宗庆后的江湖

一直到2007年年底，宗庆后与达能的这场“离婚官司”仍然尘埃未定，充满了种种的变数。它让人们看到了中国式商业的种种变通与曲折，也展现出不同利益所有者对政策与环境的利用与角斗     

宗庆后：水世界的传奇

娃哈哈品牌的经营之路被收录进诸多MBA的教程中,人们力图探究仅有初中文凭的宗庆后何以驾驭娃哈哈近二十年,创造了一个中国人自己的饮料品牌     

当浙商成首富

宗庆后登上中国大陆首富的拿座,显然不是他一个人的事情,他身处其中的整个浙商群体都应该得到警醒——在投机氛围日益浓厚的市场里,如果轻言放弃他们赖以成长的草根意识和创业精神,那么在这一代浙江商人中将不可能走出伟大的企业和真正的企业家     

宗庆后的“3亿元偷税门”

是达能故意设陷阱还是宗庆后知情不申报、故意偷逃税；是因为检举才补税还是确如宗庆后所言自己不知道检举而报税；补税之后构不构成犯罪？这些问题成了偷逃税事件的焦点     

但愿宗庆后手持绿卡照样为人民代言

宗庆后被媒体曝光自1999年便持有美国绿卡，期间他担任了十届和十一届全国人大代表。人们对宗庆后的代表资格表示一定程度地怀疑。     

对话宗庆后：我的个人消费一年不超过五万元

42岁高龄创业，做的是老百姓都司空见惯的最简单、最没有技术含量的产品——水（饮料）。当我们重新打开宗庆后的创业历程，用新的视角去解读他的每一步决策，会发现世界上最强大的力量莫过于最柔弱的水     

论危险犯的危险

危险在刑法体系中具有特定的含义。作为危险犯核心内容的危险是刑法理论中危险的一种,与以未遂犯为代表的实害犯的危险并不相同。危险犯的危险是危害行为所导致的违反常规的客观非常状态的属性,即可以依据客观预测很有可能不久即将发生的实害。危险犯的危险的概念是建立在可能性基础上的,具有客观性和实害结果发生的现实可能性等特点。对危险犯的危险应作客观的判断,即只能根据具体案情,实事求是地分析行为中是否包含引起某种实害结果的必然性和原因力。     

行为的危险要素与危险结果的区别

针对我国现行刑法中关于危险犯的规定,理论界对危险犯更加的关注,但在现有的刑法理论中,关于危险犯中危险结果与行为本身所具有的危险的区分却很少有人提到。本文就由危险犯引出行为的危险要素及危险结果的区别,并就行为的危险要素、危险结果两者具体的判断区别上进行了论述。     

危险犯罪中危险的认定

危险犯是与实害犯相对应的范畴,它是指行为人的行为造成了危害结果出现可能的危险状态。随着社会的发展与进步,人类已经进入风险社会,危险犯罪呈集中多发、复杂多变的特点。刑事司法领域对危险犯罪的研究越来越重视,而刑事司法对于危险犯罪的规定过于简单。本文旨在通过对危险犯罪的相关规定进行归纳分析,以得出对危险犯罪中危险的明确界定。     

过失危险犯之危险研究

研究过失危险犯应当从过失犯罪的角度出发。过失危险犯中“危险”的准确表述应是危险状态,且仅指具体危险状态。在判断危险状态是否出现时,应当注重危险状况的结果属性,应基于科学知识的因果法则和经验法则去认识危险状态的有无及程度。危害行为实施完毕是危险状态出现的前提条件,向实害结果转化的高度可能性是判断危险状态出现的关键。应当谨慎界定过失危险犯之危险状态的范围。一般而言,只有那些对重大公共安全产生重大现实威胁的危险状态才构成过失危险犯中的危险状态。     

论危险犯的危险状态

关于危险犯的概念 ,危险犯的分类以及危险犯的特征等问题 ,目前还存在不少争论。譬如 ,有些学者对危险犯的表述如下 :“危险犯是以出现法定的危险状态作为成立犯罪既遂的标志。”“危险犯是指行为人实施的危害行为造成法律规定的发生某种危害结果的危险状态作为既遂标志的犯罪。”① “危险犯是指其犯罪之完成 ,以使生侵害法益之危险为已足 ,即对于法益发生危险 ,其犯罪即已完成。”② “危险犯是指行为人实施的行为足以造成某种实害结果发生 ,但实害结果尚未发生 ,即构成既遂的犯罪。或者简洁地说 ,危险犯是指以行为人实施的危害行为造成的…     

略论危险状态在危险犯中的地位和作用

危险状态是危险犯既遂形态的构成要件而不是危险犯的成立要件。危险状态的存在意味着危险 犯的构成要件齐备,从而构成既遂。危险状态出现以后,即使行为人采取积极的措施消除这一危 险状态,仍然属于危险犯的既遂,而这种既遂和实害犯的中止形态存在着竞合关系。     

论危险故意

危险故意是连接实害故意与过失的链条,它的主体是对危险的认识与意志,最高端是对实害的认识与意志,最低端是对危险的过失。在危险故意中,"行为的知与欲"是一个不变的要素,"结果的知与欲"这一要素却呈忽明忽暗的变化———从"实害结果的知与欲"到"危险结果的知与欲"、"危险结果的知"再到"危险结果的过失"。放火罪危险犯的故意内容只能是对行为及其实害结果的知与欲,而不是对行为及其危险结果的知与欲。危险驾驶罪是故意犯罪,故意的内容为,行为人对于危险驾驶行为具有故意,对于行为所造成的抽象危险既可以是故意也可以是过失。     

Moment of Silence

The paper looks at the establishment of religion clause in the First Amendment to the US Constitution, and cases, e.g. Brown v. Gilmore, followed by Croft v. Perry and Sherman v. Koch, cases that relate to the concept of the “moment of silence” in educational institutions in which it was claimed that such events constitute a breach of the establishment clause. Courts have been inconsistent in their decision-making, which may indicate a lack of transparency not only in the interpretation of the relevant phrase in the Constitution but also in the judicial interpretation of the “three-pronged test” with regard to “excessive entanglement” as laid out in Lemon v. Kurtzman of 1971. The paper discusses the “moment of silence” within the framework of a model of silence in which this type of silence would be labeled as either textual or situational silence.     

Dangerous work and name disclosure

Name disclosure improves service quality as well as the supervision and management of employees. When such disclosure has the possibility to endanger employees, however, a conflict arises between the need for public disclosure and the maintenance of work safety. To improve the discipline and responsibility of police officers, the Taiwanese government is planning a new policy of sewing names on officers’ uniforms. To determine the impact, this study assumed implementation of the policy and investigated police officers’ perceptions of and reactions to it. Respondents included 337 front-line officers whose main duties were related to law enforcement or other services that involve direct contact with the public. The results showed that police officers interpreted the policy as a disclosure of personal information, that their perception of future revenge risk potential, work stress, and attention to amicable attitudes toward the public were significantly higher, and that their intrinsic work motivation was significantly lower. There was no significant difference, however, in terms of police officers’ pay satisfaction.     

The Dangerous Ideal of Autonomy

The ideal of autonomy has a positive and a negative aim. Its positive aim is to create the conditions in which more and more people can be more and more autonomous. Its negative aim is to prevent actions that cause serious harm and are normally both immoral and criminal. These two aims are incompatible. Increasing autonomy increases the frequency of crimes and decreasing the frequency of crimes requires decreasing autonomy. The incompatibility of these two aims has radical implications for much current thinking about criminal justice.