Connecting consumer choice to the healthcare system

American healthcare needs to be reformed into competing, efficient, comprehensive care systems. To get there from here, we need a health insurance market in which each person or household has a wide, responsible, informed, individual multiple choice of health care financing and delivery plans. The point of this is competing delivery systems, not just competing carriers. To compete, some carriers will create or contract with selective delivery systems or doctors selected for their quality and cost-effectiveness. Others will already be teamed up with large multispecialty group practices. On the other hand, high deductible plans will not help us get to a reformed delivery system.     

The measurement of concern about victims: Empathy,victim advocacy and the Victim Concern Scale (VCS)

Purpose . In a series of studies, the authors developed the Victim Concern Scale (VCS) to assess levels of concern for diverse types of crime victims. The goal was to derive a psychometrically sound instrument and to assess victim concern in relation to other crime‐related attitudes and victim advocacy endorsements. Methods . Through several scale iterations, participant responses to the VCS were examined. Participants also completed measures of empathy and provided judgments about specific victim/crime scenarios. In addition, in two large samples (college [N = 276] and community [N = 478]), victim concern was compared with other attitudes, attributions and participant demographics. Results . Participants readily distinguished among different victims. Four factors emerged from the VCS. Raters endorsed the highest levels of concern for victims of violent crimes and the lowest level for ‘culpable’ victims. Women and older respondents showed higher levels of concern across all categories of victims. Both victim concern and emotional empathy influenced advocacy responses to victimization. Victim concern was unrelated to such traits and attitudes as authoritarianism, political ideology or punishment goals; moreover, a high level of concern for victims did not preclude endorsement of rehabilitative goals for offenders. Conclusions . The VCS appears to be a valid instrument for assessing levels of concern for victims. It differs meaningfully from measures of general empathy. The VCS could be used to assess differential attitudes across demographic groups or as a measure of change following exposure to educational or other persuasive intervention.     

Sociolegal change in consumer fraud: From victim-offender interactions to global networks

Advances in technology have transformed fraud against consumers from face-to-face, victim-offender interactions to a crime that now transcends international boundaries. Although consumer protection issues have been of interest to investigative journalists and literary scholars for centuries, the topic has only recently been subject to serious criminological inquiry. Employing the American consumer protection movement as an historical framework, we examine the evolution of consumer fraud. Our review documents that progressive social and legal changes in consumer protection and corporate regulation, as well as developments in criminological research, correspond to prominent literary exposés of the time. In today's technological age, such a reactive response to consumer fraud is neither efficient nor effective. Contemporary criminologists need to simultaneously address the questions of ‘how’ fraud is perpetrated and ‘why’ it occurs. Toward this end, we identify methodological strategies and data sources to promote empirical and theoretical understanding of consumer fraud, and to ultimately contribute to multi-national crime control policy.     

农村城市化的历史思考

农村城市化是解决“三农”问题的重要途径,新中国建国以来,在几代领导人的带领下,为实现这一目标进行了艰辛的探索。但是,他们所进行的努力不都是成功的,由于各种因素的影响,在制度创立、户籍管理、土地征用等方面留下不少难题。为实现中国全面小康,在城市化进程中,迫切需要制度创新,完善法制,依法治理。     

行政立法的经济分析

本文从辨析行政立法效率与效益的概念出发,借鉴了当代国家行政立法经济分析的实践经验,试图从"成本--效益"的角度寻求实现行政立法效益的最大化,并结合社会主义市场经济的要求与新颁布的<立法法>,提出了相应的思路与措施依靠市场自我调节,节制行政法规的干预;多行间接诱导,少作硬性规定;健全行政立法过程公开、参与制度,重视经济专家的作用.     

完善我国行政强制措施立法的基本构想

行政强制是行政管理活动中经常使用的一种方式。然而,对它的理论研究目前尚有不足,立法更是存在明显缺陷。这些不足和缺陷已大大影响了行政执法活动的正常进行和对行政相对人合法权益的保护。本文旨在通过对行政强制措施功能、特征的分析加深对行政强制措施的理性认识,并在分析当前行政强制措施立法缺陷的基础上,提出完善我国行政强制措施立法的基本构想。     

程序公正的价值研究

长期以来,无论在理论界,还是在立法和司法实践中,程序法被看作仅仅是实施实体法的手段和工具,导致重实体、轻程序观念的广泛盛行,使程序法律制度受到破坏。本文通过对程序公正的内在价值和外在价值的探讨和研究,阐述了程序公正在当今建设法治国家中的作用是极为重要的,必须树立程序公正和实体公正并重的观念。     

Why is there a tendency to excess demand in consumer goods markets in planned economies?

In recent discussion of the transition from a planned to a market economy it has been suggested that the queuing costs associated with excess demand represent a deadweight welfare loss. A simple model of the planned economy is developed and used to explain why the planners might choose to permit some degree of excess demand in spite of this deadweight loss.     

Expanding a community's justice response to sex crimes through advocacy, prosecutorial, and public health collaboration: introducing the RESTORE program

Problems in criminal justice system response to date-acquaintance rape and nonpenetration sexual offenses include (a) they are markers of a sexual offending career, yet are viewed as minor; (b) perpetrators are not held accountable in ways that reduce reoffense; and (c) criminal justice response disappoints and traumatizes victims. To address these problems, a collaboration of victim services, prosecutors, legal scholars, and public health professionals are implementing and evaluating RESTORE, a victim-driven, community-based restorative justice program for selected sex crimes. RESTORE prepares survivors, responsible persons (offenders), and both parties' families and friends for face-to-face dialogue to identify the harm and develop a redress plan. The program then monitors the offender's compliance for 12 months. The article summarizes empirical data on problems in criminal justice response, defines restorative justice models, and examines outcome. Then the RESTORE program processes and goals are described. The article highlights community collaboration in building and sustaining this program.     

试论诱惑侦查

现代社会在各种高度的隐蔽性、组织性、复杂化以及高超的反侦查手段等无被害人犯罪日益增多的情况下,对传统的侦查方法提出了巨大的挑战。诱惑侦查作为一种特殊的侦查方法以对付那些使用传统的侦查手段已无法或难以侦破的犯罪案件,其作用显得尤为突出。本文试从诱惑侦查的有关问题出发,对其进行分析。     

批判的学问——《关于惩罚的哲学——刑罚根据论》前言

学术需要批判。学术批判是一种极其严肃的事业、一种建设性的事业与一种承先启后的事业。