性的公权控制

性权利的产生是一个漫长的过程。史前 ,性既非权利也非义务。后来 ,性附属于生育而成了一项义务。随着文艺复兴以及“性革命”浪潮等的推动 ,性权利开始为人所关注 ,并最终为《性权宣言》所肯定。《性权宣言》以性自由权为核心构筑了性权利体系。国家公权对性的介入 ,古代以维护性秩序为主 ,今天则应以维护公民性权利为原则。性权利要求公权力的保护 ,同时也要求对公权力的限制。公权干预性行为的原则以及性行为本身的自然性、私密性与伦理性的特征 ,在决定国家公权对性干预与控制的难度的同时 ,也决定了国家公权对性干预与控制的限度。     

关于继续性合同的几个问题

本文阐述了有关继续性合同的几个问题。前两部分着重考察了继续性合同的概念和分类。它包括三种类型 :继续性供给合同、固有的继续性合同、新型的继续性合同。最后一部分运用经济分析方法讨论了继续性合同的功能 ,认为继续性合同是富有效率的 ,既能降低交易成本 ,又能增进合同双方当事人的信任。     

证据可采性认定的自由裁量及其限制——美国百年证据制度改革的启示

裁量性证据可采性认定模式可以解决司法体制运行中的诸多问题,其实美国证据制度改革之初就已经确立了裁量性的证据可采性认定模式,可以说裁量性证据可采性认定是美国证据法的重要内容。不过美国的裁量性证据可采性认定的百年历史中也出现了影响法的可预测性、损害司法公正、背离可采性规则的目的等缺点。受此启发,中国证据能力评价的裁量性模式可以借鉴威格摩尔的理论,以详细的、具有指导性意义的规则约束裁量权。     

受教育权可诉性新论

受教育权是享有和实现其他权利的基础性权利或“授权性”权利。本文提出了判断受教育权可诉性的标准,从受教育权可诉性的阙如、可司法性和多样性方面系统考察了受教育权在全球层面、区域层面、外国层面的衍生和发展,并在查明中国受教育权可诉性现状的基础上探讨了中国提升受教育权可诉性的现实途径。     

论融资性分期付款买卖

本文从融资性分期付款的涵义出发,阐述了融资性分期付款买卖中的法律关系,分析了融资性分期付款买卖中的消费者保护方面存在的问题,并提出了自己相应的见解。     

论性的私法调整

私法对性保护的缺失导致对性权利保护的不足,性权利本质上是私权,私法应该对性权利加以调整并创设性人格权.性人格权由性自主权、生育权构成.创设了性人格权后,可以解决实践中许多问题如:婚内强奸问题、强奸后精神损害赔偿问题等.     

男性性权利的刑法保护

性权利作为公民人身权利其中的一种,应当受到法律的保护,无论是男女,都有性权利.但在我国,两性性权利的法律保护却存在一定差异.女性的性权利得到了可谓尽善尽美的关注和保护,但反观男性,刑法对男性的性权利的保护是不全面的,甚至出现了法律的真空,从而导致男性性权利无法得到刑法的有效保护.     

性权的法理学分析

性权的法律属性应是“性存在”的“人”的自然的、初始的权利和自由,人类进入文明社会以后,性规范经历了性宽松—性禁锢—性解放的历史演变,其价值取向是自由、平等、正义与秩序。性权的法律规制主要表现为公权力对性自由的约控,性权在我国法学界存在明显的理论准备的不足和司法实践的回避,性权作为一种人权应予以法律保护。     

经济法可诉性实现之反思

法的可诉性是法律的应然属性,是赋权性概念。经济法可诉性指经济法纠纷可以诉求司法机关解决的必要性与终局性。本文就经济法的可诉性做了简要的分析和探讨,以期对相关的司法实践有所助益。     

语言符号象似性

象似性是当今认知语言学讨论句法时的热门话题,它对了解语言和认知的关系具有重要的意义。本文通过象似性的定义,介绍了关系象似性中的三个重要原则,最后总结了语言形式与社会因素的象似性。     

Ethics of Population-Based Research

This paper considers the morally relevant ways in which population-based research is a distinct type of human subjects research that have unique moral considerations relevant for public health practitioners and researchers. By defining population-based research, the authors distinguish it from public health practice and then consider, in more detail, the ways in which population-based research differs from clinical human subjects research. Based upon the distinctions between these types of research and practice, they identify five important issues that arise in the design and conduct of certain kinds of population-based research. The authors hope that public health practitioners find these distinctions useful in determining when their work may actually be population-based research and that public health researchers use them to identify the areas where ethical issues in their research may arise.     

“学校教育价值取向”研究的反思

学校教育价值取向研究是教育价值取向研究的进一步分化，是一种理论与实践相互关照的研究。当前的学校教育价值取向研究有不同的类型：关注社会与关注个人的分离性研究类型；对立中寻求“统一”的研究类型；试图重建的研究类型。当前研究中存在的问题主要是：前提性观念系统研究的缺乏，研究方法论的反思力度的不足，价值取向选择意识的缺乏，价值取向实现过程研究的缺乏。     

科学研究在大学中的历史演进

科学研究在大学中的发展依据其与教学的关系大致可以分为三个不同的阶段.一般认为,科学研究正式进入大学是在19世纪初期,洪堡提出通过研究进行教学的思想,研究与教学相结合成为大学的基本原则,研究作为大学培养学生的主要方法.19世纪后期美国大学中研究生教育制度的确立,使研究与教学相结合被提升到研究生教育层次,明确了研究与教学相结合在大学实践中的局限性或条件性.20世纪中期,科学发展进入"大科学"时代之后,大学的研究被纳入"大科学"体系,一些研究的目的遂发生变化,开始脱离教学.即在现代大学中虽然以培养人才为基本出发点、与教学紧密结合、自由探究、小规模甚或个别式、传统的科学与学术研究仍存在,但同时出现了为了教育之外的某个目的、与教学没有什么关系、有明确的组织目标、大规模的科学研究.     

AI research and data protection: Can the same rules apply for commercial and academic research under the GDPR?

The paper examines how the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is applied to the development of AI products and services, drawing attention to the differences between academic and commercial research. The GDPR aims to encourage innovation by providing several exemptions from its strict rules for scientific research. Still, the GDPR defines scientific research in a broad manner, which includes academic and commercial research. However, corporations conducting commercial research might not have in place a similar level of ethical and institutional safeguards as academic researchers. Furthermore, corporate secrecy and opaque algorithms in AI research might pose barriers to oversight. The aim of this paper is to stress the limits of the GDPR research exemption and to find the proper balance between privacy and innovation. The paper argues that commercial AI research should not benefit from the GDPR research exemption unless there is a public interest and has similar safeguards to academic research, such as review by research ethics committees. Since the GDPR provides this broad exemption, it is crucial to clarify the limits and requirements of scientific research, before the application of AI drastically transforms this field.     

The ethics of promulgating principles of research ethics: the problem of diversion effects

There is an important distinction between ethical standards for the conduct of research with human subjects and the ethics of promulgating principles of research ethics. Those who promulgate ethical standards for the conduct of research have an ethical responsibility to consider the consequences to which those promulgations give rise. In particular, they must consider whether their promulgations will give researchers incentives not to conduct research or not to conduct research in locales in which participants would benefit from participation. I first show how such ‘diversion effects’ are possible and then examine four principles of research ethics in that light. I then consider several objections to the argument that those who promulgate principles of research ethics should consider diversion effects.     

20世纪汉语声调演变研究综述

20世纪汉语声调演变的研究集中于声调起源、声调的历时演变和共时演变三方面。汉语声调的起源有韵尾说和声母说。声调的历时演变集中于调类研究，中古后的演变开始着手调值研究。声调共时演变研究还不多，研究的视点是演变类型和演变条件。汉语声调演变研究存在的主要问题是历时不成线，共时不成片。     

20世纪初美国法学与心理学的交叉研究及反思

二十世纪初,美国法学进行了一场与心理学的交叉研究尝试。心理学家闵斯特伯格首倡进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,受到著名法学家威格摩尔的激烈反击以及一些心理学家的反对。但是,也有部分心理学家随后开始进行法律行为实验研究及法律心理学研究,法学界的著名学者哈钦斯针对一系列具体主题进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,而威格摩尔在反击之后也开始在这一领域展开研究。此次交叉研究为二战后行为法学派在美国法学界的兴起提供了基础。我们可以由此思考法学对于交叉研究的接受度,以及那个时代心理学影响法学研究的可能。并通过20世纪美国法学各类交叉研究的繁荣,反思我国当下司法实践的现代化变革及法学研究范式的发展。     

Safety demand and supply: An alternative to fear of crime

This review provides an opportunity to assess the current state of gang research and suggest directions for its future. There has been a dramatic increase in research on gangs, gang members, and gang behavior since the early 1990s, making this review especially timely. We use Short’s three-level framework of explanation to organize the findings of prior research, focusing on individual-, micro-, and macro-level research. Attention is focused on the findings of such research, but we also examine theoretical and methodological developments as well. Drawing from Short and life-course research, we introduce a cross-level temporal framework to guide future directions in gang research.     

政府购买养老服务研究现状、热点与前瞻--基于CNKI期刊的共词分析

对我国政府购买养老服务的研究成果进行梳理,从总体上定位其研究的热点主题、概括其研究特点,可以为该领域今后的研究提供理论前瞻。本文以CNKI作为数据来源,采用共词分析法,通过聚类分析、多维尺度分析、社会网络分析绘制出政府购买养老服务研究知识图谱。研究发现,政府购买养老服务的研究热点包括养老服务需求、养老模式、体制机制、养老服务事业发展、问题与对策等;呈现出以政策为导向、以实践为导向、以定性分析为主的研究特点。研究内容将呈现多样化趋势,研究方法采用定量与定性相结合,研究热点将聚焦在社会治理、制度创新等方面。     

Educational Research and the Protection of Human Subjects

Educational research is increasingly subject to legal restrictions designed for the protection of human subjects of research. In this article the author discusses legal restrictions–both in the courts and under HEW regulations–on educational research, comparing these restrictions with those on biomedical research. He finds that although educational research in particular instances may give rise to suits for damages for invasion of privacy or intentional infliction of psychological distress, the legal issues relating to educational research will most often be resolved in proceedings before institutional review boards charged by HEW with the responsibility for passing upon proposals to conduct research on human subjects. He argues that the interests protected in proceedings before institutional review boards are not limited to those that have received judicial recognition in suits for damages. The author finds that the requirement that the informed consent of subjects be obtained presents difficult issues for educational research. He notes in particular the problems presented by research proposals that as an element of the research design contemplate the observation of subjects without their knowledge and the use of children as research subjects.