”对分析案件有帮助。     

Establishing a family of marks

In opposition proceedings, a family of HOG-based trade markswas successfully established on the record and found to be sufficientbasis to support an opposition against applications to registerDIRT HAWG and WATER HAWG.     

Trade marks plus? the role of trade marks in the global economy and the danger of over-protection

This article examines the economic role of the trade mark, both as a structuring device and as a means of adding value to products. It shows how its role as a flexible structuring device that provides a distinct focus for goodwill derives from the special meaning of the term “origin” or “trade origin” in trade mark law, this being what a trade mark is supposed to indicate. Firms can control the identity that a trade mark signifies and confers on the products with which it is used without being tied to any particular set of production arrangements. This article also considers how goodwill can be a source of economic benefit both through reducing transaction costs and, in some cases, through adding value to products. This article then examines the economic rationale for the legal protection of trade marks and shows how this is analogous to the rationale for awarding property rights over tangible resources and different from that for other forms of intellectual property right. The pressure to expand the legal protection of stronger trade marks is explored and it is accepted that there is an economic case for doing so. However, it is argued that the additional protection must be carefully calibrated through definitions that take account of its economic rationale and avoid the danger of over-extending it. In particular, this danger of over-protection arises from making a false analogy between stronger trade marks and the kind of intangible output that is the subject of the other forms of intellectual property right.     

Note on fabric marks in motor vehicle collisions

Two cases are described where motor vehicle accidents lead to fabric weave impressions and fibres being transferred to the paintwork of vehicles from the clothes of the victims.     

Spanish court rules in 'Accessorize' trade marks case

The Barcelona Court of First Instance No. 1 found in favourof the claimants, owners of the famous registered trade mark‘Accessorize’ in their action for trade mark infringement,trade mark cancellation, unfair competition, and damages inrespect of the use by the defendants of the Accessori, Mr Accessoriand Accessori trade marks.     

头颅放射影像资料的同一认定

利用放射影像资料进行法医临床学鉴定案例越来越多。同一认定常使用的标志包括牙齿、头颅、脊柱等相关特征结构。头颅放射影像资料,包括X片及CT片中的额窦、乳突、蝶鞍、颅缝及其他结构均可作为同一认定的标志。目前,我国法医放射学尚属起步阶段,应加强此方面的研究。     

Unusual chamber marks on plastic shells

Chamber marks alone can serve for identification. It has been observed that these marks are more clearly imprinted on plastic shells fired through homemade crude weapons. The importance of these marks is crucial when other conventional marks are absent. In the present communication, principles of identification are briefly discussed along with the factors affecting the conventional marks. One such actual case is cited.     

不同类型线缆剪剪切痕迹的区别

目的　研究三种类型线缆剪剪切线缆的痕迹差异 ;　方法　观察、归纳三种线缆剪形痕的宏观、微观痕迹反映形态 ;　结论　可以根据断头的整体形态、线条流向、弧度、立顶形态和顿剪痕迹等来分析线缆剪的种类。     

法庭科学痕迹检验实验室质量控制的现状及进展

痕迹检验实验室作为法庭科学实验室的重要组成部分,其质量控制活动在遵循普遍原则的基础上,根据自身专业特性,在质量控制方法选择及活动实施上有所侧重.本文在调研国内外关于痕迹检验实验室质量控制研究与实践的基础上,从结果质量控制、人员资格和培训、方法确认、记录、结果报告、出庭等方面对痕迹检验实验室质量控制要求及现状进行综述,旨在探索痕迹检验实验室的质量控制关键技术,尽快建立国内痕迹检验实验室质量控制规范.