Creating Entrepreneurial Universities in the UK: Applying Entrepreneurship Theory to Practice

In the modern knowledge economy higher educational institutions are being required to operate more entrepreneurially, commercialising the results of their research and spinning out new, knowledge-based enterprises. Like most large organisations, particularly those operating in the public sector, they are not traditionally suited to this role and often face the same sort of barriers to intrapreneurial activity as their counterparts in the private sector. In this note, the theories of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship development are used to identify what needs to be done and a case example is provided.     

Creating Legal Terms: A Linguistic Perspective

Legal terms have a special status at the interface between language and law. Adopting the general framework developed by Jackendoff and the concepts competence and performance as developed by Chomsky, it is shown that legal terms cannot be fully accounted for unless we set up a category of abstract objects. This idea corresponds largely to the classical view of terminology, which has been confronted with some challenges recently. It is shown that for legal terms, arguments against abstract objects are not pertinent. As abstract objects are not natural, it is important to consider their creation. Two types of creation are distinguished and illustrated, one for new concepts and one for terms corresponding to existing general language concepts. In the latter case, it is important for the abstract object to remain close enough to the intuitive prototype. At the same time, legal terms as abstract objects are shown to have a natural place in relation to legal theory.     

我国发展低碳经济的法学思考

低碳经济概念的提出引致了一次全新的能源经济革命。加强低碳经济立法,是促进低碳经济健康、持续发展的有效手段和有力保障。借用经济学界关于低碳经济的概念并结合我国实际情况分析我国加强低碳经济法律保障的必要性,在我国具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。从发展规划、产业调整、能源立法、财政金融、科技立法、生活消费等六个方面借鉴国外低碳经济相关立法经验,进而审视我国低碳经济立法状况并加以完善,可以极大地节省我国低碳经济立法的时间成本,从而达致我国低碳经济立法的"跨越式"发展。     

Product Liability: A Neo-Austrian Based Perspective

The paper is an exercise in a neo-Austrian based economic analysis of product liability. After a short historical introduction, we take two of the basic premises of Austrian economic thought and see which system of product liability results. If costs are subjective and entrepreneurship is the essence of an efficient market process, a system of caveat emptor and vendor results. For judges to assess damages, in the way others advocate judges to do, judges would need to measure costs, something that cannot be done according to Austrian economics. The paper also answers some possible criticisms from the mainstream neoclassical perspective.     

《浊江》和《倾城之恋》中戏剧要素的对照分析——借用视点结构相关理论

《浊江》和《倾城之恋》对于戏剧要素的运用,使得其文本呈现出混合小说与戏剧两种不同文学形式的跨界性。在两部作品中,人物对话中出现的戏剧要素主要体现为视点结构的运用。小说通过弱化叙述者的声音,使文本意义的多重建构成为可能,打破了权威性和绝对性的价值判断。这既是基于作家个人对于戏剧的观察和体悟,又体现出非主体叙述这一女性写作的特征和动荡时期话语权分散的历史必然性。对作为明治的民间说书人的樋口一叶,与自称为自食其力的小市民的张爱玲之作品的对照分析,可以为不同国籍作者的作品中体现出相似的集体意识这一文学现象,提供具体而微的观察渠道,深化对小说之社会心理史意义的认知。     

Gender and Juvenile Drug Abuse: A General Strain Theory Perspective

This study is a partial test of Robert Agnew's (2006 Agnew , Robert. 2006 . “Pressured Into Crime: General Strain Theory.” Pp. 201 – 209 in Criminological Theory: Past to Present. , 3rd ed. , edited by F. T. Cullen and R. Agnew . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press . [Google Scholar]) general strain theory. The sample consists of 39,879 juveniles between the ages of 10 and 17 from a metropolitan area in Texas with more than 5 million people. Logistic regression is used to determine the effect of living situation on drug offenders, drug recidivists, and juvenile court case outcome when race, abuse, sex, and mental health problems are controlled. Gender-specific analysis is used to test L. Broidy and R. Agnew's (1997 Agnew , Robert and Timothy Brezina . 1997 . “Relational Problems With Peers, Gender, and Delinquency.” Youth & Society 84 – 111 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) hypothesis that girls and boys react differently to strain. Results show partial support for the influence of a strained living situation on drug offenders, drug recidivists, and case outcome. Support is found for the hypothesis that boys' and girls' experiences with strain differ.     

政治合法性视野中的治理理论

治理理论的兴起有其复杂的社会背景和深刻的理论背景。就自身理论主张而言,治理理论及其实践在西方的兴起契合了政府合法性获取的两大基本要素的要求,有利于政府合法性基础的重建与巩固。治理的效能目标和民主诉求,对转型期我国政府合法性基础的重建与巩固具有重要启示意义。     

犯罪论体系的程序向度:研究误区与理论反思

伴随着犯罪论体系研究的升温,从程序角度探讨中西犯罪论体系优劣利弊的论著也逐渐增多.不过,囿于知识结构的限制,许多论者的相关研究存在一些普遍性的认知误区,以至于观点虽可能大致不错,但论证似是而非,甚或走入歧途,缺乏真正的说服力.因此,亟需在批判性反思的基础上,理性地确定我国犯罪论体系的未来走向.     

责任意识新探:基于行为博弈论视角

通过社会两难情境中人们责任意识的探析,揭示在混合动机条件下责任对维持群体合作起着较大的作用,具有较强社会责任意识的个体表现出更多的亲社会行为,而不是自私行为,更愿意合作,反之亦然.责任意识具有情境性和道德性特点,负责任表达了一种对自我呈现的关注,表明个体具有较强的自我监控能力,愿意根据情境来评价和调整自身的行为,使自身的行为更符合社会规范的要求.责任意识成为公民的道德要求之一.     

高承诺工作系统对员工组织公民行为的影响——基于自我决定理论的视角

从自我决定理论的视角,通过对浙江省制造业和服务业企业员工进行问卷调查,运用层级回归、被调节的中介效应等方法进行统计分析,探究员工基本心理需要满足在高承诺工作系统与员工组织公民行为之间所起的中介作用,考察领导—成员交换的调节效应。研究结果表明:高承诺工作系统对员工组织公民行为有正向影响;员工基本心理需要满足在高承诺工作系统与员工组织公民行为之间起中介作用;领导—成员交换对高承诺工作系统与员工基本心理需要满足之间的关系具有调节作用;领导—成员交换调节了员工基本心理需要满足在高承诺工作系统与组织公民行为之间所起的中介效应。     

“牢头狱霸”问题与我国囚犯管理的制度选择——基于博弈论的法经济学分析

牢头狱霸现象在我国的监狱和看守所中长期存在,国家机关希望通过法律和政策对其进行打击,但这种现象却屡禁不止。对于牢头狱霸的产生原因和解决方式,相关的法律经济学分析尚属空白。本文通过非合作的完全信息静态博弈理论对新老囚犯的行为进行分析,揭示了在管制资源不足的状况下,管理者在制度选择时宁可冒着承担法律责任的风险,依然选择产生牢头狱霸制度的深层原因和动机。在此基础上,本文还进一步分析了这种非正式制度的优势和不足,并对我国的狱政管理提出相应的立法和政策建议。     

超越作为实体的受众与作为话语的受众——论基于技术视角的受众观的兴起

受众研究是传播研究的核心范畴。长期以来,两种完全不同的受众观左右着这一领域:即作为心理实体的受众观和作为话语实在的受众观,这两种针锋相对的受众观各有所长,但也各有所短,只是盲人摸象式的展示了一些关于受众的碎片化的观念和想象,无法解释今天发生在互联网上的受众实践。鉴于技术的偏向常常会改变受众与传播者的关系并进而影响到受众的观念和行动,因此将媒介看作是一种关系汇集和展演的空间,并就此分析技术与受众的相互建构,是更为科学的受众观。     

知识产权纠纷解决策略研究:一种博弈论视角

知识产权具有法定性、无形性与时间性,知识产权纠纷具有纠纷交叉、当事人目标多元与结果难以预测等特性。纠纷解决是各方主体在法律框架下的利益博弈。将博弈理论引入知识产权纠纷解决,在提供一套有力分析工具的同时,将更契合当事人的利益诉求与博弈过程,增强纠纷解决的可操作性。当事人力量对比、公众力量、认知障碍与保护方式等因素深刻影响当事人的策略选择。在纠纷解决中,应促成当事人信任与合作,以"非零和博弈"方法解决纠纷,实现双赢。     

我国水资源保护法律制度浅析——基于循环经济的视角

水是万物之源,然而,在传统的经济增长方式下,随着经济的发展和人口的增长,我国水污染日益严重,水资源严重短缺,已成为制约经济发展的重要因素,要实现水资源的可持续利用,必须在循环经济的理念下,改革、完善我国现行水资源保护制度,为水资源保护提供强有力的法律保障.     

事实与价值:罪过评价的二元视角——论传统罪过理论的缺陷与期待可能性理论

传统罪过理论的缺陷在于只注重心理事实的判断而忽视规范价值的判断(对过错是否具备刑法非难价值的判断),本文试图将大陆法系刑法理论中的期待可能性理论引入我国的罪过理论中,从而在罪过的概念中增加规范价值评价的因素,以使我国的罪过理论更加完善。     

Human Rights and Modern Society: A Sociological Analysis from the Perspective of Systems Theory

This article argues that the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann prepares the ground for a genuinely sociological theory of human rights. Through a presentation of Luhmann's work on human rights, it describes the historical and sociological processes that make visible why human rights emerge as a central feature of modern society. It is argued that the emergence of fundamental freedoms and human rights can be related to the dominant structure of modern society, that is, functional differentiation. Human rights are considered as a social institution, whereby modern society protects its own structure against self-destructive tendencies. By giving inalienable and equal rights to all human beings, society ensures that the differentiation between different functional subsystems is maintained and at the same time institutionalizes specific mechanisms to increase stability and protection of the individual. The article first examines some features of the systems-theoretical framework that are used to describe and analyse the issue of human rights. Next, it presents a brief overview of the semantic evolution of human rights. This reconstruction focuses on the question how the modern semantics of human rights can be linked to a specific structural societal transformation. The second part of the essay is devoted to the social function of human rights. After focusing on the general function, it makes a distinction between 'fundamental freedoms' on the one hand, and the 'rights of equality' on the other.