诉讼证据客观性的理性定位——与绝对肯定说、否定说和统一体说商榷

本文初步梳理了诉讼证据客观性问题争论的缘起、解决客观性问题的几种代表性理性主张 ,最后从批判的历史理性主义观出发分析了客观性问题的理性实质并提出了建议性定位方案。     

Moral Objectivity and Reasonable Agreement: Can Realism Be Reconciled with Kantian Constructivism?

Abstract. In this paper I analyze the tension between realism and antirealism at the basis of Kantian constructivism. This tension generates a conflictive account of the source of the validity of social norms. On the one hand, the claim to moral objectivity characteristic of Kantian moral theories makes the validity of norms depend on realist assumptions concerning the existence of shared fundamental interests among all rational human beings. I illustrate this claim through a comparison of the approaches of Rawls, Habermas and Scanlon. On the other hand, however, objections to moral realism motivate many Kantian constructivists to endorse the antirealist claim that reasonable agreement is the source of the validity of social norms. After analyzing the difficulties in the latter strategy, I try to show how a balance between the realist and antirealist elements of Kantian constructivism can be reached by drawing a sharper distinction between the justice and the legitimacy of social norms.     

Sex Equality as Substantive Justice

Books reviewed in this article:
Sandra Fredman, Women and the Law
Aileen McColgan, Just Wages for Women     

平等与合理差别——兼论统一人身损害赔偿标准立法

人身损害赔偿标准的多重性,是我国人身损害赔偿立法的基本特点。科学、合理的赔偿标准,是人身损害赔偿制度科学性的重要体现。在确定具体的赔偿标准时,应在承认合理差别的基础上追求法律规则的平等性与公正性。     

Equality as a Basis for Religious Toleration: A Response to Leiter

In this short essay, I respond to Brian Leiter’s Why Tolerate Religion. I focus on two criticisms. First, I argue that Leiter’s own theory depends on an unacknowledged ideal of equality, and that equality is central to the utilitarian and Rawlsian bases for religious toleration that he draws upon in his book. Second, I argue against Leiter’s allowing, in certain circumstances, the state to establish religion and to promote religious conceptions of the good.     

光盘复制企业应负的审查与注意义务问题

关于光盘复制企业应负的审查与注意义务问题一直是实践中争论的焦点问题。在全国各法院以光盘复制企业为被告的侵权纠纷案中，是否尽到合理审查与与注意义务这个问题法律没有明确规定。《音像制品管理条例》不能做为法院判定其侵权的依据，应分清光盘复制企业和出版社的责任。改变目前由新闻出版行政部门将光盘委托书直接分配给出版社的做法，将光盘的出版、发行权直接赋予光盘复制企业。在此情况下权利人的利益会更得到有效的法律救济。     

平等权原则与宽容——以平等和自由的关系为向度

平等和自由之间是存在张力的,且经常表现为一种矛盾关系。国家强制平等往往通过一定的制度来实现,而这种制度如果不能在自由与平等之间保持某种适度平衡,就会导致来自国家或社会的歧视与缺乏宽容。就平等权原则在世界各国宪法上的规定及其实践而言,虽然不同国家的宪政制度和法治文化传统不同,但都体现了宽容的内在性要求,一如美国的"平等保护原则"和德国的"法律上的平等与禁止恣意原则"。鉴于我国人民代表大会制度下的"立法归类"可能造成的歧视和不宽容,将"法律面前人人平等"单纯理解为平等权或法律适用上的平等原则,都是不甚妥当的,它仍然有进一步诠释的余地。在更为根本的宪法原则层面,宽容理念要求确立社会法治国原则,以对传统法治国原则进行修正,以进一步调和自由与平等之间的内在紧张关系。     

司法客观性的理论构建

一、引语时值司法改革之际,人们普遍认为,法官严格依法办事是确保司法公正的必由路径.这种观点其实根植于一种关于法律的基本信念,即法律系独立于当事人和法官之外的,可据以明辨是非、定分止争的权威性标准;它具有客观的形式和严格的规范体系,不能被随意地解释或篡改.因此只要法官忠实于法律真意,即会求得客观公正的司法.这种对法律的信赖源远流长,可以一直追溯到法律诞生之初.     

EU Equality Law: Three Recent Developments

This article analyses three recent developments within the EU that have an impact on EU equality legislation: the coming into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Proposal to extend the material scope of the provisions against discrimination on the ground of religion and belief, disability, age and sexual orientation beyond the area of employment, and the case law of the European Court of Justice regarding the EU Equality Directives of 2000. It will assess whether these three developments have led to improved protection against discrimination for people in the EU.