Dispositional, Environmental, and Context-Specific Predictors of Children's Threat Perceptions in Everyday Stressful Situations

Threat appraisals are a key component of the coping process, yet little is known about the factors that influence children's perceptions of threat during stressful situations. The present study examined predictors of threat perceptions in response to everyday stressors among 215 fourth and fifth graders, and their parents and teachers. Children's internal resources, the family environment, and qualities of the stressful encounter were studied for their contributions to perceptions of threat. Children's ratings of maternal and paternal acceptance and maternal ratings of family expressiveness were associated with lower perceptions of threat; children's ratings of other-culpability were associated with higher perceptions of threat. Although threat perceptions were associated with coping behavior, threat perceptions did not mediate associations between family, contextual, or dispositional influences and coping. Results are discussed in terms of current stress and coping theory.     

Adolescent room culture: Studying media in the context of everyday life

For the past several years, the authors have been investigating adolescent room culture in order to learn more about the relationship between teens and the media. The bedroom, they have found, is an important haven for most teenagers, a private, personal space often decorated to reflect teens' emerging sense of themselves and where they fit in the larger culture. Teens listen to music, read magazines, watch television, do homework, and consider the events of the day in their rooms. They appropriate and transform media messages and images to help them make sense of their lives. By looking closely at how teens draw from the media as they construct their identities and personal worlds, the authors have come to see adolescent media use as a dialectical process played out through everyday practices. Their Adolescents' Media Practice Model highlights the connections between adolescents' identities and media selection, interaction, and application.An earlier draft was presented at the Society for Research on Adolescence conference in San Diego, California, February 1994.Received M.S. in television-radio from the Newhouse School of Communications at Syracuse University. Research focus is on the relationship between the media and public health.Received Ph.D. in mass communication from University of Wisconsin-Madison. Research focus is on adolescent health and mass media.     

the body,sexuality and precarity

This article aims at revealing the patriarchal pattern that has dominated Turkish political thought in the 20th century. I analyse the construction of woman's identity in the writings of three prominent thinkers of the early-republican era (1923–1945); namely, Ahmet A?ao?lu, Peyami Safa and Zekeriya Sertel. The thinkers are deliberately chosen since each represents challenging political dispositions vis-à-vis the others. Ahmet A?ao?lu is a liberal-nationalist, Peyami Safa is a well-known conservative thinker and Zekeriya Sertel is a leftist. However, despite the differences between and/or opposing foundations of their approaches all the three thinkers agree that there is a universally valid woman nature, attested by women's reproductive function, and approach the ‘woman issue’ on the basis of this assumption. The thinkers also argue that participation of women in public sphere inevitably results in their masculinization. Moreover, they distinguish between femininity and womanhood and offer their ideal models of womanhood. Although one can trace differences among the models, all converge on the concept of ‘nation's motherhood’ as the most significant feature of ideal womanhood. The main argument of the article is that women's subordination in the Turkish context is reinforced by the wide acceptance of these assumptions, and is further reproduced by the exclusion of the construction of gender typologies in the studies on Turkish political thought for a considerably long time.     

Politics and culture in a Diva's diversion: The body of Astrid Hadad in performance

Performance

Song of Lawino. Directed by Valeria Vazilevski and choreographed by Ja‐wole Willa Jo Zollar. Aaron Davis Hall, City University of New York, New York, January 5–8, 1989.

Abingdon Square. Directed by Irene Fornes. American Place Theatre, New York, 1988.

The Kathy &; Mo Show: Parallel Lives. Written and produced by Kathy Najimy and Mo Gaffney. Westside Arts Theatre, 1989.

Annulla, An Autobiography. Written and Directed by Emily Mann, performed by Linda Hunt. TNT (The New Theatre of Brooklyn), New York, October‐November, 1988.

The Warrior Ant. Written and directed by Lee Breuer; music composed by Bob Telson. Brooklyn Academy of Music, Next Wave Festival, October 19–30, 1988.

Go Between Gettysburg. Written, directed and designed by Linda Mussmann, in collaboration with Claudia Bruce and composer Semih Firincioglu. Theatre of the Riverside Church, New York City, November 10–20, 1988.

Mary Surratt. Written, directed, and designed by Linda Mussmann, in collaboration with Claudia Bruce; music by Semih Firincioglu. Time &; Space Limited production. New York, 1988.

Elizabeth Streb. Dance Chance series, Dance Theatre Workshop, New York, January 4–8 and 11–13, 1989.

Books

Dance, Sex and Gender: Signs of ‘Identity, Dominance, Defiance and Desire, by Judith Lynne Hanna. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988 ($15.95 paper).

The public forum

Sexist Images in Women's Performance. Performances by Jerri Allyn, Ellen Fisher and Dancenoise, and Panel moderated by Peggy Shaw. Movement Research, New York, December 19, 1988.

The Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Edinburgh, Scotland, 1988.

Plenty Money, by Pat Kaufman; Men, Women and Margaret Fuller, by Laurie James; “An Evening of Dance: Karen Bernard, Jean Churchill and Joanna Zubaty”; “Readings by Sonia Taitz,” Women &; Performance Events Series, produced by Katheryn Kovalcik‐White. Tisch School of the Arts, New York University, June‐December, 1988.     

Gramsci,the peasantry and popular culture

Antonio Gramsci adopted a developmentalist position after becoming a marxist. He thus departed from earlier Italian positions in foreseeing a society in which peasants — understood as a structure of petty property and its dependants ‐ would eventually though not immediately be peasants no more after the introduction of modern methods of cultivation. After the success of fascism in 1922 he began to reconsider his assumption that the peasantry were destined to disappear in a new mode of production, which would replace the backward dual economy of Italy. If the peasantry were not always in secular decline before the onward march of capitalism, but could, as in Italy, increase in numbers and political strength even under capitalism, then this called for a reassessment of their social and political role in a marxism which was not simply developmental in the old sense. In the 1930s in particular, Gramsci therefore started to develop strategies for change which assumed that: (1) the peasantry would remain in the foreseeable future as a significant political force; (2) their ethos and values would therefore have to be incorporated in any marxist theory of transition and socialism, and (3) developmentalism or modernisation would have to be re‐examined as a core part of marxist strategy.     

浅论传统文化与企业文化

随着时代的发展和科技的进步,企业文化已成为未来企业兴衰存亡的关键因素,而企业文化必然深受传统文化的影响。传统文化对企业文化既有积极意义亦有消极影响。企业文化对传统文化应采取"取其精华,弃其糟粕"的态度。     

Growing up in the culture of slenderness: Girls'' experiences of body dissatisfaction

This paper reports two group-interviews of young women aged 8 and 13 years. These young women were dissatisfied with their bodies and described ideal figures that matched the slim adult ideal. The younger girls were not dieting but were involved in helping their parents to diet. Adolescents had avoided “fattening” foods and would be concerned if they put on half a stone in weight. Eating (particularly sweet food) was used as a means of comfort and to relieve boredom by young women in both age groups. Results are similar to those of Nickie Charles and Marion Kerr (1986) who interviewed adult women. It is concluded that children as young as 8 years give accounts of body dissatisfaction that are similar to those of adult women, and that suggest acceptance of the slim adult ideal. Implications are discussed in relation to cultural influences on young women that encourage objectification and criticism of the body.     

The Subversive Stitch: Female craft,culture, and ecriture

By making an embroiderer her central narrative voice and embroidery both the structural and the thematic focus of her most recent novel (Le Passé empiété [The Back Stitch]), Marie Cardinal complements Rozsika Parker's efforts (The Subversive Stitch: Embroidery and the Making of the Feminine) to trace the parallel histories of embroidery and femininity through the novel. For both Parker and Cardinal, embroidery figures the creative tension between conformity and subversion that Cardinal posits as common to all women and that results in Le Passe empiete in a complex reevaluation not only of the female artist herself but of both the traditional and the feminist critical context within which she currently creates. In particular, Cardinal explores the relationship between women's traditional domestic tasks and their artistic production, and she uses the specific qualities of embroidery to rethink common assumptions about literary influence and authority, the writing process, and the mythic tradition.     

Physical attractiveness,body attitudes,and self-concept in late adolescents

Seventy male and 119 female late adolescents, enrolled in a college introductory psychology course, rated 24 body characteristics in terms of (1) how important each part was in determining their own physical attractiveness and (2) how physically attractive they assumed each of these parts of their own bodies were. In addition, all subjects responded to a short self-concept scale. Results indicated that males and females rated the importance of the body characteristics for their own physical attractiveness in a markedly similar manner and that mean physical attractiveness ratings were significantly related to the self-concepts of females but not of males. Moreover, the attractiveness ratings of a larger number of individual body parts were significantly related to self-concept for females than for males. Finally, a visual inspection technique for determining physique type was found related to self-concept in males, while this was not the case with a traditional anthropometric index of physique type. Sex differences in the role of physical attractiveness in personality and interpersonal behavior development are discussed.Received his Ph.D. in developmental psychology from the City University of New York. Current research interests include the relation of organismic variables to personality/social development.Received his Ph.D. in personality and developmental psychology from the University of Michigan. Current research interests include the psychology of women and physical attractiveness.     

Everyday stressors in the lives of Anglo and Hispanic learning handicapped adolescent

The sociocultural context of the lives of 10 learning handicapped adolescents was closely monitored over an entire school year using participant observation techniques. Everyday stressors and coping strategies of 5 Hispanic and 5 Anglo adolescents matched on age, sex, SES, class placement, and family intactness, were documented in lengthy field notes. Data revealed that in addition to concerns typical of all adolescents (i.e., family, work, recreation, appearance), cross pressure from cultural conflicts and the learning handicapped status were major sources of stress for these adolescent subgroups. It was concluded that we need to understand stressful events as a function of the context in which lives are situated in order to develop intervention programs designed to teach stress management and strategies for coping with relevant real-life problems.This research was supported in part by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant No. HD23097.Received Ed.D. from Columbia University. Current interests include social competence and family relations of culturally diverse learning handicapped populations.     

Feminist Materialism and Covid-19: The Agential Activation of Everyday Objects

ABSTRACT

This article takes up and make the case for the study of Covid-19 through the lens of feminist new materialism and asks how this approach might draw out perspectives and insights overlooked by other frameworks. I begin with a brief introduction to Covid-19 followed by an analysis of the virus through the lens of feminist new materialism by drawing on the work of Karan Barad (2003), Rosi Braidoitti (2011), and Jane Bennett (2004). I contend that the interconnected frameworks articulated by each of these theorists provides the basis for a more robust understanding of the viral non-human (Covid 19) and everyday objects (the toilet roll and medical masks) whose agentic power is embedded in larger assemblages of natureculture. This kind of analysis is urgent in light of our current media-saturated, interconnected, highly politicized, and expert-adverse environment.     

Book Review: Magic,body and social order

Specifically designed for single‐family use, the type‐planned house of the 1940s was a new form of dwelling. As a social system and in the domestic practice upheld by them, these houses differed from previous housing models in Finland. In rural and urban areas, these architecturally conventional and characterless houses were built using ready‐made type drawings, and according to a fixed set of housing principles. The prevalent view of the proper organization of everyday life reached its most tangible monument in the architecture of these houses; they were “model houses for model families”. Instead of a purely aesthetical perspective, this study analyses the housing ideology and the notions of family and gender implanted in their architecture. Crucial is the concept of dwelling: dwelling is analysed as a cultural signifying system, in which‐spatial arrangement produces and maintains a certain ideology, conventions of behaviour, and notions of family and gender. Accordingly, it controls and orders people's lives, and also structures gender identities at a certain level. In creating a new differentiation of space, the type‐planned house also differentiated the genders.