魏晋时期多元化法学世界观论析

文章从玄学、佛学、法家学说和儒学四个层次入手,剖析了魏晋南北朝时期法学世界观的内涵、相互关系以及对法和法学发展的影响。指出多元化的法学世界观是该时期立法和律学研究的基础,也是隋唐时期中国法律走向昌盛的历史渊源。     

场外交易市场民事纠纷解决机制研究

场外交易市场的特殊主体、特殊交易制度、特殊融资产品和特殊监管制度导致场外交易市场纠纷呈现出了与交易所市场不同的类型和特点。现有证券市场纠纷解决诉讼机制天然不足,非诉机制严重缺失。完善场外交易市场纠纷解决应从诉与非诉两种路径展开,扩大证券民事诉讼受案范围,废除起诉条件的前置程序,完善代表人诉讼制度,实行因果关系推定和举证责任倒置,同时建立相互衔接的内、外部纠纷调解机制和完善的证券仲裁裁决机制。     

Changes in the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood under the action of high temperatures

Changes in carboxyhemoglobin concentrations are studied in 18 specimens of cadaveric blood 1-2 h and 3 days after heating to 50, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 90 degrees C for 5, 10, and 20 min. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin decreased to 15% after heating at 70-75 degrees C for 10 and 20 min. Heating to 80-90 degrees makes the measurements impossible. Five-min heating at 50-65 degrees C did not change the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood.     

Bone age assessment: the applicability of the Greulich-Pyle method in eastern Turkish children

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method is adequate for Turkish children. A group of 767 individuals (425 girls and 342 boys) between 7 and 17 years were studied. Bone age (BA) from plain radiographs of left hands and wrists by GP standards was estimated. The total mean differences between BA and chronological age (CA) for girls and boys were found to be 0.20 and -0.13 years, respectively. There were significant differences between BA and CA in age groups 7-, 8-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, 15-, and 16-year-olds for girls and 7-, 10-, and 12-year-olds for boys. The results of this study suggest that the mean differences between BA and CA are low enough to be of no practical significance, and thus, for the time being unless any other methods will be proved more useful, this method could be used in all age groups.     

孔姓人群Y染色体遗传多态性研究及其法医学意义

目的获取孔姓人群Y-SNP和Y-STR遗传标记的信息,探索姓氏与Y染色体的关联性及法医学意义。方法采用等级复合扩增和SNaPshot技术检测255例孔姓男性和330例随机无关男性样本的12个Y-SNPs位点信息;采用Y filer试剂盒检测孔姓人群的17个Y-STRs基因座;应用Arlequin 3.5.1.2、Network4.6.1.1进行统计分析。结果12个Y-SNPs位点构成13种单倍群分型,孔姓人群和无关人群中最高分布频率的单倍群均为O3a2c1a-M117(21.57%,14.85%)。孔姓人群17个Y-STRs基因座构成的196种单倍型,多态性为0.993 9,单倍型14-12-25-28-19-15-12-19-12-11-12-22-12-11-14-10-19出现15次。O3-M122单倍群的中介网络树及不配对差异分析显示孔姓人群有两个中心星型分布,核苷酸不配对曲线呈单峰泊松分布。结论联合Y-SNP和Y-STR遗传标记分析表明孔姓人群存在复杂的基因交流,有多个姓氏起源,且在历史上经历过一定的扩张或持续增长,结合孔姓家谱历史分析其人群结构的遗传差异在法医学方面有潜在的应用价值。     

论《联合国反腐败条约》与我国刑事法之协调

2003年12月9日,中国政府签署了《联合国反腐败公约》。国际反腐败趋势及我国反腐败刑事立法与《联合国反腐败公 约》存在一些差异,我国刑事法应与《联合国反腐败公约》进一步协调。     

Effect of methamphetamine abuse on the bone quality of the calcaneus.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine, a derivative of amphetamine, has been said to cause mainly mental dependency in humans, but only little is known about its physical dependency. Like other narcotics, it may have chronic effects on the human body, so, this study was planned to evaluate it by examining the bone quality of the skeletal system. METHOD: Among the convicts serving in Fuchu Prison, two groups of people were chosen according to their methamphetamine experience. The bone quality of the calcaneus of both abusers (n = 59, ages 41 +/- 11 years) and controls (n = 50, aged 45 +/- 13 years) was examined with an Achilles ultrasound bone densitometer. SOS (speed of sound) and BUA (broadband ultrasound attenuation), both of which were obtained from the measurement and are an indicator of the strength of bone, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The SOS of the abuser group was 1559 +/- 24 (mean +/- SD) m/s and this was significantly lower than that of the control group, 1570 +/- 27 (mean +/- SD) m/s (p = 0.017). The BUAs of the abuser group and the control group were 108 +/- 10 and 110 +/- 10 (mean +/- SD) dB/MHz, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (p = 0.181). CONCLUSION: There was loss of SOS of the calcaneus in methamphetamine abusers.     

论强化对西部非公有制经济的法律保护

计划经济时代，非公有制经济几乎无容身之地。在我国向社会主义市场经济转型过程中，非公有制经济的发展是社会化大生产、大分工发展和经济全球化、一体化的必然结果。由于体制的顾虑和历史的隔膜，非公有制经济现处于博弈之中的弱势地位。特别在西部较东部更为不发达的社会环境下更需进一步转变观念，加强对非公有制经济的法律保护力度。     

Gunshot injuries as a topic of medicolegal research in the German-speaking countries from the beginning of the 20th century up to the present time

The 100th anniversary of the foundation of the German Society of Legal Medicine is a good opportunity to review its contributions to forensic wound ballistics. The present article gives an overview of the scientific development in this field with special emphasis on work pioneering new developments and findings valid up to the present day, for example the presence of carboxyhemoglobin in the vicinity of the entrance wound as a sign of a contact or close-range shot [A. Paltauf, Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 3 (1890) 984-991, 1015-1017]; the correct interpretation of the muzzle imprint [A. Werkgartner, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 6 (1924) 148-161] and the retrograde ballooning of the bullet entrance region in contact shots [F. Hausbrandt, Dtsch. Z. ges. Gerichtl. Med. 38 (1944) 45-76; H. Elbel, Med. Welt 20 (1958) 343-345]; wound patterns from captive-bolt livestock stunners [H. Czursiedel, Dtsch. Z. ges. Gerichtl. Med. 28 (1937) 132-133]; singeing of synthetic fiber textiles in close-range shots with nitro powder ammunition [S. Berg, Arch. Kriminol. 124 (1959) 5-8,17-22]; the wound ballistic processes on penetration of the bullet and the origin of the abrasion collar [K. Sellier, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 25 (1969) 265-270]. More recently medicolegal research in the German-speaking countries covered the following subjects: studies of the dynamic bullet-target interactions in experimental gunshots to simulants and composite body models; use of modern imaging techniques (CT, MRI) in the pre-autopsy diagnosis of lethal gunshot injuries; injuries from blank guns; mechanisms of incapacitation by gunshot injuries; development of improved methods for the evidence of gunshot residues on the firing hand; backspatter from close-range shots; medicolegal contributions in the discrimination of accidental, homicidal and suicidal gunshot injuries.     

目击证人错误记忆的影响因素研究综述

目击证人对犯罪嫌疑人辨认的结果是定案的重要依据,但目击证人的错误记忆产生的不当陈述又是案件错判的最常见原因,提高目击证人辨认的准确性对于惩罚犯罪和保障公民的权利至关重要。目击证人受外界环境、主观心理等多方面的作用,形成错误记忆,严重影响辨认的准确性。因此,应当借鉴认知心理学对错误记忆的研究方法,抑制错误记忆对目击证人的影响因素,提高目击证人辨认结果的准确性。     

论劳动教养适用对象规定的完善

劳动教养制度是一个极具中国特色的制度。劳动教养在控制和预防犯罪,维护社会治安方面有一定的积极作用,但也存 在着诸多问题与弊端。公安部的规定对劳动教养对象范围做出了明确规定,但在实践中,还存在理论与现实脱节的情况,劳教对象范 围方面的立法还需要进行调整。     

治理理论视角下的交通协管员探析

交通协管员作为一种对交通警察管理公共交通事务的辅助力量，在当前国内现实的车路矛盾、人路矛盾、人车矛盾凸显的情况下，有着积极的作用和意义。在公共管理理论中的治理理论视野下，尤其是在公共治理与多中心治理理论的角度探析交通协管员，把国内交通协管员的实践看作是一种公共治理理论和多中心治理理论的较为典型的实践形式，提出交通协管员发展的多元化发展，综合化发展，法治化发展和组织化发展的方向和趋势。     

包容性实证主义法学之承认规则类别研究

包容性法律实证主义者认为法律效力的判准包括两类:作为主要类别的“系谱类判准”以及作为次要类别的“内容类判准”。经由承认规则的系谱类判准,包容性实证主义法学理论论证了法律效力乃是由一些明确的社会事实决定的;经由承认规则的内容类判准,其展示了道德包容于法律的另一种可能路径,使法律与道德的可能分离论点得到了进一步说明。     

Melatonin concentrations in the sudden infant death syndrome

To examine a possible relationship between pineal function and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), samples of whole blood, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or vitreous humor (VH) were obtained at autopsy from 68 infants (45 male, 23 female) whose deaths were attributed to either SIDS (n = 32, 0.5-5.0 months of age; mean +/- S.E.M., 2.6 +/- 0.2 months) or other causes (non-SIDS, n = 36, 0.3-8.0 months of age 4.3 +/- 0.3 months). The melatonin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. A significant correlation was observed for melatonin levels in different body fluids from the same individual. After adjusting for age differences, CSF melatonin levels were significantly lower among the SIDS infants (91 +/- 29 pmol/l; n = 32) than among those dying of other causes (180 +/- 27; n = 35, P less than 0.05). A similar, but non-significant trend was also noted in blood (97 +/- 23, n = 30 vs. 144 +/- 22 pmol/l, n = 33) and vitreous humor (68 +/- 21, n = 10 vs. 81 +/- 17 pmol/l, n = 15). These differences do not appear to be explainable in terms of the interval between death and autopsy, gender, premortem infection or therapeutic measures instituted prior to death. Diminished melatonin production may be characteristic of SIDS and could represent an impairment in the maturation of physiologic circadian organization.     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中caspase-6、-7表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的　观察皮肤切创损伤愈合过程中 ,caspase 6、 7在损伤周边区内的表达及其变化规律。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术观察伤后不同时间小鼠皮肤切创组织中caspase 6、 7的表达 ,以非切创小鼠皮肤组织作对照。 结果　伤后 6h的损伤皮肤组织中可见少量多核粒细胞表达caspase 6、 7,伤后 12～ 2 4h ,大部分浸润的多核粒细胞及部分单核细胞为caspase 6、 7阳性。随伤后时间延长 ,caspase 6、 7阳性细胞以单核细胞及成纤维细胞为主。伤后 0～ 3h ,caspase 6、 7阳性细胞比率较低 ,12h后逐渐增加 ,伤后 3d达高峰 ,其后逐渐下降。 结论　小鼠皮肤损伤愈合过程中 ,caspase 6、 7在损伤周边区内中性粒细胞 ,单核细胞及成纤维细胞中表达 ,其时序性变化规律可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

Association between LDLR polymorphism and diseases in the Japanese population: aging and distribution of the polymorphism

A number of DNA polymorphisms have been found to be associated with the pathophysiology of some common disease. If the LDLR polymorphism is directly or indirectly related to some fatal disease, the distribution of the polymorphism may vary with age. We therefore investigated the aging-associated distribution of the LDLR polymorphism. Blood samples were collected from Japanese cadavers (aged 0-91) at autopsy. The LDLR polymorphism was detected using a AmpliType PM PCR Typing kit. When the LDLR genotype was examined in cadavers divided according to age into 0-29 year group, 30-59 year group, and 60-91 year group, there were significant differences in genotype among the three age groups and between the 0-29 year group and 60-91 year group. The LDLR-A genotype tended to be lower in the older cadavers. The present study revealed that there were aging-dependent differences in the distribution of the LDLR polymorphism in autopsy samples, suggesting that a common mutation involved in the occurrence of fatal diseases may be present near the LDLR-A polymorphism locus.     

论出租车经营中的垄断问题

出租车经营中存在的垄断问题,包括：出租车公司与交通主管部门之间存在政企同盟、出租车公司滥用市场支配地位和形成垄断协议、自由资本对低效管制体制的冲击等。解决问题的路径除了现实主导的行政力量外,还可以有反垄断执法机构的执法、法院的反垄断司法。     

家兔死后眼玻璃体液镁，铁含量与PMI关系的研究

目的寻找一种精确推定PMI的方法。方法应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),检测家兔死后96h内眼玻璃体液镁、铁元素含量,探讨其与PMI的相关性。结果家兔死后0～48h眼玻璃体液镁元素含量与PMI显著相关,6～48h铁元素含量与PMI显著相关,其二项式回归方程分别为y=0.0738x2+0.6997x+11.45(R2=0.9119)、y=0.0411x2-0.3148x+1.4113(R2=0.9594)。结论家兔死后眼玻璃体液Mg、Fe含量变化可作为推定48h内PMI的参考指标之一。     

Forensic medical estimation of the morphological changes in the myocardium and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in case of sudden cardiac death

This morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical study of the myocardium, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus included 50 corpses of men aged from 25-49 years deceased by reason of acute coronary failure associated with coronary heart disease. The commonest lesions in the myocardium were contractures (54.3 +/- 3.5% [51.2; 57.8%]), cyclic deformation (44.7 +/- 6.3% [38.2; 51.4%]), and dissociation of cardiomyocytes (61.2 +/- 2.3% [56.3; 64.8%]). The sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the heart contained large amounts of adrenaline-positive cells (45.6 +/- 4.5% [40.1; 48.7%]) and 34.2 +/- 2.9% [31.2; 37.4%]). The equally large numbers of adrenaline-positive cells were detected in the adrenal medulla (67.2 +/- 6.8% [61.9; 74.3%]). The arcuate, supraoptic, and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus underwent reversible changes of neutron content (the degree of damage 25.6 +/- 4.8% [21.2; 29.8%]) and contained large amounts of noradrenaline-positive and dopamine-positive neural cells (54.2 +/- 3.6% [51.4; 59.3%]) and 28.7 +/- 2.1% [23.4; 31.7%]) respectively. It is concluded that the morphometric and immunohistochemical changes detected in the present study can be used as the additional forensic medical criteria for diagnostics of death from acute coronary failure associated with coronary heart disease.