中德刑事侦查制度若干基本问题之比较

中德两国在刑事侦查组织制度、程序制度、人事制度等多方面都有明显的差异,这是由两国的政治制度、法律制度以及司法传统等多种因素影响的结果。加强中德两国刑事侦查制度的比较研究,分析两国刑事侦查制度的异同,借鉴德国的有益经验,对于改进和完善我国的刑事侦查制度有着重要意义。     

Comparative Social Security: The Challenge of Evaluation

There has been dramatic global expansion in the national provision of social security programs throughout the twentieth century. This has provided very fertile ground for the comparative analysis of social security programs and systems over the last forty-five years. Most comparative studies, however, have, been content to describe and compare strategies, programs, institutions and values at the multinational or regional levels. There has been considerable reluctance either to engage in global studies or to embark on comparative-evaluative studies. This paper seeks to fill this gap by providing a framework for an evaluation methodology that permits the global ranking of social security systems and programs.     

社会保障水平与经济发展的适应性关系研究

在对社会保障水平发展系数诠释的基础上,对社会保障水平增长与经济发展之间的适应性关系进行了实证研究,认为在社会保障制度发展初期,社会保障水平增长普遍慢于经济的增长,社会保障能充分发挥其基本功能;在社会保障制度的高度发达乃至危机时期,社会保障水平增长普遍快于经济的增长,而社会保障水平增长过度会产生不良的社会经济影响;在社会保障制度改革时期,社会保障水平增长回落,又恢复到与经济发展的适应性状态。近年来,我国城市社会保障水平增长同经济增长基本适应,而农村社会保障水平增长波动性较大,与经济发展不相适应,主要是因为农村社会保障缺乏稳定的制度安排。当前我国社会保障制度发展的重点应是:一方面加强对城市社会保障水平增长的适度控制;另一方面加快农村社会保障制度建设的步伐。     

Varieties of Social Policy by Other Means: Lessons for Comparative Welfare State Research

Abstract

Scholars can take a broader look at social policy and understand that traditional public welfare state programs are only one of the many potential sources of social protection and regulation. The contributions of this special issue invite social policy scholars to explore policy instruments that provide “social policy by other means” across a wide array of areas, including agriculture, energy, immigration, taxation, and legal regulation of private benefits and services. The article provides a concise overview of some of the key theoretical and empirical implications of social policy by other means for comparative welfare state research. In order to do this, it is divided into two main sections, which respectively discuss the nature and boundaries of social policy and the varieties of social policy by other means. This is followed by a short conclusion, which summarizes the key lessons of this special issue for comparative welfare state research.     

The Welfare Conventions Approach: A Comparative Perspective on Social Impact Bonds

Abstract

The Social Impact Bond (SIB) is a new funding mechanism for welfare programs. It is supposed to create savings for the public sector from which private returns can be deducted. Presented as a purely technical solution, SIBs discard their political morality. The Welfare Convention Approach (WCA) is designed for studying SIBs as disputed and versatile welfare apparatuses. It is claimed that elements from diverse historical welfare conventions (the philanthropic, communitarian, civic, market, full employment, entrepreneurial, financial, and behavioral) reveal the diverse institutional conflicts and compromises of SIBs at the time they are implemented. In so doing, the WCA informs comparative research on SIBs.     

中西方公务员制度比较研究

中国公务员制度的建立是我国干部人事管理制度改革的重要成果,既继承和发扬了我国干部和人事工作的优良传统,总结和完善了改革开放以来干部人事制度改革的新鲜经验,又吸收和借鉴了西方国家文官制度的有益做法,已在现阶段形成了中国特色.本文试从中西方公务员范围的界定到公务员制度的特征差异展开对比分析,并对其发展趋势作了一些探讨.     

中国社会保障法律体系的构想

分析了中国社会保障体系的立法背景,根据法律体系构建原理描述了中国社会保障的法律体系结构,指出我国社会保障体系应由政策优先向法律优先转移。从概念研究入手,立足于国际经验比较分析,根据中国宪法原则,提出了关于中国保障法律体系内容和结构的初步设想。     

宁夏城乡二元社会保障法律制度的现状与问题分析

中国的二元经济结构,导致了包括宁夏在内全国实行城乡二元社会保障法律体系。目前,宁夏农村社会保障体系建设仍然滞后于城镇社会保险体系。农村居民的社会保障水平不高。宁夏城镇居民的社会保险、社会救济、社会福利和社会优抚安置已经建立了相对完善的体制和制度。可是在农村,上述基本社会保障体制和制度仍在积极探索和完善中,城乡社会保障工作还存在相当大的差距。     

科研项目诚信保证金制度建设之构想

诚信保证金制度旨在通过科研主体的自我承诺和第三人监督,从制度、道德、文化多个层面来强化科研主体的责任感,净化科研群体的纯洁度,全面构建科研诚信体系,塑造公平、有序、良好的科研环境。作为承诺制度的重要组成部分,科研项目诚信保证金制度有明确的经济鼓励和惩罚作用,也对科研诚信信息体系提供了科研诚信行为的基本素材。诚信保证金可以设立两种管理模式,一是遵循我国目前科研经费管理模式不变,仍然由科研项目管理机构在科研项目的经费中专设一定比例的保证金,专项管理。二是在科研项目管理机构外设置科研诚信审查机构。