法治与社会主义法治

社会主义法治是法治发展到现代以后产生的一种历史形态。它除了法治所具有的共性之外,还有着自己的定性特征,两者并不完全等同。     

Stateless Law: Kelsen's Conception and its Limits

Hans Kelsen’s claim that the state and the law are identicalis surrounded by a somewhat mystical air. Yet, the ‘identitythesis’ loses much of its mystical aura when it is seenas an attempt to recast the state, qua social fact, in deontologicalterms. The state is seen as a condition necessary to accountfor the validity of legal acts. Indeed, the meaning of the stateis reduced to the function performed by a conception of orderin the reproduction of a system of norms. No further socialfact would attest to its existence. From a sociological pointof view, all law is essentially, and principally, law sans state.     

依法治国与金融法改革

进人新世纪以来,我国在政治、经济、社会体制等方面的改革稳步推进,取得了卓有成效的长足进步。我国正处於社会转型阶段。面临转型期的复杂经济形势,必须牢固深化经济体制改革的决心,紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用来推进改革,坚持和完善基本经济制度,加快完善现代市场体系、宏观调控体系、开放型经济体系。当中尤其要不断建立健全完善、成熟的现代金融体系和配套的法律规律体系,并紧跟互联网时代的技术发展做出适时调整。     

反不正当竞争法中的禁止盗用规则及其适用

禁止盗用规则是指在专利法和著作权法的保护之外,采用反不正当竞争法对智力成果法益提供补充保护的规则,对于解决涉及盗用时效信息、数据库和商业设计等智力成果的纠纷具有重要价值。禁止盗用规则的正当性基础在于防止市场失灵,为此应当借鉴侵权行为而非不当得利的理论进路,不仅需要关注经营者的损害,更需要强调对整体市场竞争秩序的维护。我国应构建禁止盗用规则的理论框架,为反不正当竞争法一般条款的适用提供指引,适用标准包括竞争手段和竞争后果两要件,其中竞争手段要件需要结合竞争属性、实质性投资、注意义务进行认定,竞争后果要件需要从竞争关系、盗用比例、损害后果门槛展开分析,以此形成一个互相协调的动态判断系统。此外,还须谨慎地划定禁止盗用规则在保护对象、规制行为和有效期限上的边界。     

The Rule of Law and Equality

This paper describes and defends a novel and distinctively egalitarian conception of the rule of law. Official behavior is to be governed by preexisting, public rules that do not draw irrelevant distinctions between the subjects of law. If these demands are satisfied, a state achieves vertical equality between officials and ordinary people and horizontal legal equality among ordinary people.     

地方先行法治化的基本路径及其法理限度

近年来,江苏、广东、浙江等地提出了先行法治化目标。针对这一现象,学者们就我国单一制体制下地方先行法治化的可行性、与法制统一原则的关系以及是否仅限于发达地区等问题产生了争议。在政府、法律职业阶层和民间力量等地方法治发展主要推动力的相互作用下,地方先行法治化的立法、行政和司法实践呈现出“体制内回应型”的基本路径。“体制内回应型”路径下的地方先行法治化在主体、内容和形式上存在偏离法治的情形。客观评判“地方先行法治化”命题的法理限度,重塑地方先行法治化的回应型路径,是协调地方法治与国家法治关系,保证地方法治建设合乎法治理念的关键。     

生态法治元论

迈向生态文明不仅是政策的主观选择,更是社会发展的客观必然。人与生境的现实紧张表现为错综复杂的社会关系,在空间性、时间性、主体间性、行为间性四个维度呈现出相互交织的矛盾样态。调整复杂的矛盾关系、建设生态文明,要求法治的因应变迁。生态法治相较于人本法治的质性迈进突出反映在作为法治基本范式的"权利"在内涵方面的拓展和外延方面的丰富。生态法治因之呈现出统筹性、前瞻性与科学性三个典型特性。在规约建构方面,生态法治要求完备性立法和多层次建制。在运行实施中,必须强力施治,反哺法律权威;创新机制,诱致自我实施,并通过伦理文化的辅助导正行为。     

法律信仰--法制的精神支柱

法律信仰在法治建设中具有重要的地位和作用,在某中程度上可以说起到关键的作用.然而当前在我国出现了空前严重的法律信仰危机.造成这种现象的原因是多方面的,既有历史代传统的原因,也有制度方面的原因,更有思想观念的影响.为了建设社会主义法治国家,我们必须采取措施来解决这个问题,否则,法治社会将无法形成.     

二元法治观的价值困境及方法论应对

价值诉求的不同造成了形式法治与实质法治之间的反复辩驳,也造成了二元法治观的价值困境。形式法治追求法的安定性价值,排除了正确性价值;实质法治虽给予法的正确性以足够关注,却无法提供平衡法律体系封闭与开放、安定性与正确性之间的方法。解决二元法治观的价值困境,既要认识到法治是内涵双重价值的整全性实践,还要在方法论上证成法治,在立法和司法上借由法律方法的理性论证最大限度地实现安定性价值与正确性价值的平衡。     

民法的基本精神与依法治国

民法作为市民社会的基本法,其基本观念是私权神圣。政府于行使公权力的过程中,秉持民法的私权观念尤为重要。本文首先论述了民法典的基本精神及现代依法治国思想的法理源流,最后阐明弘扬民法精神对于依法治国的重要意义。     

“把法律作为修辞”理论的限度

陈金钊教授提出的“把法律作为修辞”理论根据当代西方法律修辞学虽可获得相应的证成,但这种法律修辞理论也有自己无法克服的多种局限和限度:游移于分析性修辞学和法律论辩理论之间,理论进路混乱;合法性、可接受性和合理性三种价值立场因无法在法律修辞的语境下兼容而始终充满张力;构造的“法律修辞方法”无法满足法律方法论的要求,并非一种真正的法律修辞方法;勾勒的法律修辞“谋篇布局”过于模糊、残缺不全且充满内在缺陷.这四种缺陷注定了“把法律作为修辞”理论难以作为完整的或真正的法律修辞理论.     

法治社会的“法”与“治”

“依法治国”,“法治”为其要义。近些年来,学界政界,对法治议论者甚多,其中不乏有胆有识之高论。但何谓法治之“法”,何谓法治之“治”,何“法”可用之于“治”,“法”与“治”关系如何,法治本质与特性如何,似鲜有平心静气、细致深入之论者。就此而言,此处严存生教授之文可谓棋高一筹,令人一新耳目。文中释论人之本性,法之明善及法之属性;治之自治与善治,治之于官而非民,治出于民及其属性等等,均有学理说服与发微启迪之长。推呈学界,或能复引精粹之玉。不仅如此,意味更为深长者,“依法治国”之“法治”,究竟寓意何在?其与“法制”究竟有何不同?前者一定是观念上的进步,抑或传统“治”国之策的另一种表达?     

The Rule of Law and Jury Nullification

Jury nullification occurs when a jury renders a verdict based on what it feels the law ought to demand, as opposed to what the law in fact demands. While it is beyond doubt that criminal juries in common law jurisdictions have the ability to so act without fear of legal censure or redress, it remains a highly contentious issue as to whether such juries ought to be informed of this ability. One of the main objections to informing jurors of their purview to nullify is that, in so acting, the rule of law is subverted. Thus, while jurors might have the ability to so act, they ought to be discouraged from doing so. This ability, in other words, must be hidden from them – a subterfuge justified by reference to the rule of law. In this paper I closely examine the rule of law objection and conclude that the conflicts between jury nullification and the rule of law are greatly exaggerated. In fact, in many respects jury nullification promotes the very same ends and goals as does the rule of law. Hence, I conclude, if there is a reason to withhold from the jury any knowledge of jury nullification, such a reason cannot be grounded on considerations of the rule of law.     

The Rule of Law and EU Expansion

The article seeks to further discussion about the European Union's identification of the rule of law as a fundamental principle and pre-requisite for EU membership by prospective member states, despite the lack of a uniform Community-wide understanding of this concept. In this article, three points will be explored. Firstly, it will briefly examine the rule of law principle within the EU, as a contested concept, despite its pre-eminence as a fundamental principle upon which EU membership is based. Because of its contested nature, there exists across the EU, conceptual variations, leading to the problem of an apparent absence of a uniform conception of the rule of law. Secondly, the article will identify some of the main conflicts between the EU making this rule of law a pre-requisite for membership and the lack of a uniform conception for this fundamental principle. Thirdly, the article explores how these conflicts affect the development of legal cultures of prospective member states and what potential problems these conflicts imply. The article focuses on the European Union's lack of a uniform understanding of the rule of law and how this affects prospective member states from Central and Eastern Europe. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Rule of Law and Its Predicament

Abstract.  The purpose of this paper is to assess the validity of the Razian conception of the rule of law by subjecting it to the acid test of Michel Troper's "realist theory of interpretation." The author argues that, in light of the Wittgensteinian view of rule-following, a serious indeterminacy can be seen as inherent in both this conception of the rule of law and Troper's theory of interpretation.     

德治与法治简论

道德与法律同为上层建筑 ,虽范畴不同 ,但相辅相成 ,联系紧密。道德是法律的基础 ,法律是道德的具体化。人类历史发展的经验证明 ,在国家治理过程中 ,必须德治与法治交相为用 ,相互补充、相互促进 ;并做到法制建设与道德建设并重、法制教育与道德教育并重。     

The Limits of Critique and the Forces of Law

Three recent publications evidence a growing interest in critical jurisprudence with materiality, technology, affect and atmosphere. These approaches pose fundamental challenges to existing traditions within legal critique, spurning a focus on the ideology of legal reasoning and exploring instead the unique practices through which the law binds subjects through material, affective and atmospheric manipulations. Through either Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos’s ‘lawscape’ or Kyle McGee’s ‘jurimorphs’ these innovative theoretical projects pluralise the ‘forces’ which account for the law’s normativity, disavowing the notion that such forces can be reduced either to a transcendental form (like sovereignty) or to notions of structural or symbolic violence. These approaches address a ‘democratic deficit’ in legal philosophy that has generally excluded the realm of the material in its theorising and allows us to attend to the multiple forms that allow for the passage of law.     

论法治的不可能性

一、导言法治只是一种理想,它从未被哪个社会完全实现过。法治的首要条件是政府官员遵守法律,但官员们可能并不这般行事,而在大型社会中,情况或许还要糟糕。由于官员们都程度不一地背离法律,社会就难以实现法治这一目标。也许压根就没有哪个社会曾非常逼近过这一目标。因为人们并不总是遵守规则。我将论证这就是法治难以实现的惟一原由。这种主张看起来和法的模糊性看法相抵牾,因为在某种程度上,模糊性必然会导致专制统治。如果专制统治因为法的模糊性而变得不可避免,那么法治的理想在一定程度上也就变得不可企及———而不是因为不忠实于法…     

The Rule of Law and Authoritarian Rule: Legal Politics in Sudan

Mark Fathi, Massoud . 2013 . Law's Fragile State: Colonial, Authoritarian, and Humanitarian Legacies in Sudan . Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxii + 265. $109.99 cloth, $34.99 paper. Does the rule of law guarantee peace and democracy, as so many people in the development and governance field believe? What are the historical and sociocultural conditions that shape the way rule of law mechanisms work in practice? Mark Massoud's monograph tracing the changing dimensions of the rule of law in Sudan from its colonial period to the present offers an important perspective on these questions, casting doubt on the simple argument that the rule of law produces democracy and peace. Instead, he shows how colonial and authoritarian rulers used the rule of law to consolidate power and legitimate their rule. In Law's Fragile State: Colonial, Authoritarian, and Humanitarian Legacies in Sudan, Massoud develops the concept of legal politics, arguing that the way the rule of law works varies with the political system in which it is embedded. He concludes that the forms of legal politics that reinforce the power and authority of legal institutions are more likely to sustain an authoritarian state than to bring democratic rule. His analysis is a valuable caution to those who promote the rule of law as the salvation for all. Taking a sociolegal perspective, he shows how it works in practice.