Multiculturalism and the Willingness of Citizens to Defer to Law and to Legal Authorities

A key problem in trying to manage diverse societies is finding social policies that will be acceptable to all individuals and groups. Studies suggest that this problem may not be as intractable as is often believed, since people's acceptance of policies is shaped to an important degree by the fairness of the procedures used by authorities to make policy. When policies are fairly made, they gain widespread support, even among those who may feel that the consequences of the policy for them or their group are undesirable or even unfair. These findings support an optimistic view of the ability of authorities to manage diverse societies. On the other hand, research suggests that the ability of procedural justice to bridge differences among individuals and groups may not be equally strong under all conditions. People's willingness to accept policies is more influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify with the society that the authorities represent and view them as representing a group of which they are members. They are less influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify more strongly with subgroups than with society and/or view the authorities as representatives of a group to which they do not belong.     

论促进和保护受教育权的国际标准

从现有国际人权法渊源中确立促进和保护受教育权的国际标准可谓构成国际人权法的新发展 ,而从国际人权上对受教育权作出识别是确定上述标准的前提。本文根据有关受教育权的主要国际文件的统一化进程并结合国际社会的实践将受教育权归类为基本教育权、初等教育权、中等教育权、高等教育权和教育选择权 ,并依据一系列国际文件对世界各国促进和保护受教育权的义务性安排建立起国际社会促进和保护各类受教育权的国际标准模型 ,同时揭示了上述国际标准模型在适用过程中的特性。     

Study of the adhesion of explosive residues to the finger and transfer to clothing and luggage

It is important to understand the extent of transfer of explosive particles to different surfaces in order to better evaluate potential cross-contamination by explosives in crowded security controls such as those at airports. This work investigated the transfer of nine explosive residues (ANFO, dynamite, black powder, TNT, HMTD, PETN, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃, NaClO₃) through fingerprints from one surface to another. First, the extent of adhesion of explosive residues from different surfaces to the bare finger, nitrile and latex gloves was studied. Then, the transfer of explosive residues from one surface to another through fingerprints was investigated. Cotton fabric (hereinafter referred to as cotton) as clothing material and polycarbonate plastic (hereinafter referred to as polycarbonate) as luggage material were chosen for the experiments. These surfaces containing explosive particles were imaged using a reflex camera before and after the particles were transferred. Afterwards the images were processed in MATLAB where pixels corresponding to explosive residues were quantified. Results demonstrated that transfer of explosive residues frequently occurred with certain differences among materials. Generally, the amount of explosive particles adhered to the finger decreased in the following order: skin>latex>nitrile, while the transfer of particles from the finger to another surface was the opposite. The adhesion of explosive residues from polycarbonate to the finger was found to be better compared to cotton, while the amount of particles transferred to cotton was higher.     

基因研究中知情同意权的实现

国家是基因资源保护的第一责任人。国家应当建立严密的基因资源保护制度 ,引导公民建立基因资源的保护意识 ,支持公民通过知情同意权的实现与国家协力共同保护基因资源。采集血样是研究人体基因的常见方式 ,只要这种研究不是纯公益性质 ,血样就是获取商业利润的物质基础。血样提供者和采集血样者各应有相应的权利和义务。     

法律行为内容的限制与违反善良风俗的适用--对一起遗嘱继承案的法理剖析

法律行为成立 ,并非一定产生预期的效果 ,一系列的限制是必要的。不得违反善良风俗是其限制之一 ,但违反善良风俗的适用却是异常复杂的。违反善良风俗要评判的并不是当事人的行为 ,而是他从事的法律行为 ,通过实用标准的确定 ,将善良风俗概念法律化 ,至关重要。以这样的法理来剖析被继承人立其情人为继承人的遗嘱继承案 ,则该遗嘱行为是有效的。     

论征纳权利——兼论税权问题

征纳权利是税收程序法的基石理论范畴 ,对它的内涵、定位、分类、内容、征税权与纳税人权利相互关系等的科学揭示 ,是税收程序法乃至整个税法理论体系形成和理论创新的标志 ,对推动税收法治建设意义重大。     

论人格权请求权与侵权损害赔偿请求权的分离

人格权独立成编是我国民法典体例的重大创新,在独立成编的人格权法中是否应当规定人格权请求权,以及如何规定人格权请求权,是我国人格权立法需要解决的重大疑难问题。笔者认为,人格权请求权的独立性是其与侵权损害赔偿请求权分离的基础,人格权请求权的产生与发展是人格权制度重要的发展趋势;人格权请求权与侵权损害赔偿请求权的区别是其二者分离的原因;充分有效保护人格权是人格权请求权与侵权损害赔偿请求权分离的目的。笔者并对民法典草案中有关人格权请求权与侵权损害赔偿请求权分离模式的立法选择作出了探讨。     

进一步加强律师工作 服务党和国家工作大局

这次会议的主要任务是：全面贯彻落实党的十七大精神，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，认真贯彻落实中央领导同志关于律师工作的重要指示精神，贯彻实施修订后的《律师法》，分析律师工作面临的新形势新任务，部署当前和今后一个时期的律师工作任务，推动律师事业又好又快发展，为加快建设社会主义法治国家，夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利提供优质高效的法律服务。     

Proof of cancer causation and expert evidence: bringing science to the law and the law to science

This article discusses the medico-scientific and the legal views of cancer causation and how these two approaches impact on expert evidence. Cancer cause lends itself well to an exploration of the critical issues which surround its proof and the role of expert evidence in this proof. The article does not seek to identify or to resolve all the controversies or inconsistencies in the area. Rather, it sets up a basic framework for the general presentation and testing of expert medico-scientific evidence in litigation related to cancer causation. Specifically, it seeks to identify the technical questions of law and medical science regarding which medico-scientific disciplines can be relevant to proving cancer causation, and who the relevant expert witnesses to achieve this task would be. Emerging areas of cancer causation are then examined in light of this framework.     

论发展权与宪法发展

将发展权这一基本人权导入以人权为价值内核的宪法,是发展权实在化和21世纪宪法发展面临的首要问题.发展权的诞生发展了传统宪法的人权原则,并在人权主体、人权内涵和人权形式诸方面拓展了宪法人权的内容;而增进以人的全面发展即经济、政治、社会和文化发展为内容的发展权,则是实现民主宪政的基本途径;发展权是对传统人权观的超越,必然要求重新审视宪法人权的主体、含义、构成要素,特别是集体主体人权的法律确证和司法救济问题,这些问题又必然给宪法哲学和宪政实践的发展带来巨大的机遇和挑战.     

忠诚履行职责使命在服务大局服务群众中再立新功

今天,人力资源和社会保障部、司法部在这里召开表彰大会,隆重表彰2007年以来全国司法行政系统涌现出的先进集体、先进工作者和劳动模范。这对于进一步激励广大司法行政干警和法律服务工作者践行以人为本、执法为民、执业为民的理念,忠诚履行职责,为党和人民进一步做好工作,不断开创司法行政工作新局面,具有重要意义。刚才,     

罗尔斯和诺齐克正义理论导读——兼谈现代哲学研究的理论困境与思维转型

两人的正义理论都是对个人基本权利的强调,只是论证手段不同。他们共同面临的哲学困惑主要有以下原因1.思想上,固守传统思维,坚持单一、公式化的主体价值内涵;2.制度设计上,主体价值的安置错位;3.心理上,信任观念的缺乏;4.伦理上,忽视人之内在价值或者内在价值跟主体制度的脱离。文章提出能够保证人们参与制度创设和形成公共价值理念的程序更重要,社会与个人会在人们的共同参与中实现自然的内在契合。     

生命权的全球化与中国公民生命权入宪研究

生命权是指人的生命不被任意剥夺的权利 ,不同于作为公民最低生活保障权的生存权。生命权是一切人权的基础 ,属首要人权 ,并具有制约国家权力的功能 ,为此国际社会的人权宣言和公约以及世界各国宪法大都规定了生命权。保障生命权已经成为一种全球化的世界潮流。我国现行宪法尚未规定生命权 ,生命权入宪是我国的当务之急。我们应当尽快将生命权写入宪法 ,并应注意正确处理与生命权密切相关的死刑、堕胎、脑死亡和安乐死以及克隆人等问题。