欧委会修正对原产于中国对甲酚反倾销措施

欧洲议会在2006年12月13日以压倒性多数票通过一项极具争议的化学品管理法…《欧盟化学品注册、评估和许可法》（简称REACH法规）。该法规将强化对欧盟市场上化学物质的评估和审查制度，以避免可能对人体和环境有影响的化学物质进入人们日常生活。根据新法规，任何化学品投放欧盟市场前，生产和进口企业必须于拟设在芬兰赫尔辛基的欧盟化学品管理中心注册登记，它们需提交有关产品安全性的各种材料，列出可能存在的安全风险。所需的检测等各项费用全部由企业负担。新法规要求企业而不是政府主管部门承担证明产品安全的责任，这与目前的做法截然不同。     

法政新知

12月1日起,一批法规及规范性文件正式实施。其中有的旨在加强危险化学品安全管理,有的规定在于推动国内外汇期权市场发展。这些规定将从不同层面进一步推动我国经济社会向前发展。确立危险化学品安全使用许可制度为加强危险化学品的安全管理,预防和减少危险化学品事故,我国修订了《危险化学品安全管理条例》     

危险化学品安全管理条例

1.2011年3月2日国务院令第591号公布2.自2011年12月1日起施行第一章总则第一条为了加强危险化学品的安全管理,预防和减少危险化学品事故,保障人民群众生命财产安全,保护环境,制定本条例。第二条危险化学品生产、储存、使用、经营和运输的安全管理,适用本条例。废弃危险化学品的处置,依照有关环境保护的法律、行政法规和国家有关规定执行。第三条本条例所称危险化学品,是指具有毒害、腐蚀、爆炸、燃烧、助燃等性质,对人体、设施、环境具有危害的剧毒化学品和其他化学品。危险化学品目录,     

废弃危险化学品污染环境防治办法

《废弃危险化学品污染环境防治办法》已于2005年8月18日由国家环境保护总局2005年第十四次局务会议通过,现予公布,自2005年10月1日起施行。第一条为了防治废弃危险化学品污染环境,根据《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《危险化学品安全管理条例》和有关法律、法规,制定本办法。第二条本办法所称废弃危险化学品,是指未经使用而被所有人抛弃或者放弃的危险化学品,淘汰、伪劣、过期、失效的危险化学品,由公安、海关、质检、工商、农业、安全监管、环保等主管部门在行政管理活动中依法收缴的危险化学品以及接收的公众上交的危险化学品。废弃危险化…     

浅论危险化学品生命周期安全管理

随着我国工业企业的发展,企业生产规模越来越大,使用化学品种类越来越多,重大危险源分布广泛。由于80%以上的化学品有易燃易爆、有毒有害、腐蚀放射等危险性,且其生产工艺复杂,高温高压突出,一旦发生事故,则极可能造成巨大的社会危害。更危险的是,目前人工合成的化学品的品种日趋复杂,其可能带来的对环境和健康的风险越来越大。危险化学品的安全管理和事故应急管理面临严峻的挑战,扎实做好危险化学品的生命周期(生产、经营、储存、运输、使用、和废弃处置全过程)的安全基础工作成为关键。     

中欧企业环境信息强制公开制度比较研究

企业环境信息强制公开是企业履行社会责任的重要形式,欧盟在《污染物排放与转移登记议定书》中建立了较为完善的企业环境信息强制公开(PRTR)制度。我国与欧盟企业在环境信息强制公开主体、范围、程序以及法律责任方面存在巨大的差异。借鉴欧盟企业环境信息强制公开立法经验,将有助于健全我国企业环境信息强制公开法规体系,完善企业环境信息强制公开制度。     

危险化学品重大危险源监督管理暂行规定

1.2011年8月5日国家安全生产监督管理总局令第40号公布2.自2011年12月1日起施行第一章总则第一条为了加强危险化学品重大危险源的安全监督管理,防止和减少危险化学品事故的发生,保障人民群众生命财产安全,根据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》和《危险化学品安全管理条例》等有关法律、行政法规,制定本规定。     

欧盟核安全立法的新发展及其对中国的启示

欧盟一直重视核安全立法,《建立欧洲原子能共同体条约》缔造了欧盟成员国和平利用核能的合作框架,它在一个集中的监控系统下保证了欧盟核能的供应安全。欧盟在2011年3月福岛第一核电站事故后,加快推进核安全方面法律和政策的制定进程,尤其在放射性废物和核废料安全、辐射防护基本安全方面都采取了最新的立法措施,确保欧盟核能在保证安全的基础上正常发展。我国应借鉴欧盟经验,坚持国际核安全标准,加强核废料和放射性废物安全管理立法,建立较为完善的核安全法律框架。     

试论易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点及防治对策

易制毒化学品是国家规定管制的,容易用于制造毒品,包括麻醉药品和精神药品的原料和配剂。近年来,我国易制毒化学品违法犯罪案件时有发生,并呈逐年上升的态势,这不仅助长了制贩毒品犯罪的蔓延,而且败坏了国家声誉。管理部门必须根据易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点,强化易制毒化学品管制基础工作;加强对易制毒化学品知识的培训和宣传教育;依法打击易制毒化学品违法案件;加强易制毒化学品查缉和检测设备以及销毁技术的研发工作,推行社会化管理模式,以遏制易制毒化学品违法犯罪的增长。     

从法律角度浅析我国安全生产事故频发的原因

我国安全生产相关立法不断增加，安全生产相关法规既包括专门的生产安全法，在其他的部门法中也散落着一些生产安全的条款。包括刑法、行政法、民法、劳动与社会保障法等，另外还有一些行政法规和地方性法规和规章。这些法规足以应付安全生产申的安全问题。但是，我国的安全生产相关法规的实施状况并不尽如人意，在安全生产法的实施中存在着较多的问题。     

Once more with ‘sympathy’ but no resolution for intended mothers: the EU,Ireland and the surrogacy dilemma

This article examines the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Z v A Government Department and the Board of Management of a Community School and the court’s interpretation of existing EU legislation on whether commissioning or intended mothers are entitled to paid leave equivalent to maternity benefit. It highlights the failure of the CJEU in this case to call for specific EU legislation on the issue of surrogacy. The Irish Courts have been more proactive in this regard. The Supreme Court has acknowledged that ‘pending the introduction … of legislation dealing with this field, it is … not for the courts to attempt to resolve the complex questions that need to be addressed’. This article compares recent decisions of the Irish Courts to that of the CJEU as they struggle to keep abreast with modern society in the absence of legislation at national and EU level.     

Priority goals in international co-operation of the Republic of Serbia in the field of environment and sustainable development

The paper points to the significance of some factors of international co-operation in the field of environment and sustainable development as a general framework for understanding of the fundamental goals in international co-operation of the Republic of Serbia (RS). It is especially pointed to the place and importance of the activities that are carried out in the European Union (EU), to the harmonisation of national legislation with EU legislation including regulations in the field of climate change, to the significance of international environmental agreements and various forms of global, regional, subregional and bilateral co-operation as well as to the co-operation with international financial institutions which are important for environment and sustainable development. The paper is based on the thesis that the fundamental goals in international co-operation of RS in the field of environment and sustainable development are mostly determined by the “European perspective” of RS and in accordance with this, with global trends in the contemporary environmental and sustainable development policy and law. Opening the prospect of the EU membership (potential candidate status and the status of the candidate for EU membership) has resulted in the acceleration of the process of harmonisation of national legislation with the EU’s as well as speeding up the process of ratification of the international treaties in the field of the environmental protection.     

欧洲联盟电子商务立法评介

欧盟电子商务立法的框架是由一体化立法、成员国立法、综合立法和专项立法共同构建而成的多层次的法律体系 ,其内容涉及网络服务、电子签名、消费者保护、司法管辖、电子货币、税收以及著作权保护等方面。从欧盟电子商务立法实践可归纳出三方面特点 ,即 (1 )就立法意图而言 ,重点在于创建欧洲电子商务统一市场 ;(2 )就欧盟法与成员国立法关系而言 ,强调相互补充、相互制约 ;(3)就立法的重点而言 ,兼顾内部立法、国际条约和行业自律的制定。     

The Legality of the EU's Stand-Alone Approach to the Climate Impact of Aviation: The Express Role Given to the ICAO by the Kyoto Protocol

The aviation sector is not yet covered by the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Taking into account the fact that aviation increasingly contributes to climate change, the European Commission adopted a proposal for legislation to include aviation in the EU ETS. The proposal foresees the inclusion of internal EU flights as well as external flights to and from the Union within the EU ETS. On 20 December 2007, EU Environment Ministers reached political agreement in the Environment Council on the basis of a new compromise text tabled by the Presidency. However, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as various stakeholders, does not consider that the EU has the competence to include aviation within the EU ETS. A crucial point concerning the legality of including aviation in the EU ETS is the fact that Article 2(2) of the Kyoto Protocol states that the parties 'shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation . . . working through the International Civil Aviation Organization . . .'. This article reviews the legality of the EU's stand-alone approach, focusing on the European and international legal framework and taking into account the express role given to the ICAO by the Kyoto Protocol.     

Keeping national parliaments informed: The problem of European legislation

Since Maastricht there has been a growing realisation in the institutions of the European Union, that the unfettered flow of information is vital to the health of the whole European project. Some moves have been made towards more transparent decision‐making, but progress has been slow and is limited by a culture which values confidentiality, particularly in intergovernmental negotiations. The free flow of information is especially important to national parliaments if they are to exercise any influence in the EU. The House of Commons Select Committee on European Legislation has recently pronounced the scrutiny system to be ‘in deep crisis’ because of chaotic decision‐making and a disregard for the rights of national parliaments. Many Westminster MPs feel frustrated by the difficulty of keeping track of EU legislation. The paper suggests that the ingredients of an improved information system already exist. A wealth of current information can be derived from EU‐related electronic databases and through direct links between the European Parliament and national parliaments. It proposes that a new current awareness service for the House of Commons, distributed via the parliamentary network and as hard copy, could focus information for MPs in a much more accessible way.     

Going Unnoticed? Diagnosing the Right to Asylum in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Article 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines the right to asylum. Nonetheless, despite its ‘constitutionalisation’ within primary law, asylum remains a far too amorphous right, whose axiological potential has gone virtually unnoticed in the ongoing migratory crisis. The paper will argue that this is partly due to the fact that the Court of Justice on a few occasions has declined to clarify the scope of Article 18. The provision at issue therefore remains a pathological element that requires an adequate diagnosis on which accurate prognoses can be based. In an attempt to diagnose the right to asylum enshrined in Article 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, this paper will compare different hermeneutical approaches and reflect on the contextualisation of the mentioned provision through the lens of domestic and EU case law and in the light of the recent EU–Turkey Statement. The article will ultimately propose to interpret the EU asylum legislation as instrumental to the effective exercise of the right to asylum.     

Current environmental problems in member states of the Eurasian Economic Union

Member states of the Eurasian Economic Union face many common problems in the field of environmental protection inherited from the Soviet Union. These problems gained momentum in early XXI century. This article is devoted to the analysis of modern environmental problems in member states of the Eurasian Economic Union as well as to search for ways to resolve them. Effective environmental management in the Eurasian Economic Union requires cooperation with the European Union using its experience in the field of environmental activities and implementing its international policies. EurAsEC needs to develop its own programs aimed at saving the environment, modernization of environmental legislation, promotion of activities aimed at environmental preservation in addition to relevant prohibitions and sanctions. Special attention should be given to utilization of industrial and consumption waste, since it jeopardizes the environment. The authors of this study summarized the information regarding environmental issues in member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, the EU experience in addressing environmental issues and the international legislation related to the environmental activities. In addition, the study provides practical recommendations, which in the case of their practical application will promote environmental restoration in the Eurasian Economic Union. However, this activity will have positive effect beyond the Union.     

The Transposition of EU Law: ‘Post‐Decisional Politics’ and Institutional Autonomy

The transposition of European Union (EU) law into national law is a significant part of the EU policy process. However, political scientists have not devoted to it the attention that it deserves. Here, transposition is construed as part of the wider process of policy implementation. Drawing on implementation theory from the field of public policy, the article outlines three sets of factors (institutional, political, and substantive) that affect transposition. Second, the article examines the manner in which eight member states transpose EU legislation, and identifies a European style of transposition. An institutionalist approach is employed to argue that this style is not the result of a process of convergence. Rather, it stems from the capacity of institutions to adapt to novel situations by means of their own standard operating procedures and institutional repertoires. It concludes by highlighting (a) the partial nature of efforts at EU level to improve transposition, themselves impaired by the politics of the policy process and (b) some ideas regarding future research.     

Constitutional Principle,the Rule of Law and Political Reality: The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 is the cornerstone of UK legislation designed to accomplish the legal dimension of Brexit. It brings the entire acquis of EU law into UK law in order to avoid regulatory black holes that would otherwise occur. The Act embodies a twofold legislative strategy: EU law brought into UK law thereby is to be made fit for purpose by exit day, with necessary changes being made by statutory instrument; Parliament can then decide at greater leisure thereafter whether it wishes to retain, amend or repeal this legislation. The burden placed on Parliament is unprecedented, all the more so given the exigencies of time in which the changes are to be made. This article explicates the principal provisions of the 2018 Act, and the concerns as to constitutional principle and the rule of law raised by the legislation. The tensions in the drafting process are made apparent, and uncertainties in the resulting text are revealed.     

欧盟信息安全法律框架之解读

网络与信息系统安全已经引起了全世界共同关注,美国和欧盟在这一领域走在了世界的前列。伴随中欧经济、文化交流的日益密切,欧盟信息安全法律框架也为我国立法提供了可资借鉴的蓝本。通过解读欧盟信息安全法律框架的演变轨迹及其特点,结合我国信息安全保障立法现状,分析当前我国信息安全立法的主要着力点,提出我国应加快信息安全立法进程,用法律形式明确信息安全监管机构和监管模式,构建有中国特色的信息安全法律体系。