Young People and Prostitution: Perpetrators in Our Midst

Involvement of young people in prostitution has been an increasingly familiar phenomenon in recent years. This article explores some of the matters related to it during those years. First, it reviews what has been happening during the 1990s. Second, it demonstrates, via a recent case study, some of the issues, debates and controversies that are related to youth prostitution. Third, it examines the latest developments in the United Kingdom before considering some of the international developments and implications for those involved in youth prostitution. Finally, some of the effects of 'new technologies' are considered while contemplating what remains to be done about the battle to combat youth prostitution.     

Restorative Justice: The Ideals and Realities of Conferencing for Young People

This paper is concerned with the nature and complexities of restorative justice. It uses Braithwaite’s (Br J Criminol 42:563–577, 2002a) framework of constraining, maximising and emerging restorative standards to understand the interactions that underpin success and failure in practice, i.e., ‘restorativeness’. Using qualitative data from observations of youth justice conferences in New South Wales, Australia, the roles of empowerment (as an example of a constraining standard), restoration of communities (as an example of a maximising standard) and remorse over injustice (as an example of an emergent standard) are examined. Findings confirm that restorative justice is best conceived as a continuum of dynamic process and outcome related values. Non-domination is paramount to achieving restorative justice. However, the presence, absence, and nature of other values such as storytelling, respectful listening, victim and support attendance, and apology are also important. They affect where a restorative event falls on the restorative continuum, and they affect the likelihood of other standards being met.     

Young People,Antisocial Behavior and Unemployment: Toward a Trans-Disciplinary Analysis of Criminalization

Critical Criminology - This article considers the diverse use of the concept of criminalization in criminological and socio-legal analyses, the meanings attached to it, and the differentiated modes...     

Children and Young People in Conflict with the Law: Asking the Hard Questions

Shocking crimes elicit calls to “get tough” on youth offenders, but knee‐jerk responses are inappropriate and potentially dangerous. Although accountability and deterrence are important, rehabilitation is vital for young people who are more likely to benefit from such measures than their adult counterparts. However, balancing these factors raises a number of hard questions. For example, at what age should children be held criminally responsible for their actions, what is the correct role of welfare assistance in the process, and to what extent should state power to deal with child offending be transferred to families, victims, and communities? In assessing eight of these “hard questions,” this paper calls for a principled approach to the treatment of child and youth offenders in line with international human rights instruments.     

网络空间的政治架构——评劳伦斯·莱斯格《代码及网络空间的其他法律》

随着网络技术的兴起,自由主义者觉得现实中既有的制度空间依旧无法承载人们的自由梦想,开始转而把因特网视为寄情自由的理想之所,在网络空间中想象、构筑、憧憬一种无拘无束的自由。然而,现实却告诉我们,如果相关的法律制度和宪法结构不作出与自由所需的技术条件相一致的变革的话,那么,     

传统戏曲艺术网络留存的二律背反及其生存策略

互联网技术似乎让传统戏曲艺术获得了新生的土壤,然而现实却是,信息时代背景下传统戏曲艺术不仅没有被发扬光大,相反其文本被湮没在互联网的海量信息之中,在与其他文化的竞争中表现出二律背反的尴尬生存境地。研究指出,互联网技术只是传统戏曲在新文化背景下新生的充分条件,而必要条件是激发网民对戏曲及其延伸产品的兴趣。我们一方面需要深入理解互联网技术所带来的革命性变化,以推动传统戏曲的互联网生存;另一方面需要转换文化保护与传承的理念与思路,使传统戏曲在获得静态保护的同时,能够适应社会文化和媒介生态,并激发社会民众的真正需求,进而得到活的发展。     

Children and Young People who have Sexually Harmful Behaviours: From Fixed to Transformative Risk Assessment

Risk, risk assessment and risk management have become central to contemporary policies and practices in criminal justice, with consequences for those who apply and receive such approaches. It has been argued that risk has been the key organising principle of contemporary correctional practice and offender management, and that actuarial risk in particular has taken on a hegemonic dominance that supersedes other models of governance, such as welfare and disciplinary forms of regulation. This article focuses on the construction and deployment of two assessment frameworks for young people with sexually harmful behaviour to illustrate the epistemological differences between a clinical/actuarial guided approach and that of constructing safety. It identifies current theorising about risk/technologies as being within a neo-liberal political and governance agenda and the opportunities for moving from a fixed to a transformative risk subject.

Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People*

Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. We present two fatal cases of hidden pneumonia in young people and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS with reference to the histological pattern. A complete forensic approach by means of autopsy and histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological, examination was carried out. In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study.     

Why Listening to Children and Young People is Important in Family Justice

During the last 30 years, there has been a growing body of evidence indicating that children and young people often feel marginalized when their parents are making critical decisions that will shape their young lives, and they are calling for family justice professionals to hear their voices. This article explores the research evidence, examines the relevant theories about child development, and demonstrates how a focus on age‐related competency fails to take account of children's subjective meanings about their lives. The authors consider a model of participation first designed to understand adult participation in government and show how this can be usefully applied to understanding children's participation in family justice.     

Observer Sensitivity and Early Radicalization to Violence Among Young People in Germany

Social Justice Research - Personal sensitivity to injustice from either a victim or an observer perspective shapes political attitudes and actions. Yet, little is known about the link between...     

美国网络案件管辖权初探

阐明美国传统管辖理论 ,分析美国法院将此理论应用于网络案件 ,并在实践中发展了三类网络案件管辖标准。最后 ,分析不方便法院如何解决网络案件管辖的不公 ,保护被告的权益。     

互联网与公共领域:西方经验与中国语境

在详细回顾公共领域这一概念的起源、发展、特征等基础上,梳理了国内外学者对互联网是否促成公共领域这一问题的争论。研究认为,互联网的开放性、及时性、交互性、低成本和去中心化等特征有利于人们自由发言和自主讨论,但当前国内网络空间中依然存在的数字鸿沟、群体极化、网络暴力、娱乐肤浅等乱象并不符合哈贝马斯提出的地位平等、理性商议等构成公共领域的要件。文章指出,在将公共领域理论移植到中国时,需要考虑具体的国情和体制,机械照搬西方学者的理论要避免削足适履的问题。