父母官、公仆还是职业官僚？

在过去的时代，直接管老百姓的地方官有两种别称，一种是父母官，另一种是牧民之官。这两种别称，分别代表两种含义：父母官意味治下的老百姓是官的儿女；牧民之官则意味老百姓是某种动物，简单地说就是家畜，一种被人驯化的动物。     

推动党建与业务融合共促 提升涉外法律服务质量

<正>1992年12月,上海市建纬律师事务所成立。1995年10月,建纬所成立党支部;2021年9月,建纬所成立党总支。近年来,我们坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,积极响应和落实司法部党组提出的“五点希望”,努力探索新时代律所党建工作新思路,引导律师把坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”落实到行动上,把“两拥护”要求落实到律师执业全过程各方面,在律所管理、业务发展、涉外法治等方面取得了一些经验成果。     

我院馆藏两种稀见清代法律抄本的初步研究

西南政法学院图书馆新发现两种稀见的清代法律图书抄本,一种为《大清律续纂条例》(乾隆八年本),另一种暂定名为《例编》。《大清律续纂条例》共五十五条,主要采乾隆五、六、七年成例修定,是清王朝于乾隆五年颁行《大清律例》后的第一次修律成果,其中如“教唆词理”、“知情藏匿罪人”等条立法都有新的发展。《例编》编辑乾隆五年至乾隆九年定例为主,与差不多同期编定的《定例续编》相比,自有特色和长处,其中关于外商带米来中国减免税收、《捐赎条例》等定例及抄本主人的七十多个注释,均有较高的史料价值。研究这两部书的内容对进一步具体了解清代据成例而修例的修律制度极有帮助。从两部抄本中不但可以获得有关清代立法、司法方面的稀见原始资料,而且其所包容的关于康乾盛世的社会、政治、经济等方面的资料也殊属难得。     

你上班还是理家？测测就知道

在测试之前，我们必须清楚地知道这个判断，理家的女人绝不比职业女人矮一头。两种不同的角色之间，没有能力，智力与品德上的高下之分，     

论清代官批民调及其对现行委托调解的启示

清代民事调解有一种半官半民的特殊形式,即官批民调。其表现类型多样,具有固定流程,是清代社会治理结构、司法体制特点等多种因素作用的产物。黄宗智先生将清代这种半官半民的中间地带称之为纠纷解决的"第三领域"。现行委托调解也具有半官半民的性质,与官批民调同属"第三领域"的民事调解,但二者在产生动因及内容构造上存在明显差异。不过,就适用范围界定和调解人甄选而言,官批民调能为委托调解提供有益启示。     

法官角色视野下的裁判理性——以2005“中国法官十杰”先进事迹介绍为分析范本

我国法官角色实际上是一个复杂的角色丛。法官角色多元性导致了法官常会同时受到多种社会角色规范的调整与制约，导致其裁判行为往往围绕着“了断纠纷”展开，努力以“案结事了”结束，而不过分在乎是不是能够呈现完美的“规则之制”。这一法官角色视野下的裁判现象所呈现出的裁判理性，彰显了一种正在东方与西方的法律文化之间穿行超越的裁判理性，表现为裁判文化的融合；揭露了一种仍在传统模式与现代格式之间彷徨徘徊的裁判理性，表现为裁判方式的转变；昭示了一种正艰难地在工具理性与价值理性之间选择取舍的裁判理性，表现为裁判价值的重构。     

论清代合同的类型——基于徽州合同文书的实证分析

徽州合同文书覆盖的时代广泛、数量众多、类型较全,基本可以说明中国古代合同文书的概貌。清代徽州的定型合同代表了成熟化、定型化的社会关系。由于清代基层社会利益的多样性、复杂性和动态性,定型合同不足以应付所有的财产关系或社会关系,在解决不确定或不可预知的利益关系中,不定型合同扮演了十分重要的角色。不定型合同遵循合同自愿原则,只要双方就协商事项达成合意,合同即告成立。清代徽州不定型合同与定型合同之间的递进、替代或转化轨迹,很可能为我们开启了另一扇窥探中国社会史的窗户,透过这扇窗户,清代民间社会的区域性、时代性和动态性等面相,都可放在一种新的视角中得到验证。     

士商契合与明清性灵思潮的演变

明代中期的李梦阳、康海和王世贞等在商贾之风的影响下转变心态,由格调转向性灵,为明清性灵思潮的孕育期;晚明公安三袁、钟惺、谭元春以及郑元勋等将性灵思潮推向高峰,其重要的动因之一是士商心灵上的契合;清代中叶袁枚、赵翼等与商贾以性灵为核心的契合,以及群体交流、领袖风范、老成气度、超旷心目上的影响,促进了性灵说的成熟和完备.商贾的活跃,尤其是士与商的相互交流、相互影响,是袁枚等人集明清性灵文学思想之大成的重要动因.     

读《阅微草堂随笔》三思

《阅微草堂随笔》是清代有“铜嘴铁牙”之称的纪昀(字晓岚)所著的五种笔记小说集的总名,与蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》一同风行一时。书中的故事,趣味盎然,寓理于事,无不蕴涵着深刻的为官之理。近读此书,生发三思。一思“干净”与“干事”。为官既要“干净”,又要“干事”。只求清廉,     

从一起律师索赔案引出的法律思考

我们认为上海建纬律师事务所在为恒积大厦房地产开发提供全过程法律服务中并无过错，原审判其承担经济损失赔偿责任既无事实根据，又无法律依据。一、恒积大厦与建纬所签订的《专项法律服务合同》实质上是典型的委托合同、在双方间形成委托法律关系且合法有效。二、恒积大厦与上海新联康公司签订的《恒积大厦广告制作及物业预售、预租行销委托书》是他们之间有关广告、大厦预售、预租事务的另一份委托合同。三、恒积大厦与新联康双方的《行销委托书》中新约定的对大厦进行预售、预租、包租的事务是由新联康受托承办的，而并不是委托给建纬所…     

我国官员问责制的建构及完善

官员问责制在启动不到两年的时间里,就取得了引人注目的成就。在实践操作层面,惩治了一批不作为和滥作为的官员,给各级各类官员极大的震撼,对传统的“无过便是功”的为官之道以巨大冲击;在制度层面,从中央到地方,出台了一系列针对官员的问责制度,使官员问责走上规范化、制度化和民主化的轨道。由于问责制度尚处在草创阶段,权责不清,问责标准不明,问责主要局限于同体问责,异体问责力度不够,在问责过程中缺乏相应的救济制度,这些问题有待进一步建设和完善。     

渎职犯罪主体的界定

渎职犯罪主体是特殊主体,即国家机关工作人员,这种特殊性,使人们在适用法律时,往往碰到诸多的困惑与尴尬。渎职犯罪主体可分为纯正国家机关工作人员和非纯正国家机关工作人员二类,非纯正国家机关工作人员须作更进一步的界定。     

Public information; communications with state and foreign government officials--FDA. Proposed rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to amend its regulations governing communications with State and foreign government officials. The proposed rule would permit FDA to disclose confidential commercial information to international organizations having responsibility to facilitate global or regional harmonization of standards and requirements. These disclosures would, in almost all instances, occur only with the consent of the person providing the confidential commercial information to FDA. The proposed rule would also streamline the process for FDA officials to disclose certain nonpublic, predecisional documents (such as draft rules and guidance documents) to State and foreign government officials. The proposal does not alter current procedures for sharing documents that contain confidential commercial information. These changes are intended to facilitate information exchanges with State and foreign governments and certain international organizations.     

The Diffusion of the Concept of Public Figure in China

This article considers how and why the legal concept of public figure, which holds public figures to a higher standard that makes it more difficult for them to recover damages when suing for libel, has been diffused in China. The public figure concept developed in the U.S. context as an extension of New York Times v. Sullivan from public officials to public figures, reflecting the deeply embedded value of freedom of expression. Despite authoritarianism in China, the concept was adapted in the rulings of some local courts to define the limits of the right to reputation. The diffusion was a response to a stream of litigation against media organizations. In the process of diffusion and adaptation, courts have acted strategically to reshape the public figure concept and refashion its justifications. Given the political constraints on courts in authoritarian China, they have been careful to avoid applying the concept to public officials, and instead have applied the concept to public figures such as celebrities. The diffusion of the concept in China sheds light on theories of legal diffusion more broadly, by illustrating how the process of diffusion can be bottom‐up and open‐ended, and how it can occur even in a counter‐intuitive case in which there are significant political and ideational differences between the two countries.     

官员财产申报制度：立法、实践与制度完善

近年来，官员财产申报制度日益成为公共讨论空间中的热点话题，这一领域的制度实践也在一些地方得以展开。继20世纪80年代末国家推行“政务公开”和政府信息公开制度以来，官员财产申报和公开制度，正在成为中国“阳光政府”工程一个必然的逻辑延伸和制度建设的重要组成部分。     

关于完善我国行政问责制的思考

近年来,中央党政机关和地方政府出台了一系列有关行政问责的条例、办法和规定,一些官员被问责,行政问责制在我国有了很大的进展。但是,在行政问责的主体、对象、事项范围、程序与方式等方面还存在诸多问题。为此,我国应进一步完善行政问责制,强化异体问责主体,明确行政问责对象,拓宽行政问责事项范围,健全行政问责程序规则,严格采用准确、恰当的责任追究与承担方式,以期推动以人为本、执政为民的责任政府的建设进程。     

公共服务供给主体选择的悖论及其消解策略

古典经济学在深入论证公共服务市场供给无效性的基础上,将政府视为唯一的当然主体。然而,市场之手失灵并不意味着政府这只看得见的手必然有效。事实上,政府垄断型供给模式会引发诸如公共服务的超量供给、效率低下、质量低劣、有效供给不足等一系列制度性缺陷,由此形成了公共服务供给主体选择的悖论。为了寻求破解悖论的密码,需要摆脱在政府或市场两极间进行选择的惯性思维逻辑,借鉴新公共管理、治理理论等分析工具,构建我国公共服务的一主多元型供给新模式。这一模式势必需要我国政府实现从直接生产者的单一角色向动态兼任生产者、安排者和培育者的“多面人”角色转换。     

Justice Excused: The Deployment of Law in Everyday Political Encounters

This paper examines the use of legal claims by government officials and citizens in everyday political encounters involving civil rights. Data come from 580 letters sent to the federal government between 1939 and 1941, and from the replies sent by the newly formed Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department. In almost every case, the department refused to intervene and explained its refusal by making legal claims about federal jurisdiction. These legal claims masked the department's discretionary choices and thus helped depoliticize the encounters. Surprisingly, however, a substantial number of letter writers challenged the government's legal claims by deploying their own legal and moral arguments. The willingness of these citizens to challenge official legal pronouncements cautions against making broad generalizations about the capacity of ordinary people to respond effectively when government officials deploy legal rhetoric.     

The Application of the Transcendental Meditation Program to Corrections

In 1976, Lockheed Corporation was charged with making secret payments of at least $25 million to Japanese officials during the early 1970s. It was alleged that these payments were made in order to secure aircraft sales contracts with several Japanese airlines. At that time, Lockheed executives claimed that Japanese officials insisted that consideration of Lockheed as a contractor would require advance payments to several government officials. In spite of this claim, Congress passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977 which treats these payments as bribery, rather than extortion, and prohibits them with the threat of criminal penalties. During the last 10 years, Japan has tried and convicted 15 former government officials of bribery and other crimes in the Lockheed affair. This paper assesses the effects of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in regulating business conduct, and the validity of the claims by Lockheed and the Japanese officials 10 years later, now that the trials are over.     

地方官员政策偏好的风险防范及整合

地方官员因其处于特殊的地方权力体系当中,故其个人偏好容易代替社会偏好直接进入政策制定过程,造成公共政策的决策风险加大。分析地方官员政策偏好特别是不良偏好的表现形态及原因,寻找地方官员政策偏好风险防范及有效整合措施,保证决策的民主化和科学化,是地方政府公共政策制定和实施中的重要课题。