明清之际中越关系的演变与抉择

明清更替之际,安南王国作为中国传统的藩属国,面对新朝与旧朝残余分治的局面,其主政的中兴黎朝先是出于恢复"王爵"的要求,与南明政权频繁互动,互相支持。后因南明衰败无望,清朝实际控制了全国局势,加之在其国内对手武氏、莫氏割据政权先后归顺清朝,并获得了封号,中兴黎朝为了确保其于安南国内统治的正当性,无奈地归顺清朝。     

当前叙利亚局势及其发展前景

4月12日,经联合国特使安南斡旋,叙利亚开始实现停火,但小规模冲突时有发生,致使安南调解任重道远。当前叙当局面临新的挑战,短期内,发生政权更迭的可能性不大。尽管如此,叙未来局势走向扑朔迷离。中国在叙问题上彰显了负责任大国的重要作用。     

明朝与安南战后邦交关系常态化交涉考述

宣宗二年,明朝政府决定从安南撤军,结束对安南20余年的管治。为修复战后双方之关系,明朝政府提出拥立陈氏后裔、遣返明朝官兵以及送还遗留的兵械等条件。安南首领黎利表面应允,在行动上却虚以委蛇。经过长达3年的外交博弈,三个条件,无一落实。无奈之下,明朝最终仅授予黎利"权署国事"之名,安南则遵循三年一贡之例,使两国邦交关系恢复常态化。     

17～18世纪阮氏政权对外贸易与农村经济的联动发展

从阮氏政权a对外贸易与农村发展联动机制的视角,梳理17～18世纪阮氏政权经济发展过程,揭示阮氏政权创造"百年繁荣"奇迹的内在机理,是一件有学术意义的事情.16世纪下半叶,阮氏政权从越南中部崛起,与北方郑氏控制的后黎朝形成了长达一个半世纪的南北对峙和分裂割据局面,并向南开拓了今日越南近五分之三国土面积的统治疆域,对越南及中南半岛的发展产生了重大历史影响.与越南历代封建政权"重农抑商"的传统不同,阮氏政权采取积极的对外开放政策,通过国家主导发展对外贸易,与世界贸易大国建立起贸易关系和商业网络,农村发展要素被纳入国际产业分工,促进了农村经济生产专业化、商品流通货币化和流通货币资本化的演化进程.与此同时,阮氏政权利用地缘相近、文化相通的优势,吸引大量华人移民,引进国际资本和先进的管理技术,实施南部大开发战略,阮氏政权逐渐融入以中国为中心的东亚贸易体系和国际金融体系,形成对外贸易与农村经济联动发展的格局.随着经济、社会、文化融合的加深,华人与当地原住民的融合进程也在加快,为今日湄公河三角洲的政治、经济和文化格局的形成奠定了基础.     

试析中国与斯里兰卡关系的发展

中国与斯里兰卡的交往历史悠久.1949年中华人民共和国成立后,双方的联系进一步加强,并呈现出经济联系促进政治交往、政治交往转而带动经济交流的特征.进入21世纪后,两国在各个方面的联系得到进一步发展,两国关系进入一个新的发展阶段.     

缅甸军人政权缘何能长期存在?——一些西方学者的观点解析

缅甸的军人政权是当今世界寿命最长的军人政权之一.缅甸的军人政权缘何能长期存在,一些西方学者从不同角度进行了研究和解释.本文认为,一些西方学者对缅甸军人政权长期存在的内因的分析,多数观点是能够自圆其说的,但其关于外因的说法则值得怀疑.本文指出,一些西方学者将缅甸军人政权能够长期存在的主要外部原因归结为中国、印度、俄罗斯尤其是中国的支持,这是不切实际、带有政治偏见的.尤其是他们对所谓"中国在缅甸的战略利益"的种种猜测.似有"以小人之心度君子之腹"之嫌.     

从政治整肃到行政规训:新经济政策时期苏维埃政权的知识分子政策

十月革命既是伟大的政治革命,同时也是深刻的"思想革命"以及更为艰巨的"文化革命".新经济政策既是苏维埃政权在经济领域政策的重大调整,也是其在文化政策和意识形态上的重大变化.出于政权安全和国家安全的考虑,苏维埃政权对部分反共反苏知识分子采取了政治整肃、司法镇压乃至驱逐出境的手段,这在当时曾在相当大的程度发挥了积极作用,但同时也遗留下了历史隐患.     

列宁和普列汉诺夫:世界社会主义运动中跨世纪的大辩论

列宁和普列汉诺夫在十月革命问题上的分歧,可以归纳为两个方面:一是布尔什维克是否应该发动十月革命夺取政权,也就是十月革命的合理性和必要性问题.二是夺取政权后是否应该立即开始向社会主义过渡,或者说是否应该立即实行由民主革命向社会主义革命的转变.十月革命虽然已过去了90多年,但重温当年列宁与普列汉诺夫这场历史性的大辩论,从中认真吸取教训,避免重蹈历史覆辙,对于今天的共产党人和社会主义者仍然具有重要的现实的意义.     

泰国民主政治的怪圈

泰国实行宪政以来经历了多次军人政权和民选政权的交替,形成了政治循环的怪圈,而且每个周期的更替多伴随着暴力冲突和政治动乱.近两年来,泰国政治进入了新一轮循环周期,政治动荡更是此起彼伏.本文重点回顾了2008年的政治危机,分析了危机的根源,并对泰国政治制度发展前景作出预测.     

回顾我对德国国防部和北约总部的数次访问－－兼忆我与德国将军们的交往

作者回忆了自1985年以来与德国国防部及北约总部的德国将军们交往的情况.以此文纪念中德建交三十周年.     

The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little‐studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.     

The Health of the Rurality: The Encuesta de Folklore and Popular Healing Practices in Tucumán, 1921

This article examines healing practices among the rural inhabitants of Tucumán in the opening quarter of the twentieth century through a reading of the 1921 National Folklore Survey. It argues that popular medical practices, referred to as curanderismos (popular healing), continued into the twentieth century not only as cultural practice of the popular classes but as necessity due to limited investments in public health in the rural regions on the part of the national and provincial government.     

Promises of an impossible compromise: conceded constitutions in Europe, 1814–1906

The enactment of a constitution through the method of ‘concession’, as it was used in Europe between the Napoleonic wars and World War I, indicates that a hitherto absolute ruler understood the need for a higher level of institutionalization and collective exercise of state power, but mistrusted institutionalized and collective processes, which would define the level needed. In other word, a ‘concession’ comprehended an imminent contradiction. Drafting an enduring constitution is a complex and difficult task, which requires consensus- building on a wide scale through collective procedures. However, a ruler who ‘concedes’ implicitly denies any kind of collective constitution-making, which could get out of the ruler’s control. Instead rulers preferred a non-inclusive approach, using court advisors and/or ministers appointed by the ruler, to draft the constitutional text. The European experience analyzed in this article shows that popular involvement through representative procedures (such as the election of a constituent assembly) in the making of a constitution can improve its chances for endurance through time and create a political environment more favourable for the constitution to achieve normative quality, instead of remaining essentially a false promise.     

Continuity and change in instrumentalizing ‘The Precedent’. How Russia uses Kosovo to legitimize the annexation of Crimea

The article contributes to the efforts of understanding Russia’s legitimization endeavours by looking at the policy narratives centred around the so-called Kosovo precedent and the way they were perceived by different actors from Ukraine, Russia, and international experts. The aim of the paper is to scrutinize the process of politicization of contested international norms (in particular, territorial sovereignty and the right to self-determination) in the case of Russia’s legitimacy claims in Ukraine. In assessing the instrumentalization of the ‘Kosovo precedent’ in the Crimea crisis, we focused on three main elements identified in the selected policy narratives: the reinterpretation of history, the humanitarian and ethnic factor and the reinterpretation of Western actions in the Balkans.     

‘The state starts from the family’: peace and harmony in Tajikistan's eastern Pamirs

Based on anthropological fieldwork between 2008 and 2011, this article focuses on how people in Tajikistan's eastern Pamirs conceptualize well-being through the establishment of peace and harmony. An exploration of the interactional use of the terms ‘peace’ and ‘harmony’ in Kyrgyz and Tajik (tynchtyk, yntymak, tinji, and vahdat) makes manifest that the meanings of these terms are connected to the fields of ‘family’, ‘leadership’, and ‘state’. Basing their reasoning on the officially promoted analogy between family and state, people in the eastern Pamirs distinguish between social spaces that are related to well-being and those that are not. As a factor of distinction, and crucial to the establishment of peace and harmony, the moral quality of leadership plays an important role. Positive experiences of such leadership as balanced and morally pure are mainly identified and witnessed within families and neighbourhoods and only occasionally in state institutions. This discrepancy raises the question of where to locate boundaries between good and bad, moral and immoral, harmonious and conflictual. Thus, this article contributes not only to the study of local concepts of well-being in Central Asia but also to the study of local concepts of ‘ill-being’ which challenge them.     

AFGHAN REFUGEES: THE IMPACT ON PAKISTAN

One of the most important arenas that have been profoundly affected by the security situation in Afghanistan is Pakistan's internal security environment. The instability in Afghanistan has had a negative spill-over effect on Pakistan's domestic security scenario, as the Afghan quagmire poses immense implications on Pakistan's domestic framework. One of the important consequences of the Afghan conflict since the 1970s has been the massive inflow of the Afghan refugee population to the neighbouring Pakistan which in following years has brought about a number of demographic and security challenges to the Pakistani society. Therefore along with a number of factors, at this present juncture, Afghan refugees have also become a principal factor in determining Pakistan's Afghanistan policy.