《红字》的复调性

运用叙事学理论和复调小说理论,对霍桑<红字>的矛盾性进行分析,可以发现这部作品存在多种声音的叙述:第一,叙述者的声音;第二,隐含作者的"声音";第三,小说中海丝特·白兰、丁梅斯代尔、齐灵窝斯三位主人公声音的在场.由于多种声音的出现,读者在解读作品时能真切体会到作者的思想及<红字>中存在的矛盾性.     

试析中小城市仲裁发展工作的思路和措施

中小城市仲裁工作是一个很容易被人们忽略的角落。笔者以自己的经验和思考,总结出了在中小城市发展仲裁事业的全局思路和具体应该采取的措施,为我国中小城市的仲裁事业发展提供了有益的借鉴。     

对附随义务的界定

附随义务的本质不在于是否由法律规定或合同约定,而在于它是诚实信用原则的派生和发展。     

民事主体价值论

民事主体在不同的发展阶段表现出其个性化的价值特点,对这些个性化的价值进行分析可以找出民事主体整体的价值定位。民事主体除了对社会和个人的价值之外,还应注意到它作为一种制度在整个民法体例构建中所起的作用,即民事主体的体系价值。     

行政指导新论

作为一类非强制性的行政作用,行政指导不仅能够与传统的依法行政理念相契合,而且其存在本身即预示着传统行政模式的转型。我国当下应谨慎地实施行政指导,并以过程的公开化、内容的科学化以及救济的类型化为基点,逐步将行政指导纳入法治化的轨道。     

和谐社会观与依法治国

和谐社会观与依法治国在以人为本、维护人性尊严等方面存在着内在的联系。按照和谐社会观的要求进行系统的法治建设,是目前我国依法治国中面临的一个重要任务。     

关于加强海洋安全和海洋权益保护的思考

海洋因有丰富的资源、能源,使其在我们的生活中占有越来越重要的地位,海洋安全也成为国家安全的重要组成部分。因此,采取相应的措施完善海洋安全保护的立法,加大海洋军事的投入,建立海上应急机制,成立独立的国家海洋管理机构,建立信息化的监测系统,加强国际合作,继续发挥合作等和平手段解决争端,保证我国的海洋安全,维护我国的海洋权益是十分紧迫的任务。     

行政机关败诉的客观原因法律分析

在行政诉讼中,行政机关败诉的客观原因是指行政机关因为自身所作行为在客观上存在错误而导致最终败诉的情况。主要包括因证据不足、程序违法、适用法律不当、超越职权、滥用职权等五方面,对以上原因进行法律分析,有助于更好的依法行政。     

The Law of Nations in The Federalist Papers

This article explores the influence of prevailing legal and political theories of inter-state relations on the formation of early American constitutional thought. Emphasis is placed on the manner in which the authors of The Federalist Papers built a legal argument against the Articles of Confederation and for the Constitution of 1786 by invoking principles of treaty law and the law of nations. It is argued that the Articles themselves resembled contemporary international treaties in format and in force. The Federalist's reliance upon such authors as Grotius, Locke, Montesquieu, and Vattel is examined in this light.     

论亚控制领域中行政主体的作为向度

亚控制领域是行政主体与行政客体在行政行为实施过程中所呈现的跟主体的希望与设想不完全一致甚至相连背的区域。也就是说因为主体自身因素和客体的特点影响而导致的行政设想与愿望与行政实施与操作之间的差异关系。分析亚控制领域的特点以及探析在亚控制领域中行政主体的行政作为向度，不仅有利于提高行政效能，有利于行政体制改革目标不断向构建服务型政府和有限政府目标迈进,而且有利于当前深入贯彻落实党的十七大精神和构建和谐社会中的管理和谐与心态和谐。     

论公安机关的行政调解制度

在我国,公安行政调解制度具有文化和实践的合理性,同时我国相关的法律、法规也赋予其合法性,因此,公安行政调解制度是我国纠纷解决机制的重要一环。但是其在实践运行中却存在着种种缺陷,为了发挥行政调解解决民事纠纷的优势,实现其价值。我们应在调解原则、调解范围、调解程序、调解效力及法律监督等方面进一步完善公安行政调解制度,提高公安机关行政调解的能力,以促进社会纠纷的解决,和谐社会的实现。     

The difference

Growing up in the 1960s and 1970s meant living in a time of turbulence and change. The music, literature, and films, combined with the passionate activism of the era, profoundly influenced people in my generation. My working class family struggled to raise a family and make a decent living, instilling values of social justice along the way. I knew from an early age that I wanted to make a difference, but had many internal conflicts to resolve before I could effect change. An education in sociology taught me what was wrong in the world and law school gave me the tools I needed to effect change. Working in the court system and with students has made a difference, one person at a time.     

对我国刑事审判中法官和当事人地位的反思

法官和当事人在刑事审判中的地位是划分不同的刑事审判模式的关键性因素。当事人在刑事审判中具有较高的诉讼地位是保护当事人合法权益的重要前提。为了进一步保护当事人的合法权益,必须规范法官在审判中的行为,并提高刑事诉讼的当事人在我国的刑事审判中的诉讼地位。     

心脏神经病

目的 研究心源性猝死的病理形态学。方法 用本组建立的CCS检查法对179例心源性猝死者作常规CCS组织学检查。结果 发现8例心脏神经或神经节内有出血、炎症或肿瘤浸润,伴神经组织水肿、变性、坏死,而其他病变不足以解释猝死。结论 一切原发或继发性心脏神经病均可致猝死。     

环境公平应成为农村环境保护法的基本理念

环境公平已成为我国城乡协调发展中一个严肃而不可回避的问题。本文从环境公平的定义出发,针对城乡环境不公的严峻现实,提出环境公平应成为农村环境保护法的基本理念。     

The future of technological law: The machine state

Advances in technology will challenge and change the current manner in which legal regulation occurs. It has always been possible to describe governance and law as a form of technology in itself, but the growth of digital technologies provides a new means by which to regulate the population. This article posits the theory that the inherent characteristics of technology will become inherent within the digitisation of law. As law becomes an increasingly digital entity, it will become more concerned with perfect reproduction of law upon the person, and so more encompassing in its scope. In addition, the increasing use of digital technologies in augmented reality, in 3D and 4D printing both in solid and biological matter, poses a fundamental change in the regulatory relationship between the State and the individual – a challenge the State will need to address.     

跨界损害责任制度的新发展

跨界损害责任是国际责任制度的一个重要问题。2001年《关于预防危险活动的跨界损害的条款草案》和2006年《关于危险活动造成的跨界损害案件中损失分担的原则草案》两个文件标志着联合国国际法委员会的这一编纂工作告一段落。该种责任与传统国家责任之间的关系、两个草案的性质、主要内容及存在的问题,以及其对国际法中责任制度的影响值得探讨和分析。     

The Ideologies of Mediation: The Movement's Own Story

This paper has three aims. First, it describes the ideologies of six organizations that have been and continue to be prominent in the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) movement in the United States. These organizations all feature the use of mediation as a central component of their work and as a solution to larger social problems.
Second, it elaborates some points of similarity and difference in these ideologies in light of a debate that emerged in the late 1970's between "community" and "agency" models of mediation, that is, between programs that chose to closely affiliate with the formal justice system and those that chose not to. Several years after the start of this debate, we believe there are important points of convergence and divergence that have not received enough attention by those who advocate for or against alternative dispute processing.
Finally, the authors wish to use the opportunity this study provides to speculate more openly on the contemporary meaning of legal informalism and the ways in which formal and informal legal structures now seem to be linked.     

The Trap

A professor is brought before a secret tribunalin his law faculty for the purpose of decidingthe appropriateness of a student's grade. Thegrounds of the grade appeal are that theprofessor had taught critically instead ofpractically and that he had done so with anacademic bias and prejudice. He is also allegedto have taught philosophy rather than law. After many hours of examination andcross-examination as a defendant and as anexpert witness, the professor, Flink, begins adialogue with a spirit in an effort tounderstand the nature and identity of law. Flink comes to appreciate that law is adisplacing discourse rather than a structure ofcategories signified in an official writing. The analytic method familiar to officials incommon law jurisdictions, Flink comes tounderstand, excludes the experiential meaningsthat are manifested through unwritten gesturesand rituals. Officials embody signs withexperiential expectations and past assumptions.The embodiment of meaning brings life intolegal language. But such an embodiment isforgotten as officials decompose textualfragments and reported social events intoanalytic units. Legal analysis is so successfulthat officials even forget that they hadforgotten something so important as theembodiment of meaning.The professor and the spirit also ask whetherjustice is an `ought' and where one can locatesuch an `ought'. They conclude that there is astructure within which legal officials reason.The exteriority of the structure is anunwritten `ought' realm. But the structurepossesses a gap, which enters into such anunanalysable object-less realm. Analyticreasoning has assumed that reason can take anofficial only so far until she or he mustjourney outside the structure to anunanalysable realm of personal values. However, the embodiment of meanings alsoincorporates unwritten collective values ofwhich officials, precisely because of thesuccess of the analysis project in forgettingthat something was forgotten, have never beenconscious. It is such an unanalysable realmthat grounds or authorises the analyticproject. The exterior authorising origin of theanalytic units of the structure rests upon apossibility that requires faith on the part ofthe officials, a faith that there exists afoundation, radically different from theanalytic units, on the other side of thestructure. The officials can, at best, imagineor picture the authorising origin, located asit is in the unanalysable object-less realmexterior to the written language of thestructure. The imagined origin takes the `form'of a bodiless spirit. The officials (and theprofessor and spirit) are haunted by thepossibility that the structure of humanlyposited rules are ultimately authorised by aspirit.     

曲谱中的《牡丹亭》

曲谱中对《牡丹亭》的改动,是从音乐入手,改调就词.随着戏曲音乐的发展,订谱技艺的提高,《牡丹亭》拥有了自己独立完备的音乐体制,显示出在舞台搬演中的生命力.嗣后,再没有人去走改词就调的老路,《牡丹亭》的失律却恰恰给曲师们提供了驰骋技艺的广阔天地.在中国戏曲由文学时代向演技时代的转移中,《牡丹亭》能以本来的面貌参与竞争,并焕发出新的光彩,曲谱的支撑作用不容忽视.