“三治合一”乡村治理体系下的“富人治村”现象分析

21世纪初以来,"富人治村"现象不断涌现。在市场经济条件下,富人通过村民委员会选举进入村庄权力网络具有一定的必然性。在治理村庄过程中,这些富人的目标和行为存在很大差异,对新时代自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系产生了复杂的影响。一些富人依法竞取村庄核心权力并改变了村庄面貌,但也有一些富人当选村干部后大权独揽、以权谋私,与"三治合一"乡村治理体系相背离。乡村治理体系现代化是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础工程,应使"富人治村"与"三治合一"的乡村治理体系相契合,引导富人村干部成为乡村振兴的积极推动力量。     

政治生态视阈下村级腐败治理的经验与启示

<正>村干部手中的权力是一把"双刃剑",既可成为带领村民致富的工具,也可能成为获利掠富的手段。为了治理村干部腐败,全国各地开展了很多实践探索,包括建立村务监督机构的制度安排、"村财乡管"的制度创新、规范村干部"小微权力"的制度探索、村级设立纪检委员的治理实践,其本质都是对村干部权力形成监督和制约。然而,村干部权力集中与村民的民主"无意识"使     

村庄精英权力再生产:动力、策略及其效应

村庄精英的权力再生产问题是观察与理解中国村庄治理的一个重要视角。村庄精英的权力再生产行为具有三重动力,即客观环境的机遇与压力、利益驱动的"理性人"特征、权力自身维持与强化的本能。村庄精英权力再生产的策略选择比较复杂,可以从村庄体制内精英与村庄体制外精英的两个角度进行分析。村庄精英的权力再生产对于村庄权力结构、村民自治制度与村庄秩序构建,都具有一定的影响效应。     

村干部竞选者的竞选动机及特点——基于需求ERG理论的实证研究

基于需求ERG理论与适应性行为理论,研究讨论了我国现阶段参与村干部选举中的竞选者动机,并根据事实驱动的研究策略,构建了参与村干部竞选的竞选动机量表,分析了现阶段我国村干部竞选者的竞选动机特征.研究表明,村干部竞选者参与竞选主要包括社会关系、经济收入、权力权利、公共服务和跟风盲从等五种动机.研究发现,从村干部竞选者整体来看,最重要竞选动机是对社会关系的追求,其次是对经济收入和权力权利的追求,对公共服务和对跟风盲从的追求显著低于前三者;从村干部竞选者个体来看,基于性别、年龄、教育、收入、工作经历等不同的需求各异的竞选者竞选动机各有不同.研究丰富了我们对村民自治参与的认识、农民政治参与的认识,为村庄选举制度的完善提供了理论依据.     

村庄权力系统中女村官地位的类型分析--基于江西三个村的实证调查

从处于权力中心不同力量之间的博弈关系来理解权力的本质,是分析权力系统的一个重要思路.女村官是村治中进入村庄权力系统中心的特殊群体,以女村官与政府的关系、女村官与男村官的关系、女村官与村民的关系为变量,以它们的不同表现形式考察三个变量之间的组合关系,可将女村官在村庄权力系统中的地位分成三种类型,即弱势型、强势型和均衡型.分析这二种类型将有助于深刻理解村庄政治,积极推动农村政治的发展.     

乡村社会的风险防范与治理探微——基于对湖南省四个村庄的考察

防范乡村社会风险是推进乡村治理现代化、实施乡村振兴战略的题中之义。通过对湖南省四个村庄进行实地研究,窥得其主要风险直接表现在村庄治理、集体经济与事业发展、人居环境改进和村民安全感等方面。研究发现样本乡村治理的社会风险源于村庄空心化造成的人才资源匮乏,外部环境发展形成的对传统管理模式的挑战,村民公共事务参与不足加大治理的难度,以及对村干部监督约束的不充分。防范乡村社会的主要风险,优化乡村社会治理,应致力于完善精英人才回流和保持机制、形成村级集体经济和事业促进机制、优化党委领导下的乡村治理工作机制、建立顺应时代发展的镇村干部能力提升机制和筑牢涵盖村干部的纪检监督机制。     

“软硬兼施”的权力运作——村干部的策略选择——基于王村城中村拆迁改造的个案研究

以太原市王村为案例研究地点,运用田野调查法和个案拓展法,针对在政府主导下的城中村拆迁改造的过程,分析了在城中村拆迁改造中,村干部为了顺利完成征地任务,采取不同的策略性行为。展现了村干部与被拆迁村民的互动,双方各自具有的策略空间,最终村干部以"软硬兼施"的办法完成拆迁任务,即以正式权力运用为主,非正式权力以及正式权力的非正式运用为辅,在适当的时候做出调整、妥协和让步。     

干群关系视角下资源型村庄的政治生态研究

改革开放以来,一些拥有矿产资源优势的资源型村庄因资源的开发成为当地的富裕村庄,但同时也由于资源利益分配不均的问题,形成了村民上访频发、民主参与程度不高、村干部贪腐严重等恶性村庄政治生态,尤其村庄内部的干群关系紧张成为制约资源型村庄发展的重要因素。为此,提出资源型村庄政治生态优化路径:完善村民自治制度;加强民主法治意识的建设;加强资源型村庄基层党组织建设。     

论能人治理型村庄的政治信任基础

改革开放以来,村落场域中能人治理的形成与发展有其客观的经济基础与社会背景。能人治理对乡村政治信任的构建有着深刻的影响:从村庄公共权力结构的视角看,能人治理型村庄中的阶层博弈易导致治理能人、非治理能人、普通村民之间的政治隔阂和冲突;从村民自治实际运作的视角看,能人在村民自治各环节的主导地位易导致普通民众在村庄治理中被边缘化。能人治理下乡村政治信任构建中出现的问题,与村民自治制度设计的滞后、乡村基层干部的角色冲突、不同村民阶层的实力差异等因素有关。当前,应通过完善和创新村民自治制度、改革和探索干部考核办法、教育和引导村庄治理能人等途径,加快构建能人治理型村庄和谐政治关系的信任基础。     

关于农村出嫁女的集体经济权益保障——基于广东省S村的调查

改革开放进程中,在我国农村不少地区出现了出嫁女基于土地产生的集体经济权益受侵害的问题。其成因主要有:村民自决权的局限性,村民的传统观念,村民基于现实和长远利益的考量,现行法律适用的冲突与补救措施不到位,村级"法律"与村级领导的行政专断等。因此,要尽快转变村民的传统观念,围绕协商民主恳谈方式构建新的调解方案,完善法律体系以及行政、司法救济,加强对村规民约和村干部权力的监督与管理。     

Improving the organization and management of civil service training in Zambia

This paper describes the first phase (1981-1984) of a programme being carried out by the Government of Zambia to improve the organization and management of in-service training for civil servants. General guidelines for an effective training function are outlined. These are compared to the problems of civil service training in Zambia in 1981, where responsibility was fragmented, co-ordination was poor, work concentrated on routine administration, and the background of training staff was often inappropriate. A set of recommendations was agreed for resolving these problems, including the creation of a central training directorate and a cadre of full-time training staff. The package of proposals was designed to increase accountability, improve co-ordination, improve the quality of training staff, and introduce systematic training procedures. The progress with implementing these changes is evaluated; the greatest progress was in setting up the cadre of training staff, although significant progress was also made in other areas. The paper concludes that the conditions for an effective training function have been created and that a longer-term programme to develop the new training cadre is now required. The Zambian example provides a possible model for any country thinking of introducing similar changes.     

The Political Economy of Gender: Explaining Cross-National Variation in the Gender Division of Labor and the Gender Voting Gap

Mainstream political economy has tended to treat the family as a unit when examining the distributional consequences of labor market institutions and of public policy. In a world with high divorce rates, we argue that this simplification is more likely to obscure than to instruct. We find that labor market opportunities for women, which vary systematically with the position of countries in the international division of labor and with the structure of the welfare state, affect women's bargaining power within the family and as a result, can explain much of the cross country variation in the gender division of labor as well as the gender gap in political preferences.     

新世纪以来中国共产党的干部制度改革:基于制度文本的研究

本文从制度文本角度,对过去十多年中国共产党的干部制度改革进行了梳理,重点考察了"党管干部"原则的调整、干部选拔任用改革、干部监督管理改革。这些改革和调整是作为执政党的中国共产党面对新挑战、新问题所做出的,具有较强的针对性,但是,就制度的实际效力而言,还需要进一步的观察。     

Across the border and into the cold: hieleras and the punishment of asylum-seeking Central American women in the United States

Thousands of Central American families are fleeing from violence in their own countries and seeking protection in the US. However, once they enter the country they are immediately confined in temporary holding cells – also called hieleras (iceboxes) due to their extremely low temperatures, where they undergo violence and neglect. The hieleras become the site where the categories of the asylum-seeker, the immigrant, and the criminal become conflated. Asylum-seekers entering the country also enter an already existing racialized structure where Latina/o subjects have been criminalized. This article analyzes the hieleras through a Foucauldian and a transnational feminist lens, and argues that these holding cells work as a site for punishing border crossers and deterring them (and others like them) from pursuing the asylum process; which are displays of both sovereign power and disciplinary power.     

The Elusive Pursuit of Incentive Systems: Research on the Cadre Management Regime in Post-Mao China

Journal of Chinese Political Science - This essay reviews recent scholarship on four key components of the post-Mao party state’s cadre management regime—nomenklatura system, cadre...     

我国干部人事制度法治化初论

干部人事制度法治化即“干部法治”应是我国干部人事制度领域的基本宪政原则。长期以来,实践中存在将“党管干部”与“干部法治”对立起来的误区,并导致“荐举委任制”大行其道及一系列严重弊端。认真总结我国自实行改革开放以来30年干部人事制度法治化的基本经验,深入研究“干部法治”原则的主要内容、制度安排和实行路径,创建既体现国际先进水平又富有中国特色的干部人事制度,是我国政治体制改革面临的重要任务。     

党政领导干部素质模式研究(下)

二、素质模式的横向比较及分析 为便于进一步说明领导干部素质模式转换及提高的深层问题,为培训者提供有价值的参考依据,以下对革命创业型、文化革命型、改革开放型和现代文明型的四种干部素质模式,从健康、知识、能力(有时含技能)和观念等方面,再依次做一横向的比较研究.     

It's the government's fault! A cross-section study of economic voting in Denmark, 1990/93

Abstract. The relationship between voters' support for the government and thirteen items tapping their evaluation of the economic situation is analyzed. One data set is collected under Conservative rule and another under Social Democratic rule. The answers are first aggregated into three factors. Two are egotropic: the economic situation of the family, and its unemployment situation. One is sociotropic: worry about the economic development in the country. The impact of the first is strongly significant, and greater than found in comparable studies. The impact of the second is mostly significant, while the impact of the third is the least reliable. We have thus found a clear case of pocketbook voting.     

家庭照料视角下家庭生育决策影响因素研究

根据北京市人口研究所2013年东城区居民生育意愿调查数据研究发现：家庭照料对家庭生育决策的影响因家庭所处生命周期的不同而有所差异，老年人能否为子女下一代提供足够的照料资源，是子女生育决策选择的重要影响因素。目前北京市育龄人群大部分处在照料孩子的单压力下，当生育第二个孩子时，老年人照料和儿童照料双重照料重叠交叉的可能性更大，儿童照料资源的供给将越来越成为制约生育决策的关键因素。家庭如何寻找新的替代性儿童照料资源或者国家和社会能够为儿童照料提供何种帮助是决定未来家庭生育决策选择的关键，因此要构建家庭友好型政策以积极应对。