略论李大钊对中国近代法律史学的贡献

李大钊在史学领域卓有建树,其史学理论及史学思想不仅对中国史学发展有巨大的推动之功,还对近代中国法律史学发展具有深远的指导意义。他的唯物史观为考察法律现象提供了新的视角,开辟了研治中国近代法律史学的新路径。他不但对法律史的学科归属进行了界定,构建了新的法律史学科架构,而且提出了研究法律史学的科学方法,为近代中国法律史学的研究与编撰提供了宝贵的借鉴。     

Writing Workshops for First Year Law: my contribution as an applied linguist

“Law schools should focus more on teaching writing – not some Procrustean monstrosity called ‘legal writing,’ but the ordinary techniques of constructing a sentence and telling a story” writes Roosevelt in his review of Divergent Paths: The Academy and the Judiciary by Posner. The Australian Threshold Learning Outcome expects law graduates to be effective, appropriate and persuasive as communicators when interacting with both legal and non-legal persons. We also know that embedding learning outcomes or graduate attributes throughout a programme encourages progressive learning. Furthermore, the whole of degree curriculum design undertaken from a shared perspective reflects industry and student requirements better than individual subjects can. In the absence of any whole of degree curriculum, the semester-long series of Writing Workshops for First Year Law (WWFYL) was created. Building on the success of past collaboration (Curró and Longo), WWFYL reflect a move away from a solitary, silent teaching culture to open sharing of practice. The widening participation and skills agendas remind us of the need to focus on the integration of academic literacies into law. If law is language, can applied linguistics make a contribution to the literacy needs of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds? As an applied linguist, my objective is to raise awareness of the elements and features of legal writing and demystify the specialised discourse and textual features. In this paper I present my theoretical framework borrowed from socio-constructivist theories, focusing on how students learn specific subject matter in particular contexts: “a teaching and learning process that makes transparent the practices and discourses of the subject area” (D. Warren, “Curriculum Design in a Context of Widening Participation in Higher Education” (2002) 1 Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 85, p. 88). Two snapshots of my classroom discourse demonstrating the practical application of my teaching are presented, as well as evaluation data supporting my approach.     

中华法系的百年历史叙事

回顾中国现代法学的世纪历程,中华法系的历史叙事主要在进化论、民族论和法治论三种语境中展开。不同语境中的法史学者,通过将中华法系与其他法系相比较,揭示出了彼此有别的中华法系之历史面貌。在进化论语境中,中华法系因其古.老而落后,丧失了型构现实生活秩序的生命力,需整体性地予以批判和否定。在民族论语境中,中华法系因其系统性、连续性和民族性而独具特色,整理、发掘、重述其历史谱系,既有助于增强民族文化自信力,也为重建“新中华法系”提供了重要的精神前提。在法治论语境中,中华法系以其“治乱之道”和“良法善治”的血缘伦理身份内涵表明,在前现代社会中法律不可能获得型构社会生活秩序的权威地位。法制现代化是不同语境下中华法系之历史叙事的共同追求,中华法系研究的百年学术史,实质上是一部追求法治文明的中国现代精神史。     

进化论思潮与近代中国法制现代化

进化论作为近代中国一种社会思潮,它急速涨涌于戊戌前后,主宰了直至五四前后的近代中国思想界。它吹响改良派法制现代化思想启蒙的号角,成为榫接新民主主义法制现代化的先导,对于近代中国法制现代化运动起了一定程度的推进作用。     

重评礼刑合一的法制构架

学界的主流意见认为,中华法系的主要特征在于法律与道德相融合,“诸法合体、民刑不分”,不融于源自西方的现代法治,某种程度上甚至构成现代法治追求的障碍。这种认识未能深入中华帝国法制构架形成的历史动因,从而也就难以理解和揭示帝国立法的理性方面及其所蕴含的政治智慧。从中华帝国政治使命实现的视角去审视其“礼刑合一”的法制架构,就不仅能洞见它与“三代”礼乐文化传统的契合无间,更能准确把握这一法制架构的理性特征。帝国法制架构的泛刑罚化现象根源于帝国安全的军事化政治使命的实现,具有自治性的礼制规范的创立与维护同样关涉帝国安全与秩序的稳定。这是值得现代人们珍视的古代立法智慧。传统法制之现代转型的成功则有赖于政治家和立法者之现代世界观的真正确立。     

The Roman Law Tradition and Its Future Development in China

In Late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese Law Family was disintegrated and the Western Law was introduced into China. Finally, China adopted the European continental Roman law tradition. This paper analyzes the reason for China’s borrowing of such legal system and probes its development and reform in the later years. It also tries to answer the question of what will be the possible impact upon the current Chinese legal system since China now implements the policy of “one country two systems” in order to realize its reunification with Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. In addition, it will make some prediction upon the future development of Chinese legal system. Translated from Tsinghua Law Review, Vol. 2, 1999 (in Chinese)     

Feminism and the siren call of law

Feminists have so often declared and celebrated the fecundity of the relationship between feminism and legal reform that critique of legal doctrine and norms, together with proposals for their reconstruction, have become the hallmarks of the modern feminist engagement with law. Yet today the long-cherished ‘truth’ about law’s potentially beneficial impact on women’s lives has started to fade and the quest for legal change has become fraught with problems. In responding to the aporetic state in which feminist legal scholarship now finds itself, this paper offers a recounting of the relationship between feminism and the politics of legal reform. However, in so doing, it seeks neither to support nor to oppose these politics. Instead, it explores the historical contingencies that made this discourse possible. Utilizing Foucault’s concept of episteme, it demarcates the nineteenth century as the historical moment in which this discourse arose, and tracing the epistemic shifts underpinning the production of knowledge, locates its positivities at the interface of the time’s episteme and the discourse of transcendental subjectivity that it engendered.

中华法系中“礼”“律”关系之辨正——质疑中国法律史研究中的某些“定论”

"中华法系"是在近代比较法研究中出现的概念,这个法系的核心价值观与根本制度是礼。但长期以来,学界在研究中将律作为中华法系的主干,而将礼束之高阁。有关礼的论述笼统而缺乏细致与具体,对礼在中华法系中的地位和作用认识严重不足。正是这种几乎将礼摒弃在法研究领域之外的做法,使我们对中华法系产生了一系列误解。比如将"重刑轻民"、"以刑为主"归纳为中华法系的特点等等。在中华法系的制度构成中,律只是各种法律中的"一端",其地位与作用都远远不能与礼相提并论。但律在中华法系中确实又有其特殊性,这就是在礼的指导下,"律义"经历了一个由法而儒的演变过程。但这个过程恰恰证明了,在中华法系中占据主导与主流地位的是礼,而不是律。     

从法文化视角看中华法系的形成与影响

中华法系源远流长,泽被东西。中华法系的形成首先依赖于中华文化圈的形成,中华文化圈的形成和封建法典儒家化的完成都是在唐代。中华法系的基本精神乃是礼法结合,在重视法律的基础上,重视道德的作用,终极目的乃是致力于建立“无讼”的和谐社会。所以中华法系的精神和法律文化值得现代世界各国探究和借鉴。     

比较法制史:中国法律史学研究的新视角

“比较法制史”无论是作为一种学科分类 ,还是一种重要的方法论 ,长久以来一直引起人们的关注。早期的法制史学者不仅在中国法制史教学与科研中运用比较法制史的方法 ,还在《比较法制史》的教材编写上作了有益的尝试。在新中国的法制史学科发展历程中 ,学者们也很重视比较法制史。 2 1世纪中国法律史学的发展应着眼于全球化 ,及时转换研究视角 ,尽快构建比较法制史的理论体系 ,发挥其在中国法律史教学与研究中的积极作用 ,以提高法律教育的质量。