Community Policing

I have been involved in trying to deliver effective neighbourhoodpolicing for over 25 years and it has, at times, been a frustratingprofessional challenge. I joined Hampshire Constabulary in 1980as a young history graduate from Oxford University. The ConstabularyI joined was coming to terms with a huge influx of young officersas a result of the Edmund Davies pay awards that had significantlyimproved the pay and conditions of police officers. I founda police force that was in transformation. There were stillmany, particularly in senior management, who had been broughtup in     

社区警务的社会学分析

20世纪70年代,社区警务出现于西方。在当今学术界社区警务依然是研究的重点。社区警务是一种新的预防犯罪的理念,它立足于社区,把警务工作的内容从打击犯罪转移到了预防犯罪。随着社区警务研究的不断深入,有必要对它进行社会学分析,以此来规范对社区警务的学术研究。社区警务是有组织的社会行动,是由各方社会角色扮演的社会互动过程,其本质是社会控制。     

上海社区警务建设刍议

上海公安机关在实施现代警务机制战略中以新一轮社区警务改革为核心,形成了警种联动、警社合作、警民沟通、外部考评四大工作机制,特别是在加强实体及网上警务室建设、推进警社合作、引入外部考评机制方面,为新时期密切警群联系、构建和谐警民关系奠定了坚实基础。     

Extended Mind and Embodied Social Psychology: Historical Perspectives

This study traces the evolution of a research program that frames the human mind as an embodied social phenomenon. The essay is divided into two parts, the first one focused on historical issues, the second on contemporary developments. The discussion begins with the mind-body problem central to the scholarship in this area and then focuses the changing perspective on consciousness as a symbolically mediated process. Next, the paper surveys the relevant writings of Mead and Vygotsky, tracks the debate about the place of body in interactionist sociology, and connects this debate to current research in neuroscience. The report concludes with reflections on the prospects for embodied sociology and the contribution it can make to the debate about extended mind.     

对平等和公正的历史考察

在和谐社会的目标追求中,平等和公正是优先考虑的问题,平等是公正的基础和前提.在等级社会,没有平等,也就没有真正的公正.在近代社会,由于法律制度以及工业社会意识形态的确立,出现了形式平等,而实质平等则没有实现的可能.在社会主义制度下,不仅要确立形式平等,更主要的是要实现实质平等.平等与公正是有着广泛社会价值的,在人的创造性能力的实现中,平等和公正能够发挥基础性的作用.而且,我们当前所面对的地区性和世界性的问题,也需要通过平等和公正的途径去加以解决.     

Diversity and Community Trust in Swedish Local Communities

This article analyses the effect of immigration-related diversity on different forms of trust through the hierarchical analysis of three levels of approximately 5,000 respondents nested in over 800 neighbourhoods and 33 municipalities. The data set is based on a unique survey that was specially designed to measure different forms of trust and to test the effects of context. Building on previous findings about the effect of diversity on various forms of trust in Sweden, we discuss three mechanisms through which diversity may drive down community trust in diverse settings – dissimilarity, perceptions of unfairness and asymmetry of information and norms – and explore these empirically. In particular, we examine under which conditions asymmetry of information and norms and perceptions of unfairness affect community trust, and how it interacts with diversity. Our analysis reveals that norm asymmetry and perceptions of unfairness affect community trust negatively but the negative effects are more pronounced in the most diverse local communities.     

'Environmentalism', 'New Politics' and Industrialism: Some Theoretical Perspectives

Various conceptions of 'Environmentalism' and 'New Politics' are surveyed and their logical inconsistencies are identified. It is argued that only a conception of the crisis of industrial society, not the least evident in Eastern Europe, enables a consistent understanding of 'new politics'. From this conception, stressing the limits of man's mastery over nature on the one hand and the limits of the expansion of formal rationality on the other, the ambivalences in 'New Politics' between 'pre-industrial' and 'post-industrial' solutions are identified. The article sketches how the 'post-industrial' position can be developed. Neoliberalism and 'green' politics are identified not only as adversaries but rather as competing responses to the crisis of industrialism and the compatibility of 'green' and social democratic politics is analysed.     

Freedom,Choice and Public Well-Being: Some Psychological Perspectives

Optimization of well being with minimal regulations seems like a reasonable goal. The problems (and recent progress) in measuring well being are described. The complex meanings of freedom are discussed, with a contrast between “actual” and perceived freedom. Then, the limitations of humans as decision makers in the current complex world in which decisions may have global impact, are described. For the domain of regulations related to food and public health, it is noted that our current scientific knowledge is limited, and policy is influenced by political as well as scientific factors. The risks of misguided regulations are substantial. Finally, the determinants of decisions are described, with particular emphasis on moralization: the historical conversion of a preference into a moral value, as with cigarette smoking in the United States. The consequences and causes of moralization are considered.     

Governance and Policing

The theme of this issue is governance, a term with multipleand often contested meanings. By governance, in its broadestsense, I mean those more or less systematic attempts to shapehuman conduct. In civil society, these can range from self-governancethrough prayer and exercise, family and commercial management,the organization of residential and religious communities, strugglesover turf by street gangs and organized crime networks, to paramilitaryand ‘terrorist’ networks. As radical feminists andevolutionary theorists argue, the core of collective governanceor state government is patriarchal. This is so whether or notthere is an effective sovereign