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Abstract: Plant material is frequently encountered in criminal investigations but often overlooked as potential evidence. We designed a DNA‐based molecular identification system for 100 Australian grasses that consisted of a series of polymerase chain reaction assays that enabled the progressive identification of grasses to different taxonomic levels. The identification system was based on DNA sequence variation at four chloroplast and two mitochondrial loci. Seventeen informative indels and 68 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were utilized as molecular markers for subfamily to species‐level identification. To identify an unknown sample to subfamily level required a minimum of four markers or nine markers for species identification. The accuracy of the system was confirmed by blind tests. We have demonstrated “proof of concept” of a molecular identification system for trace botanical samples. Our evaluation suggests that the adoption of a system that combines this approach with DNA sequencing could assist the morphological identification of grasses found as forensic evidence.  相似文献   

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Forensic neuropsychology continues to grapple with critical determinations of response styles, including the assessment of malingering. The development of the Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (MND) model has been highly influential for both feigning research and neuropsychological practice. In striving to be a comprehensive model of malingering, MND proposes complex criteria for ascertaining possible, probable, and definite levels. In its critical review, this article suggests the possibility of an MND bias towards the over-classification of malingering. It also examines the limits of MND research to adequately test the MND model. The conceptual and empirical limitations of MND are discussed with reference to theory and neuropsychological practice.  相似文献   

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法医学DNA技术促成了法医学实践的一次飞跃,其建立的数据库策略为后续的研究提供了可贵的借鉴;2004年召开的人类基因组大会提出并肯定了代谢物组学的理论和技术,该技术相对于目前应用的其它技术并结合法医学的实践需要,具有更广阔的应用前景,本文借鉴DNA技术成功的经验,首次提议建立代谢物组学数据库及基于该数据库的专家系统,为解决目前法医学难以解决的难题,促成法医学继DNA技术之后新飞跃进行探索.  相似文献   

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多模态话语普遍存在于广告语篇中,因此,对广告进行多模态话语分析显得十分必要。论文以ChinaDaily上的一则英文公寓广告为语料,对广告中的图片采用视觉语法的分析方法,对广告中的文字说明则以批评性话语分析的三维模式为出发点进行意识形态分析。该研究揭示了语篇生产者如何在特定的社会文化语境下运用各种符号对消费者进行情感、态度、观念上的控制,旨在增强受众对不同层面意识形态渗透手段的认识,提高受众批判性视觉阅读能力与语言阅读能力。  相似文献   

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This article examines mental health advocacy,exploring the philosophy of the gift and thepsychology of forensic intervention. Byselectively, though strategically, reviewing the workof Hobbes, Emerson, and Nietzsche,we argue that egoism, charity, and pity displace altruistic, selfless gift-giving. To furtherlegitimize our analysis, we consider Derrida's semiotic deconstructionism and Lacan's psychoanalytic semiotics. Derrida points outhow gift-giving is an aporetic reality; that is,it represents an (im)possibility. Lacandemonstrates how the mirror stage of development givesrise to the self-other ego, in which the subjectis always and already divided. We subsequentlyexplain, therefore, how the gift of mental healthadvocacy must necessarily proceed, in part, from self-interests (i.e., egoism), making the virtuousact of mental health advocacy an (im)possibility.  相似文献   

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徐冬东 《政法学刊》2004,21(3):96-97
综合语篇分析模式是指将文体分析、语域分析、体裁分析综合运用于英语语篇教学的模式,将该模式应用于公安英语 口语教学将有利于培养学生在将来的公安工作中用英语办事的能力。  相似文献   

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The world studied by empirical criminal justice research is babble—a congeries of voices whose meanings represent many normative worlds. Our research designs provide a frame for the babble, and our statistics codify and simplify it. We provide analytic portraits of it and, using the substantive language of crime control, give those portraits meaning. Yet, those meanings are located in a crime control discourse that de-legitimizes and destroys those normative worlds. This paper, an interpretive montage, is a collection of fractured narratives assembled to show that interpretation has something to offer the way we think about knowledge production in the field of criminal justice. It is also a cautionary tale to students in criminal justice, to remember that our scientific abstractions are an abstraction from the underlying realities of human life, not a “deeper” or in some way more real understanding. Our aim is to move the babble—the humanity from which the voices emerge—back into the foreground of justice research.
John P. CrankEmail:
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The articles in the present special issue on the area of psychological injury and law broaden understanding of the area by considering topics outside the range of the seven major areas that mark the field. In the articles in this special issue, common themes include: (a) having comprehensive, recent literature reviews, (b) presentation of models related to psychological injury and law in which existing models are integrated, (c) integration of biopsychological and forensic perspectives, and (d) consideration of development or change processes, and examination of causality. (e) All the articles discuss possible improvements to the DSM-IV; for example, there should be a separate, sixth axis pertaining to causality.  相似文献   

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The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established by the UN Security Council in 1993 to prosecute persons responsible for war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia during the Balkan wars. As the first international war crimes tribunal since the Nuremburg and Tokyo tribunals set up after WWII, the ICTY has attracted immense interest among legal scholars since its inception, but has failed to garner the same level of attention from researchers in other disciplines, notably linguistics. This represents a significant research gap, as the Tribunal’s public discourse (notably its case law and Annual Reports) can open up interesting avenues of analysis to researchers of law, language, and legal discourse alike. On its official website, the Tribunal claims that it has “irreversibly changed the landscape of international humanitarian law” and lists six specific achievements: “Holding leaders accountable; bringing justice to victims; giving victims a voice; establishing the facts; developing international law and strengthening the rule of the law”. While a number of legal scholars have studied and critiqued the level of ‘achievement’ actually attained by the Tribunal against these metrics and others, of interest to linguists is the ways in which this work might be conveyed discursively. In this paper, we demonstrate how methods from the linguistic field of corpus-based critical discourse analysis can be utilised to explore the discursive construction of such achievements in the language of the ICTY.  相似文献   

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This paper examines stress and coping from the perspective of psychological injury, which concerns injuries attributed to an event at claim. The paper explores current conceptualizations of stress and coping and includes discussion of resilience. In particular, the paper focuses on biopsychosocial approaches, given their relevance to the area of psychological in jury and law. The paper presents a model of coping that integrates biopsychosocial and forensic aspects. As part of the model, the author develops the concept of forensic appraisals, which are particular to the area of psychological injury and law. The paper discusses implications for practice and assessment.  相似文献   

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