Our Brotherhood and Your Sister: Building Anti-Rape Community in the Fraternity

Research shows that male peer influence is a significant predictor of violent sexual behavior. However, men challenging sexual violence within their male peer communities may exert a counter-influence, shifting community norms and behaviors. Using the Fraternity Peer Rape Education Program as a case study, this article examines the ways that fraternity men in a peer rape education program make sense of and interact within their communities. Through coded interviews, this article examines participants' perceptions of change within themselves, within their interactions with fraternity brothers, and within their fraternities. Learning about sexual violence altered participants' worldview and created a communal sense of partnership and responsibility, while simultaneously limiting the traditional ways that fraternal communities are maintained. This experience provides lessons for how we may begin creating communities of men against sexual violence, as well as what support may be required for such messy, nonlinear change processes.     

Linking Academics and Social Learning

Abstract

This article examines how school staff conceptualize their work with youths in an alternative school for weapon policy offenders after having undergone at least one year of a whole-school violence prevention program conducted by the Syracuse University Violence Prevention Project. The article examines the intent of school staff, their ideas, perspectives, and language about youths, violence, and schooling, and provides insights into the challenges and benefits of a whole-school approach to violence prevention. Their insights highlight what is needed for a violence prevention program to be successful. A major issue raised in the article is the importance of linking social learning and academics in violence prevention strategies, and of sustaining collaborative efforts that connect conflict resolution to acts of justice and support for youths' intellectual and emotional lives.     

Chapter 5

Abstract

The present study used archival data to examine the differential growth among self-governed substance abuse recovery homes for men (N = 443) and women (N = 125). The number of these homes increased dramatically across the U.S. from 1988-1999 when state loan funds were made available to states and technical assistance was utilized by organizations developing the houses. State loan programs and the utilization of technical assistance, however, had the strongest impact on the expansion of women's houses compared to men's houses. The implications of these findings in relation to the scarcity of recovery options for women are discussed.     

国内新冠肺炎疫情下的工作、家庭关系及其对负面情绪影响的性别差异

本文旨在探讨两性面对新冠肺炎疫情时害怕、焦虑、担忧这些典型负面情绪的变化,以及疫情期间工作、家庭关系的变化对负面情绪影响的性别差异。借助2020年1月至3月在国内疫情上升期和下降期对同一批受访者的网络追踪调查,本文发现,虽然在疫情初期女性比男性表现出更多的负面情绪,但随着国内疫情趋于好转,女性负面情绪已降至与男性同一水平。疫情给女性工作带来的消极影响比男性大,这不利于女性负面情绪的改善;较之男性,女性负面情绪的改善更多受到家庭关系的影响,尤其是对于工作出现消极变化的女性,家庭关系的改善能够缓和工作损失对她们情绪的不利影响。     

Expansion of Chinese Social Health Insurance: who gets what,when and how?

This article asks ‘who gets what, when and how’ from China's recent social welfare expansion. Little research to date examines the overall landscape of China's social health insurance, which has changed dramatically since 2003, and the distributive consequences and implications thereof. Drawing on public survey data and fieldwork for empirical support, this article finds that China's recent social health insurance expansion does significantly expand people's access to social health insurance. However, the expansion, which entails health insurance fragmentation and increasing benefit disparities, not only reinforces existing social cleavages such as the rural–urban divide, but it also generates new divisions within urbanites and workforce. Moreover, multiple social cleavages that cross-cut class differences have been institutionalized into China's social health insurance system. This reflects authoritarian regimes' ‘divide and rule’ tactic in social welfare provision.     

Community Responsibility for Preventing Sexual Violence: A Pilot Study with Campus Greeks and Intercollegiate Athletes

Previous research has noted higher incidences of sexual violence on campus among members of campus Greeks and athletes and the need to do prevention programs with them. This article presents the results of an exploratory pilot study of a sexual violence prevention program with members of one fraternity, sorority, men's and women's intercollegiate athletic team. The program, experimentally evaluated and found to be effective with a general sample of undergraduates, was used to determine its efficacy specifically with Greeks and athletes. The model on which the program is based calls for prevention efforts that take a wider community approach rather than simply targeting individuals as potential perpetrators or victims. Results from repeated-measures analysis of variance indicate that the program worked overall. Future directions are discussed.     

Mapping School Geographies

Abstract

Uncovering issues of school safety, both perceived and real, requires research that probes students' perspectives. This paper tells the story of a comparative research project initiated in an English education methods course. The study was conducted in two high schools and utilized mapping and surveying to determine students' perceptions of school safety within the context of their own campuses. The findings, with relevant strategies for using critical literacy to involve students more directly in the conversation, have implications for classroom teachers and other school-related personnel who seek site-based interventions.     

School Violence Prevention

Abstract

School violence has many faces and many casualties. In varying degrees it touches students, parents, educators and communities of every school world wide. At the local level, communities are seen as playing a significant role in violence prevention. Generally, community-based violence prevention approaches involve the assessment of local problems, identification of target issues, selection of a range of interventions, and the encouragement of collaboration among civic groups, the juvenile justice system, local leaders, and young people themselves. These programs are generally judged as successful if they are able to address risk factors effectively for individual youths, strengthen those factors that provide protection and enhance resiliency, provide sufficient support and effective supervision, and increase pro-social attitudes by providing youth with a sense of having an increased stake in their local communities. Although too few educators are aware of its impact, the women's community has been involved in this work for decades. In this paper I discuss the results of interviews with members of the women's community in Atlantic Canada who have developed proactive violence prevention initiatives. I will concentrate on their efforts to bring those programs into the schools and their experiences of the successes and challenges they encounter.     

近20年中国妇女健康研究的本土化探索

近20年中国大陆的妇女健康研究经历了从全盘接受西方女性主义立场、方法到结合本国实际不断反思、批判与构建的过程,形成了具有中国特色的妇女健康理论、核心概念和多种类型的妇女健康促进模式。文章通过对20年中国女性主义健康研究理念、方法论、主要议题及阶段性贡献与特点的梳理分析,呈现妇女健康研究本土化、主流化、学科化的发展脉络。说明20年来中国的妇女健康研究与实践拓展了现代医学和医学社会学的研究视阈,丰富发展了女性学学科建设,为国际妇女健康运动提供了经验与借鉴。     

Teacher Turnover in the Context of Teacher-Directed Violence: An Empowerment Lens

ABSTRACT

Teacher turnover is a significant issue in education that negatively affects students’ academic performance and instructional continuity. While multiple factors impact turnover, the effects of violence directed against teachers on turnover have rarely been explored. The current study examines the extent to which (dis)empowerment applies to teachers who experienced incidents of violence and related intentions to leave their positions. The study includes 403 teachers from a national survey examining teacher-directed violence and teachers’ most upsetting experiences with violence. Using content analysis, results indicated teachers endorsed low levels of empowerment dimensions including status, autonomy and decision-making, and impact. Further, disempowerment was associated with turnover intentions and decisions. Future directions for research, practice, and policy are considered to increase empowerment and prevent turnover following incidents of violence.     

村级女干部的“去女性化”:性别、社会性别和领导力

本文对村级女干部去女性化的现象进行反思,在为什么村级女干部会‘去女性化’?的问题导向下,从众多的影响因素中选取领导力(leadership)为切入点,提出假设:是不是因为女性的领导力低于男性,所以才会出现去女性化?通过借鉴国外对领导方式的2T分析框架,探讨村级女干部参与治理的应然和实然,即从应然上说,没有领导力效率的性别高低之分,只有工作类型的合适与否。从实然上分析,存在村级女干部去女性化的原因是观念、制度和现实的共谋。结论是在村级治理中,对男性化和女性化进行优势叠加的中性化是村级女干部的必然趋势。     

“Beijing +25” Retrospect and Prospect: The Establishment of Sexual Harassment Prevention Mechanism in the Workplace from the Perspective of Human Rights

Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination and gender-based violence.lt is a fundamental human right to be in a safe environment at work,free from violence and sexual harassment.The Beijing Platform for Action adopted by the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women in 1995 strengthened the consensus that sexual harassment is violence against women.Sexual harassment in the workplace affects critical areas of concern in the Beijing Platform for Action,such as violence against women,women and economy, and human rights of women.This article reviews the progress and achievements of Chinese government in policy making,law improvement,administrative coordination and governance in the sexual harassment prevention in the workplace for the past 25 years,especially over the past five years.Through analyzing existing issues,this research puts forward measures and suggestions for improving the legal normative system,promoting the formation of joint efforts of different departments and enhancing the employer's initiative.The implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action should be accelerated so as to push for the improvement of sexual harassment prevention mechanism in the workplace and to promote the protection of women's rights and interests.     

Methodological and Measurement Issues in School Violence Research

SUMMARY

School violence became a topic of broad national concern in the United States in reaction to a series of tragic school shootings during the 1990s. Efforts to understand and prevent school shootings have stimulated the rapid development of a broader interest in school safety with an emerging multidisciplinary research agenda. The maturation and fulfillment of this research agenda require that researchers critically examine their research methods and measurement strategies. This article introduces a volume that examines fundamental methodological and measurement issues in the rapidly expanding body of research on school safety and violence. The authors hope to stimulate greater attention to methodological pitfalls and critical measurement issues that hinder research progress in several related areas, including the uncertain reliability and validity of self-report surveys used to measure high-risk behavior and bullying, the limitations of discipline referral databases as a source of information on school climate, and the overly narrow focus on relatively infrequent critical incidents of violence, often at the expense of a more comprehensive and multifactorial examination of the school environment.     

K-12 Teachers' Perceptions of School Policy and Fear of School Violence

Abstract

Since the 1990s, schools have focused their attention on policies designed to improve school safety. Most researches on school violence policies have concentrated on the needs of students and administrators. This study investigated the impact of school violence policies on K-l 2 teachers' fear. Using self-report data from 447 K-12 teachers from a large southeastern school district and multilevel path analysis, this study showed that K-12 teachers' perceptions of school policies impacted their fear of school violence. Further, ecological factors had a direct relationship with teacher fear. Policy implications from these findings are discussed.     

农村留守妇女问题研究述评

本文对国内学者在留守妇女的产生原因、经济与社会地位的变化、婚姻状况以及生存状况方面的研究进行系统梳理,在此基础上提出可以进一步研究制度背景下的留守妇女为何没有形成集体认同感、留守妇女如何打破"符号暴力"等问题.     

Women's Leadership Programs in South Africa

SUMMARY

A central premise of this paper is that the training of women for leadership roles is a critical component of the development of communities as a whole. This was the central point of departure for a study that aimed to review women's leadership training programs in South Africa. This paper reports on this study in which 38 organizations from across the country participated. Three main data sources were used: Organizational materials, interviews and questionnaires. The analysis examined the following key features: Motivation for leadership training, approaches to leadership, understandings of gender difference, training techniques and strategies and outcomes. The findings revealed trends that may have implications for best practice frameworks in interventions targeted at leadership, gender and development.     

A dangerous game: Deng and the intellectuals

This article examines one aspect of China's “second revolution” led by Deng Xiaoping: the relationship between the post‐Mao leadership and the intellectuals, who were the most persecuted during the “Cultural Revolution.” When Deng took power in 1978, one tough challenge was to mobilize China's well‐educated men and women for the nation's modernization. New policies toward them were introduced to rekindle their enthusiasm in creative and critical academic activities. The anticipation of a new period of cooperation between the authorities and the intellectuals was, however, dashed by the bloodshed in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. Why did Deng, who sought the support of Chinese intellectuals for his modernization program, side with the Party's hard‐liners to order the military crackdown on pro‐democracy demonstrations? Will China's post‐Mao leadership no longer need the intellectuals’ help? This article argues that the Communist Party of China has been playing “a dangerous game of cooperation” with the intellectuals. Despite the tragic events, the game is likely to continue as long as the CCP proceeds with its modernization program and the intellectuals maintain their sense of mission. What remains uncertain is how the next round of game will be played out and who will emerge as the winner.     

Hidden Income and Occupational Background: evidence from Guangzhou

Using a unique dataset based on a survey conducted by the Guangzhou Land Resources and Housing Administrative Bureau from November 2009 to January 2010, this article examines the sources and distribution of the hidden income of residents from different occupational backgrounds, taking into consideration their explicit income and other socio-economic characteristics. The results show that government officials not only had the highest but also the most stable hidden income, followed by employees in state-owned enterprises and employees in colleges or research institutions. Among government officials, those holding higher-level positions possessed more hidden income than those in lower-level positions. These findings have implications for China's labour market, taxation and resource allocation, and need to be taken into consideration in future economic and political policy designs and implementations.     

家务劳动再分配的政策探索——日本“高龄女性贫困”问题的反思

进入深度老龄化社会的日本,"高龄女性贫困"的倾向日渐凸显。究其政策原因,在于长期以来优先对经济发展投资,将育儿养老等再生产领域的社会支出压缩到最低限度。由此形成的男性参与社会经济活动从事有酬劳动、女性承担再生产领域的家务劳动从事无酬劳动的格局,虽然使日本创造了快速经济发展的奇迹,但其代价是牺牲了一代女性参与政治、经济、社会活动的权利与机遇,并引发了当前的"高龄女性贫困"问题。近年来,日本注重探索家务劳动再分配政策路径,通过推进男女机会平等政策改革,提高家庭福利水平,改善女性劳动环境,防止"高龄女性贫困"问题继续蔓延。     

家庭暴力受虐妇女社会支持网络构建的实证研究——以天津市为例

本文试图从社会工作的角度,利用社会支持理论,从受虐妇女的心理需求、专业救助和辅导需求、亲友支持以及社会环境支持等需求出发,寻求构建受虐妇女社会支持网络、保护弱势女性权益的新途径。