入世与我国知识产权法律制度的完善

加入WTO ,我国经济体制和经济规则都面临重大的改革和调整 ,知识产权作为利益机制 ,全面履行与贸易有关的知识产权制度也不可避免地面临挑战 ,因此 ,完善我国知识产权法律制度 ,是我国知识产权法律制度适应WTO的必然选择。     

加入WTO对我国行政管理与行政诉讼制度的影响与挑战

加入WTO对当前政府管理职能的转变提出了新的课题,对我国的行政管理制度提出了挑战,而行政管理制度的改革与完善,又必将对法院的行政审判或司法审查制度产生一定的影响。 一、从WTO规则与原则体系对我国行政管理制度的变革要求看行政诉讼和审判(或司法审查)面临的新任务 随着我国加入WTO进程的加快,人们关注最多     

WTO与我国保险刑法制度的改革

加入WTO后 ,我国的保险刑法制度面临严峻的挑战。我国现行的保险犯罪立法存在较大的缺陷 :保险诈骗罪范围过于狭窄 ,该设立罪名的保险犯罪未设立 ,不该专门设立保险犯罪的行为却设置独立的罪名。在已加入WTO的背景下 ,我国保险刑法制度须进行相应的改革。     

入世与我国司法审查制度的重新定位

中国加入WTO以后，法律制度上面临最大挑战之一将是司法审查制度。我国行政诉讼法与WTO中司法审查制度有许多一致的地方，同时也存在不少差距和问题。我国加入WTO意味着我国必须按照自己的承诺接受WTO的一系列规则，适应WTO的规则。《中国入世议定书》第2条(D)段对司法审查作出了下列承诺：1．我国承诺的司法     

挑战与回应——WTO与中国民商法

WTO蕴涵的精神与民商法的理念基本一致。我国加入WTO后 ,必须遵守和执行WTO协议及规则 ,这将会推进民商法理念在中国的复兴。以经济全球化为基石的WTO规则对我国民商法的主体制度、物权制度、交易规则、责任体系等方面提出了严峻挑战 ,我们对此的回应为树立防范性、开放性的立法理念 ,修改、制定相应的民法典、知识产权法、商法、电子商务法等法律法规。     

我国行政复议制度的司法化改革思路

我国现行行政复议制度对于保障公民合法权益、监督行政机关依法行政发挥了积极作用,但在实践中也暴露出诸多缺陷,例如行政复议机构缺乏独立性、复议程序缺乏公正性、行政复议范围过于狭窄、行政复议管辖体制不畅等。为应对我国加入WTO后的新形势、探索我国行政复议制度的改革之道,中国社会科学院法学所行政复议制度司法化研究课题组。《法学研究》编辑部和《经济观察报》2003年9月在北京联合召开了“加入WTO的中国行政复议制度:挑战、机遇与改革研讨会”,理论与实务界七十多位专家参加了研讨。以下是研讨会部分论文的摘要。     

贸易自由化、WTO与我国经济法

WTO是迄今为止最为全面的对国际经济进行规范的国际经济法律,它是在原先的GATT的基础上产生和形成的.WTO以贸易自由化为基本宗旨,其主要功能是限制各成员国和政府的作用而通过市场的作用来促进成员国经济的发展.作为国际经济法律的WTO存在着许多不足,这是我国在即将加入这个体系时应当注意的.加入WTO对我国而言是机遇和挑战并存,它对我国市场化改革的促进作用是不可低估的.     

对反倾销措施的司法审查制度

加入WTO后,我国国内法律制度将面临极大的挑战。我国正在按照中国入世议定书的承诺和建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求,对与WTO规则不符的现行涉外经济法律、法规进行全面清理、修改和补充。与此同时,司法机关在适用法律、司法审查等方面也将遇到许多困难。从WTO规则的内容看,绝大多数条款是针对政府行为,以成员方     

实施消防产品型式认可制度存在的问题及对策

随着社会主义经济体制的不断深化和我国加入WTO后消防产业面临的机遇与挑战，我国改革了原有的消防产品管理模式，全面推行实施了消防产品型式认可制度，笔者就这一制度实施过程中存在的问题及今后工作应采取的对策，提出一些个人意见。     

中国法律援助制度的现状及其完善

加入WTO使我国刚刚起步的法律援助事业面临更大的挑战,要将中国法律援助制度构建成为既 能适应WTO规则的要求,又切合我国的国情实际的人权法律保障制度,应将法律援助经费纳入 政府的财政预算,建立法律援助公职律师制度,并通过制定统一的《法律援助法》对法律援助的相 关问题予以明确。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.