试论劳教人员个案矫治模式的构建

对劳教人员实施个案矫治，充分体现了新时期劳动教养工作的教育矫治理念，具有理论上的先进性和实践上的时代性，是劳教场所教育矫治模式的发展方向。近年来，上海劳教场所在个别教育、心理矫治和教育矫治质量评价等工作基础上，积极整合教育资源，引入先进矫治手段和方法，在个案矫治模式方面进行了积极的探索和实践。特别是司法部新颁布的《劳动教养人员教育矫治纲要》中提出：“深化劳动教养人员个案教育矫治，深入分析劳动教养人员的思想问题和主要症结，据此制定个性化的教育矫治方案，在教育过程中，注意加强对每名劳教人员的个别谈话教育与个别矫治指导，帮助他们解决具体的问题和困惑，确保对每名劳教人员的教育矫治措施落到实处。”这为我们进一步推进和规范个案矫治工作指明了方向、提供了依据。     

杭州市劳教二所加强劳教人员入所教育

近年来，杭州市劳教二所在劳教人员教育矫治工作中，积极转变教育理念，以入所教育为重点，抓好教育的源头，夯实劳教人员教育矫治的基础，教育矫治质量明显提高。2006年、2007年所内改好率分别达到96％和97％．场所安全稳定工作进一步稳固，使教育工作焕发了独特魅力。     

关于劳教大中队规范化建设存在问题与对策的几点思考

大中队是劳教场所最基本的组成单位，直接处于管理教育劳教人员的前沿阵地、风口浪尖，是劳教工作最重要的安全屏障和稳定基础。当前，司法部正部署在全国监狱劳教场所开展为期一年的规范化管理年活动，吴爱英部长多次强调，要努力提升监所管理科学化、规范化、法制化水平，积极探索建立具有中国特色的与新型监狱劳教制度相适应的管理体系和工作机制。加强劳教大中队规范化建设场所是规范化管理的重要内容，对于建立与劳教工作相适应基层工作运行机制，对于贯彻“首要标准”，提高教育矫治质量，规范执法行为，保证公平正义，维护场所安全稳定，实现劳教工作科学发展都具有重大而深远的意义。基于此，笔者就推进劳教场所基层大中队规范化建设作几点不成熟的思考。     

论心理效应在劳教人员教育矫治激励管理机制中的应用

教育激励,就是劳教民警激发劳教人员的教育矫治动机,调动其主动改造和自省的积极性,使其朝着认罪认错矫正恶习的目标努力前进的过程。激励作为调动劳教人员教育矫治积极性的重要手段之一,贯穿于教育矫治管理活动过程的始终。激励机制的实质是通过一定的激发与鼓励激活动机,催人振奋,它是取得最佳领导效能的前提与条件。劳教场所教育矫治激励的主体是劳教民警或场所教育组织机构。好的激励机制不但是教育主体发生作用,     

对抗型劳教人员的管教工作研究

对抗型劳教人员是指不认罪错，不服管教，违规违纪，不接受劳教所教育矫治的劳教人员。虽然此类劳教人员占收容总人数的比例不大，但他们行为异常，心理偏差，反矫治特征明显，给民警的管理教育工作造成极大困难，严重影响正常的所管秩序，是劳教场所安全稳定的重大隐患。根据我处2009年确定的64名重点劳教人员的违纪分类情况上看，其中：不服管理的29人，打架斗殴的7人，自伤白残的12人，诈病伪病的1人，其他类型的（包括所内盗窃、考试作弊等）15人。     

吸毒劳教人员心理矫治模式的探索

吸毒劳教人员中的绝大多数吸毒史长,对毒品心理依赖程度深,违法犯罪史复杂,教育矫正的难度大。针对这些特点,我们从医疗戒治、康复教育、矫正管理等工作基础上,积极探索对吸毒劳教人员心理矫治的有效途径,对降低复吸率起了积极的作用。 我们通过长期的研究探索,认为建立一个符合教育矫治吸毒劳教人员、旨在降低复吸率的心理矫治模式,对我们教育挽救工作具有十分重要的意义。     

劳教工作贯彻落实“首要标准”的探索与实践

近年来,济南市劳教所准确把握劳教工作的职能定位,紧紧围绕落实＂教育、感化、挽救＂劳教工作方针和监管工作＂首要标准＂,努力提高教育矫治质量,立足工作实际,不断推进教育矫治工作创新,探索实践与＂首要标准＂相适应的教育矫治新理念、新方式、新方法,极大地提高了教育矫治工作实效。一、拓展视野,以＂大教育观＂引领教育矫治工作济南市劳教所始终围绕教育人、感化人、挽救人这一劳教工作的根本宗旨,认真履行社会责任。     

教育矫治工作科学化之探讨

劳动教养教育矫治工作科学化，就是以科学的理念为先导，从劳教人员的实际出发，遵循教育矫治的客观规律，准确合理确定教育内容，运用科学的方法和现代化的手段，提高教育挽救工作的针对性和有效性。从这一定义和概念出发，今后劳教教育矫治工作的发展方向就是要实现教育矫治工作理念的科学化、内容的科学化、方法手段的科学化。本文试从确立四个科学理念，整合五项科学内容，拓展六种科学手段，探讨教育矫治工作科学化的问题。     

劳教场所心理矫治工作现状及对策构想

劳教人员是心理问题的高发人群,大多数劳教人员适应环境能力差而挫折感强,表现出经常性的心理矛盾、困惑甚至心理障碍或疾患。劳教场所心理矫治工作是调适与矫正劳教人员各种心理问题,防范场所安全稳定、提高教育矫治质量、提升劳教工作水平的重要手段和有效途径,已成为教育工作科学化和创办劳教工作特色的重要内容。本文通过对当前劳教场所心理矫治现状的客观审视,探析进一步深化发展对策、提高其工作质量等问题作一探讨。一、现状扫描劳教场所心理矫治工作经过10多年的实践,取得了一定经验和成效,加快了教育矫治工作由经验型向科学型转化…     

甘肃省劳教局规范教育矫治质量评估工作

去年以来，甘肃省劳教局制定了《劳动教养人员教育质量评估考核体系实施方案》，努力在规范评价、提高教育矫治水平和效果上下功夫、做文章，使全省劳教人员教育矫治质量评价工作逐步走上科学化、规范化运行的轨道。《方案》规定，劳教人员教育矫治质量评估流程分三个步骤：     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.