British Diplomacy and the Telegraph in Nineteenth-Century China

Until the 1870s British officials in China often acted without the Foreign Office's official consent because they could only communicate with London via mail. In the 1870s telegraph lines connected China to Europe. The Chinese government initially opposed foreign telegraph lines arguing that they undermined Chinese authority. British diplomats in China were also wary of the telegraph because it allowed the Foreign Office to intervene more quickly. From the 1880s the telegraph was increasingly used as an instrument of imperialism in China. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 showed how important the telegraph had become as means of communication.     

文化外交在当代中俄关系中的作用

冷战结束后,和平与发展成为时代主题,文化因素对国际关系的影响日益凸显,并由此产生了一种新型外交方式——文化外交。中俄两国比邻而居,有着近四百年的交往史,文化交流更是在其中起到重要作用。随着文化外交日益受到各国政府的重视,中俄文化交流不断擦出新火花。实践证明,文化外交在巩固中俄两国高层政治关系、推动经贸合作和扩大民间交往方面有不可替代的作用。     

试论英国国际组织外交的演变

本文比较全面地对英国国际组织外交的发展演变做了考察,将英国的国际组织外交分为借助国际组织支撑衰退中的大英帝国、以国际组织外交支撑三环外交、以及积极推进国际组织外交促使英国成为全球中心三个阶段,并逐一分析和研讨。在此基础上,对当前英国国际组织外交的新趋势作研究和分析,并进一步探索后冷战时期英国国际组织外交的国际动因及其作用与不足。     

Crisis Public Diplomacy in China

Leon Trotsky,founder of the Soviet Red Army,once lamented ＂You may not be interested in war,but war is interested in you＂.1 His words are highly relevant to crisis public diplomacy today.Although not enough attention is paid to it,crisis public diplomacy is destined to become vital and complementary to other diplomacies in an era of frequent crisis.It plays a prominent role in domestic diplomatic strategies and appears to be very conspicuous in international affairs.This was clearly indicated in the report made by former General Secretary Hu Jintao at the 18th Congress of the CPC （Communist Party of China）,     

新国际主义与中国软实力外交

需要我们研究有中国特色的软实力概念.软实力与硬实力相对,不仅指制度力量与文化力量,还包括国际认同、话语实践以及外交艺术.它在国际关系方面实质上体现了国家在国际社会化、制度化与国际合作中的地位,在外交方面往往与国际主义路线有着密切的联系.国际主义曾经为20世纪中国的大国成长做出过巨大的贡献,在今后的和平与发展进程中仍然是软实力外交的重要内容.     

两个体系的世界与中国外交

今天的世界,是两类社会,即国际社会与全球社会并存的世界;是两个体系,即主权国家体系与全球体系并存的世界;是两种格局,即国际格局与全球格局并存的世界.其核心是国际体系与全球体系两个体系并存.这种两个体系并存局面使当今世界形势显得纷繁复杂,因而,中国面临的挑战和机遇是历史上任何新兴大国崛起从未遇到过的.我们必须研究两个体系各自的特点、发展趋势及其互动关系,研究它们为世界提供的现实基础,分析我国面临的挑战和机遇来自何方,以便避害趋利,寻求我国外交的着力点,在统筹国内与国际两个大局的同时,统筹国际体系与全球体系两个大局,显示更高的外交智慧和艺术.     

日本外交中的机会主义与对华行动选择

日本外交理念中具有鲜明的机会主义性格,主要特征表现为原则性的缺失与利益至上、"变色龙"式的投机性格和务实的现实主义价值取向。日本外交及时顺应国际环境的变化而进行调整,通过不断的随风转向推行于己有利的举措,以谋求国家利益的最大化。     

China and the World in the Perspective of Global New Public Diplomacy

正Since the 1990s,the development of globalization and information technology has been changing the political ecology of traditional international relations.The all-round and close communication and competition in terms of communication competence among nation-states promoted the constant change of international power system     

中国对非洲外交视野中的国家形象塑造

在中国成长为世界大国的进程中,非洲大陆是中国树立自身负责任大国形象的重要舞台。中国半个世纪的对非外交为自身塑造了"患难与共"、"平等待人"、"互利双赢"、"文化亲和"、"发展典范"的良好国家形象。但近年来中国与部分非洲国家的经贸摩擦和价值观分歧在一定程度上损害了中国在非洲的形象魅力,因此必须及时采取措施以优化和提升中国在非洲的声誉与形象。     

Reflections on the Construction of a Public Diplomacy Theory in China

W hen it comes to public diplomacy, there are various approaches to the definition of such, both at home and abroad. Despite this diversity, however, it is the author＇s view that their basic connotations are somewhat similar in that they all refer to a situation in which a country, as represented by its government, in order to achieve its strategic goals, chooses to exchange views, converse and communicate with another country＇s populace,     

冷战后日本的"价值观外交"与中国

近年来,日本外交迅速向“价值本位”倾斜,宣扬“人类普遍价值”和日本价值观的“价值观外交”成为其新特点之一。日本外交的新变化,反映出日本对国际关系中“软权力”的重视。为了推行“价值观外交”,日本政府十分重视“外宣”工作。日本外交正在迎来对外宣传的转折点。日本的“价值观外交”有明显针对中国的一面,日本试图以此牵制中国,进而主导未来亚洲的发展格局。今后日本与中国在构筑“基于共同战略利益的互惠关系”时,在形象和观念领域难免会有竞争。     

The Diplomacy of a Rising China in South Asia

The author argues that U.S. interest in Asia traditionally has been maintaining the balance of power to prevent the rise of any regional hegemony. Yet against this anti-hegemony objective is balanced an attempt to accommodate China. If China keeps this commitment, the United States will welcome the emergence of a China that is peaceful and prosperous and that cooperates with America to address common challenges and mutual interests.     

嬗变中的欧亚战略与中国外交取向

自伊拉克战争以来,全球地缘政治格局经历了深刻的变革,尤以欧亚大陆初露端倪的战略合作最为引人注目。跨大西洋的分裂有其深刻的历史背景,而美欧关于价值观和“西方”概念等诸多分歧,也从客观上推动着欧亚大陆的加速整合。这一态势很大程度上推动着中国全球战略观的根本转变,进而塑造了欧亚战略新格局的出现。     

如何推进中国对非多边外交

相较在国际多边舞台上的活动以及同亚太和欧洲等地区的多边交往而言,中国对非多边外交的发展仍处于滞后状态。为及时拟订对非多边外交的基本框架,首先而且最为重要的是在理念层面建构起应有的战略思维,即进一步明确非洲在中国外交战略中的定位,深化对非多边外交重要性的认识,适时更新和拓展中国对非多边外交的战略基础与关注内容。在具体的实施方略上,中国应当进一步完善和深化中非合作论坛机制,重视开展与非盟及非洲各次区域组织的交往,继续加强与非洲国家在国际多边场合的协调与互助。     

东盟外交新走向--兼论中国与东盟关系

东盟所在的东南亚地区是世界风云变幻中的一块“绿洲”。长期以来,东盟国家总体上保持了政治基本稳定,经济较快增长的好局面。在对外关系领域,东盟也积极进取,颇富个性和特色,是世界上一个外交活跃、成果丰硕的地区一体化组织。 自东西方冷战结束后,东盟大力推行全方位、多元化外交,取得显著成效,同各类国家特别是亚太国家发展了稳定的友好合作关系。近一年来,为     

欧盟在中亚—里海地区的能源外交与中欧合作

欧盟是全球主要的能源消费方和进口方。确保能源安全已成为欧盟内外政策的重点。欧盟推行能源多元化战略,加大了在中亚地区的能源竞争力度。中欧面临相似的能源安全问题。中亚天然气管道开通后,中欧天然气供应源在该地区逐渐交织,双方竞争态势增强。处理好与欧在该地区的能源竞争与合作成为中国能源安全战略的重要关切。     

Two Complementary Settings of Peace-making Diplomacy: Political-Elite Diplomacy and Public Diplomacy

In terms of the question, “how to create an effective peace-making process in the Israeli–Palestinian case,” this article argues that the answer is a multidimensional approach to peace-making diplomacy that contains two main settings: political-elite diplomacy and public diplomacy. Political-elite diplomacy suggests various modes of peace-making interactions between political-elites. Public diplomacy provides instruments to involve the people in the peace-making struggle, prepares them for a change, and presses the leadership to reach agreements. The analysis suggests establishing an institution for the operation of public diplomacy—a major Israeli-Palestinian public negotiating congress. The congress is a democratic peace-making institution that invites representatives of the opposing societies to discuss, debate, and negotiate solutions to their struggle. The article also presents the concepts of political-elite diplomacy and public diplomacy as competitive settings that should be regarded as complementary. It includes lessons from the “Minds of Peace Experiment”—a small-scale Israeli–Palestinian public negotiating congress—which has been conducted in different places around the world.     

论东盟对中美的对冲外交困境及其原因

东盟自成立起一直在大国的包围中求生存发展。面对当前地区内中美两个大国，东盟试图实施对冲外交，以期通过两面下注来减低风险。本文认为，东盟对中美的对冲外交已陷入困境。对冲外交并未使东盟获得预想中的关键地位，反而使中美两国更难认识到东盟在解决地区问题中的重要性，中美坚持以“双边”方式在该地区活动，从而对东盟的一体化产生负面作用。东盟对冲外交陷入困境的根本原因在于其“弱国组织，实力受制”这一结构性矛盾，致使各成员国出于利益考虑不得不选择自己的依托对象，使其对冲外交的实施难以形成合力；实力不足的现状也难以使其在中美两大国的棋局上占据太多比重，使对冲外交的操作空间非常有限。     

新布什主义与美国外交

“新布什主义”概括起来就是布什政府在第二任期内将通过进攻性外交、军事、经济等手段向全球推广“民主”“、自由”来“保卫”和扩大美国全球霸权的一种战略。它在本质上和第一任期的“布什主义”是一致的,其目的在于更好地获得美国内的认同和争取国际支持。由于“布什主义”造成的高成本和对国际格局冲击太大“,新布什主义”的推行也同样会遇到多方面的制约。