Outsmarting the Liars: The Benefit of Asking Unanticipated Questions

We hypothesised that the responses of pairs of liars would correspond less with each other than would responses of pairs of truth tellers, but only when the responses are given to unanticipated questions. Liars and truth tellers were interviewed individually about having had lunch together in a restaurant. The interviewer asked typical opening questions which we expected the liars to anticipate, followed by questions about spatial and/or temporal information which we expected suspects not to anticipate, and also a request to draw the layout of the restaurant. The results supported the hypothesis, and based on correspondence in responses to the unanticipated questions, up to 80% of liars and truth tellers could be correctly classified, particularly when assessing drawings.

以新制度经济学的视角看政府改革

随着经济体制改革的深入,对行政体制改革提出了迫切要求。然而,行政体制改革的阻力和难度之大往往令人难以理解而感到失望。如果用新制度经济学的理论来分析,可以看出,国家也是一个组织或一种制度安排。国家有其自己的利益和目标,与社会的要求并不完全一致。国家也存在“内部人控制”的问题。在“内部人主导型”的改革中,国家会利用所掌握的权力维护自身的利益,抵制改革,成为制度变迁过程中的障碍。这是任何政府改革都存在的问题。     

高等职业教育技术应用型人才培养模式探究

本文从我国高等职业教育人才培养模式构建的理论基础和遵循的原则入手,结合我国的实际情况,从培养目标、课程体系、师资队伍、培养途径等方面进行探讨,提出构建我国高等职业教育技术应用型人才培养模式的具体措施。     

Psychopathy and Nonverbal Indicators of Deception in Offenders

The current study examined psychopathy and nonverbal indicators of deception in an incarcerated sample. Nonverbal behaviors were coded from videotapes of 45 male offenders telling true and fabricated stories about crimes. Interpersonal features of psychopathy were associated with inflated views of lying ability, verbosity, and increases in blinking, illustrator use, and speech hesitations. While lying, the more psychopathic offenders spoke faster and demonstrated increases in blinking and head movements. Indicators of deception in offenders were somewhat different from those typically observed in non-offender populations. These findings indicate that personality factors may have an impact on nonverbal indicators of deception in criminal justice settings where the detection of deception is of utmost concern.     

Lockdown labs: Pivoting to remote learning in forensic science higher education

Forensic Science training and education is reliant on the application of knowledge to casework scenarios and the development of key practical skills that provide a platform for career development in the field. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a number of challenges to effectively deliver practical content online and remotely, whilst still meeting intended learning outcomes, accreditation requirements, and attaining a high level of student engagement and experience. The MSc Forensic Science programme featured in this study is a one-year degree programme with a strong emphasis on the practical elements of forensic science, and a diverse international student cohort. Therefore, the restrictions associated with the pandemic made it very difficult not only to plan the delivery of material but also to adapt the content itself for effective online and remote learning.By focusing on the intended learning outcomes, a number of innovative teaching practices were developed to successfully transition from face-to-face teaching to online and remote delivery. A range of online and practical resources were developed, including a laboratory home kit, demonstration videos, online practical technique simulations (produced by Learning Science), data analysis tasks, and interactive workshops and activities, all designed to consolidate student learning and build confidence, in preparation for such a time that on campus practical teaching could resume. The initial feedback received from these activities from both staff and students was extremely positive and the transition from classroom to online teaching was a success, as reflected in student attainment and later student feedback. Students reported that they had a better understanding of what was expected of them, including knowledge of protocols and techniques, and felt much more confident moving into the next stage of their learning development. Even though the practical laboratory sessions were the most significantly affected by the restrictions associated with the pandemic, and resulted in reduced interaction for the students, this was counteracted by virtual sessions and workshops, which gave students the opportunity to engage with each other and communicate their thoughts and opinions, ultimately building key presentation and group working skills.This case study will detail the pivot to remote learning, as well as critically evaluating the feedback from students and discussing the changes that are likely to be retained as longer-term teaching practices, versus those that were a necessary temporary addition or adjustment in response to the pandemic.     

论赌博罪的完善——法经济学的视角

我国刑法已明确地将赌博作为一种犯罪进行处罚.但由于我国法律没有很好地考虑刑罚的效率性和经济性,在赌博犯罪立法上还存在着一定的缺陷和漏洞.通过法经济学方法,对赌博犯罪立法的正当性和效率性进行分析,提出完善我国赌博犯罪立法的建议.     

Rethinking governmental licensing of higher education institutions

In many countries around the world, governmental authorities control the market entry of new providers of higher educational services. By means of ex-ante licensing in the higher education sector, government ensures that students are only confronted with academic programs and institutions that at least meet certain minimum quality standards. This quality-assuring intervention by government may be taken for granted. From an economic viewpoint, however, it seems worthwhile to scrutinize the regulatory status quo. In order to rethink existing licensing arrangements’ raison d’être, the present paper addresses the question whether governmental market entry control in the higher education industry is necessary at all.

论我国自然人破产制度的建立——从法经济学的角度分析

对于我国破产法是否应当包括自然人破产制度,学界观点不一。从《破产法》(草案)中可看出,合伙的破产能力得到了认可,但却未赋予自然人有破产能力。对于这一问题笔者试从法经济学的角度加以分析,主张在我国应建立自然人破产制度。     

The Reliability of Lie Detection Performance

We examined whether individuals’ ability to detect deception remained stable over time. In two sessions, held one week apart, university students viewed video clips of individuals and attempted to differentiate between the lie-tellers and truth-tellers. Overall, participants had difficulty detecting all types of deception. When viewing children answering yes–no questions about a transgression (Experiments 1 and 5), participants’ performance was highly reliable. However, rating adults who provided truthful or fabricated accounts did not produce a significant alternate forms correlation (Experiment 2). This lack of reliability was not due to the types of deceivers (i.e., children versus adults) or interviews (i.e., closed-ended questions versus extended accounts) (Experiment 3). Finally, the type of deceptive scenario (naturalistic vs. experimentally-manipulated) could not account for differences in reliability (Experiment 4). Theoretical and legal implications are discussed.     

关于成人高等教育创新问题的理性思考

创新是一个民族的灵魂。成人高等教育是我国教育体系的重要组成部分,加强创新问题研究,永保生命活力是一个迫切需要解决的课题。因此,只有通过观念、体制、工作机制、管理和手段创新,才能推动成人高等教育的发展。     

法学本科教育改革研究

就其性质而言,法学本科教育是一种职业教育。因此让法学本科教育回归职业教育之本位乃当前中国法学教育改革所必须面对的问题。鉴于法律职业与人文精神之间的内在关联性,结合当前中国法学本科教育体制,未来中国法学本科教育有必要采行"一二一"原则,即在学制安排上,一年时间用于人文课程学习,两年时间用于专业课程学习,一年时间用于实践学习。为此,有必要适时调整法学本科教学大纲,增加人文必修课程,科学配置法学专业课程,并为实践学习设定刚性规范。     

教育本质探讨思路的探讨

教育本质问题是教育理论研究中的一个疑难症。这一疑难症无法根治的主要原因在于人们把教育本质的探讨分为“教育是什么”和“教育应该是什么”两个问题 ,这样就出现了两大类本质 :一类为真实存在的、客观的东西 ;另一类为应当存在的、带有规范性、价值性的、主观的东西。这两种观点都违背了唯物辩证法关于本质具有客观性的基本原理。教育本质探讨思路不是“教育是什么”和“教育应当是什么”的探讨 ,而是“教育在辩证理性上是什么”的探讨。这种探讨应遵循三个“一”:本质一类(客观的本质 )、方向一致 (先找到列宁讲的初级本质 )、思路一条 (从抽象到具体的辩证法 )。     

论我国高等教育的范式转换

高等教育大众化源于社会经济发展的强力推动和教育市场巨大潜力的释放,它反映了社会平等的思潮和人民群众的精神需求,凸显了社会心理因素的综合作用,也是我国高等教育领域与时俱进的现实表现。在从精英教育到大众教育的转换过程中,演绎着与从计划经济到市场经济转轨相适应的高等教育的范式转换,这种范式转换表现在招生规模、办学体制、质量标准诸方面。即从政府行为转变到市场行为,从单一政府办学格局转变到多元化办学格局,从精英教育质量范式转变到大众教育质量范式。在这一转变过程中,我们的思维范式也必须转换。     

论市场经济条件下的公安教育改革

社会主义市场经济条件下的公安教育应该定位为职业教育。为使职业教育能够落实到处就必须更新观念,强化法律制度建设,优化资源配置,确立实践教学的主导地位,从而建立与社会主义市场经济体制要求相一致的公安教育新秩序。     

The economics of notaries

In civil law legal systems, notaries fulfill two crucial roles, acting as both law enforcers and court officers, and as facilitators and enforcers of private transactions. In these countries, notaries achieve economies of scope by simultaneously providing private and public services and substituting both parties' lawyers. This arrangement is subject, however, to serious conflicts of interest that could prejudice the provision of public services that have attributes of externalities, as well as the notary's independence from all parties to the transaction. This paper shows how this notary system may be efficient in this context. Focusing on Spanish notaries, it analyzes the legal and economic nature of the services, the incentives that control their provision, and the cost in terms of competitive restraints that could be generated by the organizational patterns making up such incentives. Supporting empirical evidence is also provided.     

法学专业教学质量评估的制度构想

随着高等教育的逐步发展与成熟 ,对教育质量的监控与评估成为一个非常引人关注的问题。法学专业由于自身的特色 ,所以其质量的保证具有鲜明的时代意义。在以往院校评估的制度与经验的基础之上 ,对于法学专业评估制度进行建构是当务之急。专业评估应当分层次、注重针对性、达到科学化。专业评估的依据是国家有关立法和法学教育的内在要求 ;专业评估的目的是以评促建、以评促改 ;专业评估应注重体现法学教育质量的基本方面 ,如专业教师师资、图书资料、教学方案、学生表现等。     

Law and economics of the European multilingualism

The economics of language applied to multilingualism in the European Union (EU) has only recently come to the fore. Languages economics and Law and Economics disciplines both emerged in the 1960s. However, no study has, hitherto, linked these disciplines. This paper intends to fill that void. Language barriers are the last major remaining barriers for the EU??s ??single?? market. The lack of coordination of multilingualism in the EU stems from a taboo crystallized by a dilemma between economic efficiency and linguistic diversity??i.e., the maximization of wealth versus the maximization of utility. The EU Member States (MSs) do not hasten to coordinate their language policies at the EU level inasmuch as they overestimate the benefits of the current EU multilingualism while drastically underestimating its costs. Coordination shall occur when MSs evaluate the costs and benefits of the current EU multilingualism. This will uncover the aforementioned dilemma, that will only be resolved when both Law and Economics are applied. In pursuing this objective a ??Linguistic Coase Theorem?? adapted from the work of Parisi and the Nobel Prize winner, Ronald Coase is elaborated. Having outlined the basic notions deriving from the EU Law of Languages and the Economics of Languages (Introduction), the paper scrutinizes the costs and benefits incurred by the current non-coordinated EU multilingualism (Part I). Subsequently, a ??Linguistic Coase Theorem?? is elaborated in order to reach a Pareto-optimal outcome, thereby solving the dilemma??both economic efficiency and the linguistic diversity being enhanced (Part II).     

论讨论式教学法在法学本科教育中的应用

法学本科教育的定位应是职业教育,职业教育必须重视实践教育环节。讨论式教学法,作为实践教育模式中重要的教学方法,能充分调动学生的主观能动性,培养学生的创新思维,提高学生的综合素质与能力,以实现我们本科教育的培养目标。讨论式教学法应在法学本科教育中普遍推广。在法学主干课程、基础课程中我们应主要采用讲授式教学法,辅之以讨论式教学法,而在非基础、非主干课程中采用以讨论式教学法为主的教学方式。