创业教育、家庭创业资源和创业教育质量的关系——基于浙江高校的实证研究

通过构建涵盖创业教育内容、创业环境感知、个体知识与技能、家庭创业资源与创业教育评价变量之间关系的理论模型,运用结构方程模型对浙江102所高校的16210份有效问卷进行实证分析和检验,结果显示:创业教育的内容直接显著正向影响创业教育评价;创业环境感知正向中介了创业教育内容、创业教育评价;个体知识与技能正向调节了创业教育内容与创业教育评价;家庭创业资源分别调节了创业环境感知与创业教育评价、创业教育内容与创业环境感知,但是在创业教育内容与创业教育评价之间存在调节作用不显著。性别、学科、专业、家庭背景、创业活动经历在创业教育行为上存在显著差异。据此提出如下建议:优化创业教育的内容选择,构建分层分类的创业教育学习框架;创设鼓励创新创业的校内环境;营造自由、开放、容忍失败的创业文化氛围;构建面向不同能力结构维度学生群体的立体式创业教育系统;培养具有创业文化资本的潜力学生,发挥优秀学生的核心节点效应。     

高等教育产业化与高校治安保卫

教育产业化是当前我国高教改革的重要举措,它使高校环境发生了诸多变化,给高校治安保卫工作带来了新的挑战。应对新的挑战,就必须更新观念,围绕市场化实施与新环境相适应的安全管理机制。     

论我国高等教育社会捐赠的传承与借鉴

高等教育社会捐赠的背后,体现着一定的价值观,那就是"努力于共福利的创造".近年来我国富裕人士逐渐增多,但社会对高等教育的捐赠却步履缓慢,需要我们在反思传统的同时,借鉴西方国家尤其是美国的经验,促进相应的制度创新与正确导向社会舆论.高校也应转变观念,建立与捐赠者之间良好的合作关系,并在内部建立完善的工作机制.     

高师文科生科学文化素质的调查报告

该调查报告,以国际公认的公众科学素养的标准,调查江苏高师文科生科学文化素质的现状,发现文科生科技知识贫乏,科学素养低下。高师对在文科生中开展科学文化教育不重视;已开设综合性科技知识课程的,又存在教学内容上的缺陷,忽略科学方法、科学思想、科学精神的教育。报告探讨了在高师文科生中开展科学文化教育的必要性,提出了选择科学文化教育内容的原则,以及开展科学文化教育的方式与关键     

The Impact of Legal Education: An In-Depth Examination of Career-relevant Interests, Attitudes, and Personality Traits Among First-Year Law Students

This article examines in detail patterns of change in career-relevant interests, attitudes, and personality characteristics among first-year students in one law school. The data presented suggest that a single entering law school class can be viewed as a varied group in terms of career plans and potential behavioral styles. Moreover, immersion in the law school environment may accentuate this initial variability. Although some studies have suggested that, overall, first-year law students experience a drop in law interests, including interests in altruistic and "socially conscious" career activities, the methods of analysis used in this study suggest alternative interpretations of some aspects of such changes. In addition, the author believes these methods shed greater light on the overall process of professional development in law school.     

Reentry and the Ties that Bind: An Examination of Social Ties,Employment, and Recidivism

Scholars consistently find that reentering offenders who obtain steady work and maintain social ties to family are less likely to recidivate. Some theorize that familial ties may operate through employment to influence recidivism and that such ties may also serve a moderating role. The current study employs an integrated conceptual framework in order to test hypotheses about the link between familial ties, post‐release employment, and recidivism. The findings suggest that family ties have implications for both recidivism and job attainment. In fact, the results suggest that good quality social ties may be particularly important for men with histories of frequent unemployment. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to theory and future research on prisoner reentry and recidivism.     

Are Shelter Workers Burned Out?: An Examination of Stress,Social Support,and Coping

Job stress, perceived social support, coping self-efficacy, and coping strategies were studied as predictors of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment among a sample of 123 female shelter workers. Overall, these workers did not meet the collective criteria for burnout as defined by Maslach and Jackson (1986) and perceived social support and coping strategies did not account for unique variance in the prediction of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Rather, high levels of time pressure and low levels of self-efficacy for being productive at work were identified as predictors of emotional exhaustion. Personal accomplishment was predicted by time pressure and robust levels of self-efficacy for dealing with stressors at work. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 109th annual convention of the American Psychological Association. This paper is based on the Masters thesis of Lisa M. Baker and the undergraduate honors thesis of Nazish Salahuddin, both completed under the direction of Karen M. O’Brien. Gratitude is extended to Christel Nichols and to the crisis workers who participated in this study.     

Democracy, Sea Power and Institutional Change: An Economic Analysis of the Athenian Naval Law

The present essay attempts to test the validity of the theory of institutional change based on the concept of property rights, in the remote historical setting of Classical Athens. The Naval Law introduced by Themistocles in 483-2 BC, established the institution of trierarchy to produce warships to face the Persian invaders. This reform led to the first attempt to define the costs and benefits of public goods in the field of national defense. Thus, institutional change in Ancient Athens, through an efficient arrangement of property rights and duties, had long-term consequences on economic performance, creating a new growth path and ensuring economic prosperity and social justice for more than 150 years.     

自我超越之必要、艰难与教育的努力——对鲁洁教授学术思想的一种体认

鲁洁教授在学术论著中从理论与实践的两个层面对自我超越的艰难性进行了分析。当她认定自我超越是人之生存本性同时又痛感现时教育对人之自我超越形成严重桎梏与障碍之时,她对教育产生形成人之超越性的期待也就成为一种逻辑的必然。这样的逻辑关联也铸就了鲁洁教授心中的教育理想与教育信念。这不只是鲁洁教授一人的期待,也是千千万万教育工作者的期待,甚至也是全社会的期待。从鲁洁教授对美好教育的殷殷期待中,我们能感受到并且也分享着一种深邃而又博大的教育之爱。     

高等教育“放管服”改革的三张清单:权力清单、责任清单与负面清单

我国高等教育改革正经历从管办评分离到放管服纵深推进,但迄今为止,推出的政策举措仍囿于教育行政部门放权微调和落实高校办学自主权正面清单的改革思路。本文澄清并提出,高等教育领域放管服改革的目标是依照法无授权不可为法无禁止皆可为的法治精神建立现代大学制度;具有实质性含义的改革举措在于落实三张清单:教育行政管理部门的权力清单、责任清单;以及有关高校不得如何的禁令性规定的负面清单和教育评价组织自主权的负面清单。     

Use of the SIRS in Compensation Cases: An Examination of Its Validity and Generalizability

The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers et al., Structured interview of reported symptoms (SIRS) and professional manual, 1992) is a well-validated psychological measure for the assessment of feigned mental disorders (FMD) in clinical, forensic, and correctional settings. Comparatively little work has evaluated its usefulness in compensation and disability contexts. The present study examined SIRS data from 569 individuals undergoing forensic neuropsychiatric examinations for the purposes of workers’ compensation, personal injury, or disability proceedings. Using bootstrapping comparisons, three primary groups were identified: FMD, feigned cognitive impairment (FCI), genuine-both (GEN-Both) that encompasses both genuine disorders (GEN-D) and genuine-cognitive presentation (GEN-C). Consistent with the SIRS main objective, very large effect sizes (M Cohen’s d = 1.94) were observed between FMD and GEN-Both groups. Although not intended for this purpose, moderate to large effect sizes (M d = 1.13) were found between FCI and GEN-Both groups. An important consideration is whether SIRS results are unduly affected by common diagnoses or clinical conditions. Systematic comparisons were performed based on common disorders (major depressive disorder, PTSD, and other anxiety disorders), presence of a cognitive disorder (dementia, amnestic disorder, or cognitive disorder NOS), or intellectual deficits (FSIQ < 80). Generally, the magnitude of differences on the SIRS primary scales was small and nonsignificant, providing evidence of the SIRS generalizability across these diagnostic categories. Finally, the usefulness of the SIRS improbable failure-revised (IF-R) scale was tested as a FCI screen. Although it has potential in ruling out genuine cases, the IF-R should not be used as a feigning screen.

Are There Gender Differences in Sustaining Dating Violence? An Examination of Frequency, Severity, and Relationship Satisfaction

One topic of debate within the field of intimate violence involves the equivalence, or lack thereof, of male-perpetrated versus female-perpetrated violence. To inform this debate, we examined potential gender-related differences in the frequency of sustaining violence, the severity of violence sustained, and effects of violence on relationship satisfaction. Data were collected from 2 samples of heterosexual undergraduates in dating relationships. In both studies, men and women experienced violence at comparable frequencies, although men experienced more frequent moderate violence. Rates of severe violence were extremely low for both sexes across studies. In both investigations, only women experienced lower relationship satisfaction as a function of partner violence. In Study 1, relationship status moderated this effect, such that women in serious dating relationships were less satisfied than either women in less serious relationships or than men as a function of partner violence. In Study 2, women were less satisfied with violent relationships than men regardless of relationship status. We contend that gender-sensitive approaches to relationship violence are important to better understand and prevent both male- and female-perpetrated violence. Directions for future research efforts are outlined.     

Predictors of Support of Legislation Banning Juvenile Executions in Oklahoma: An Examination by Race and Sex

The Supreme Court has recently decided to re‐examine the constitutionality of executing individuals under the age of 18 at the time of the offense. The Supreme Court’s reliance on public opinion as evidenced through opinion polls and changing laws in the 2002 Atkins decision has suggested that public opinion may play a role in the Court’s decision regarding juvenile executions. There is considerable evidence that the majority of Americans favor a ban on juvenile executions. In the current study, we use Oklahoma data collected in 2003 by the Oklahoma University Public Opinion Learning Laboratory to examine more closely the factors that predict a support of a ban on juvenile executions. Interestingly, only one fourth of Oklahomans oppose such a ban. Earlier research suggested that religious fundamentalism is linked to support of juvenile executions, but we did not find this, suggesting that public opinion may be shifting. We then analyzed the data separately by race and then by sex. Our findings suggest that there may be differences between groups in the predictors of support for a ban on juvenile executions, at least in Oklahoma, indicating the need for further research.     

民法中的强制性规范——兼论公法与私法“接轨”的立法途径与规范配置技术

立法者应妥当处理宪法与民法、行政法与民法、普通民法与特别民法、民事实体法与民事程序法以及民法典内部各种规范之间的关系,通过部门法的合理分工与互动来实现公、私法的“接轨”。宪法中的规范和纯粹行政法的规范是前置型强制性规范,不宜安排到民法典内部;为实现特定公共政策目标的强制性规范是外设型强制性规范,应安排于民事特别法和行政法规中;为自治的私法行为设定最低法律要求以及铺设通往公法管道的强制性规范为内设型强制性规范,应安排在民法典内部。     

Willing Suspension of Disbelief: A Study in Online Learning Through Simulation,and Its Potential for Deeper Learning in Higher Education

This article describes the replacement of a “traditionally taught” law of probate course (lectures and workshops/tutorials) with an on-line collaborative learning exercise using simulation and role-play which is referred to hereafter as the Transactional Learning Project (TLP). The article considers the theory that the emotional engagement that comes about through role play in simulation leads to deeper learning, a process (Maharg in Simulation and the affective domain, Cambridge, 2010) has dubbed as the “integration of the cognitive and the affective”. The article includes statistical analysis of student feedback on the TLP in an attempt to measure how easy it is to carry students predisposed to expect information to be “given” rather than “acquired” along the journey leading away from traditional didactic teaching. The project was motivated partly by the dearth of such learning practices on the Legal Practice Course. It is suggested that the findings of the project add to the body of research (Keats and Boughey in High Educ 27:59–73, 1994) which tends to illustrate the success in terms of student learning from working in leaderless (i.e where the Tutor is absent from the collaborative group) groups engaged in practical tasks involving simulation.     

刑事审判公开实施效果实证研究——基于传统与信息化两个途径的考察

刑事审判公开可通过传统与信息化两个途径实现。传统途径下,法院消极公告、公众很少旁听,刑事审判公开实施效果未能达到预期。信息化背景下诸多法院开始践行裁判文书上网等新举措,对审判公开起到了一定的促进作用。但总体而言,全国仍有大量基层法院信息化建设较为落后;已经开始实行信息化公开的法院也表现出较为明显的应用滞后于建设,效果依然有限。就前者而言,认为没有公告必要、担心旁听产生的工作压力是法院消极公告的主要原因;不关心、没时间等诸多主、客观因素共同导致公众较少参与旁听。就后者而言,经费有限是法院信息化建设的瓶颈,缺乏完善的制度规定是其应用滞后于建设的症结。未来的刑事审判应当同时发展旁听、信息化及其它形式的公开。     

Politics,Prisons, and Law Enforcement: An Examination of the Emergence of “Law and Order” Politics in Texas

This article examines the rise of “law and order” politics in Texas, providing an in‐depth archival case study of changes in prison policy in a Southern state during the pivotal period when many U.S. states turned to mass incarceration. It brings attention to the important role an insurgent Republican governor and law enforcement officials played in shaping crime policy. Law enforcement's role is considered within a broader examination of political strategy during a period of intense socioeconomic volatility. The findings suggest that within particular political contexts, especially those with low levels of political participation, law enforcement agents might play a key role in shaping punishment.     

近代中国教育社会学“本土化”的兴起、进展与实践——基于学术史的考察

在中国社会科学发展史上,学术研究本土化向来是一个不断被提起并热议的论题。教育社会学自传入中国之日起就面临着本土化的问题,本土化意识随即兴起,这一时期其本土化的目标主要在于本土契合性,即教育社会学的教学和研究要如何契合中国的语言、社会和文化条件等方面。随着社会学及教育社会学理论和方法与中国社会和教育的现实问题的密切结合,尤其是近代中国学者在参与乡村教育及乡村建设的实践过程中,通过努力将实践经验转化为构建教育社会学本土化的理论资源和现实素材的基础上,近代中国教育社会学本土化研究得以不断发展。回顾和梳理近代中国教育社会学本土化的历程,不仅能促进教育社会学学科在中国的进一步发展,也可为当前教育社会学本土化相关理论问题之探讨提供借鉴。