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“现代中国公共行政的伦理构建”课题组 《行政与法》2004,(12)
行政伦理体系由行政道德原则、行政道德规范、行政道德范畴构成。行政道德原则是行政伦理准则体系中最高层次的道德原则,即各种准则的最基本的指导原则,它指明行政伦理行为的总方向,具有广泛的指导性和制约力。 相似文献
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论社会救助立法的伦理基础 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国正在努力建构一个具有中国特色的社会救助法律体系,这就需要我们为其寻找深厚的道德根基.国家伦理是一个国家作为主体所具有的道德性,具有对内和对外两个维度.国家伦理为社会救助立法提供了正当性的支持,是社会救助法律制度的道德基础;而社会救助立法又是国家伦理的现实转化途径,体现了国家伦理中的国家之爱.我们应当以国家伦理为道德支撑,确立社会救助立法的基本原则,即以国家之爱为核心,体现平等尊重和人道关怀的救助原则. 相似文献
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公益伦理的价值在于能增进人民的福祉,推动人类社会的可持续发展.基于公益救助的视角,遵循公益伦理的价值取向,同样能够深入公益伦理的核心.当前,我国公益救助面临诸多困境,正视这些困境,能深刻领会公益伦理应有的普世价值.实现现阶段公益伦理的应有价值,仅依靠道德自觉难以解决,必需借助法律维护的手段,以期最终实现道德自觉下的公益伦理. 相似文献
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"道德银行"是近年来推出的旨在推进公民道德建设的一种创新式的方式,其伦理实质是用一种功利化的方式推进美德建设."道德银行"的实施存在着理论与实践上的双重困境:在理论上,"道德银行"与美德存在着内在的冲突;在实践中,"道德银行"容易产生伪善."道德银行"所产生的困境给我们的主要启示是:道德建设应合理地明晰道德的层次,结合道德自身的特点;道德建设尤其是美德建设不能采用功利化的推行手段;应在充分考量现实道德生活环境的基础上合理地运用不同的伦理理论. 相似文献
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作为法律人共同体的构成条件之一,法律职业伦理具有非常重要的地位。传统的法律伦理的基本立场,是围绕客户利益展开的"标准概念"。但是,由于标准概念本身存在着工具性与家长主义的内在矛盾,所以它经常会面对两种反对意见:其一是认为职业伦理应当要求法律人是个好人的"日常道德"立场,其二是认为法律人应当对整个法律实践的道德吸引力负责的"政治道德追问"立场。经过对"为什么要有法律职业伦理"与"司法的三重功能"等根本问题的讨论,法律职业伦理的政治道德立场具有明显的论证优势,所以法律人所负担的职业伦理是:他们应当对整个法律实践的道德吸引力负责。 相似文献
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江国华 《华东政法大学学报》2003,(6):12-19
道德是宪法的价值基础。作为一般性的普遍规则,宪法必须遵循最低限度的道德法则,这些法则构成宪法的合法性标准。宪法的道德价值不可避免地与理性价值相结合,宪法的道德思维是助就这种结合的内在因素。作为规则,宪法必须被解读,任何宪法的解读都是人的解读,因而都是道德的解读,因为人都是道德的人。 相似文献
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转型期的中国社会出现了"道德滑坡"现象。在以家庭美德为基础的传统社会道德体系逐渐解体的背景下,需要构建现代社会道德体系,需要顺应中国社会的转型推动道德转型。相较于传统社会道德体系以家庭美德为基础而言,现代社会道德体系的基础则是职业道德。职业道德是提升全民道德水平的支点,在这个过程中,政府及公职人员应从态度、行动和形象上转变角色,积极构建现代社会道德体系。 相似文献
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Ethical judgments are often egocentrically biased, such that moral reasoners tend to conclude that self-interested outcomes are not only desirable but morally justifiable. Although such egocentric ethics can arise from deliberate self-interested reasoning, we suggest that they may also arise through unconscious and automatic psychological mechanisms. People automatically interpret their perceptions egocentrically, automatically evaluate stimuli on a semantic differential as positive or negative, and base their moral judgments on affective reactions to stimuli. These three automatic and unconscious features of human judgment can help to explain not only why ethical judgments are egocentrically biased, but also why such subjective perceptions can appear objective and unbiased to moral reasoners themselves. 相似文献
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学术瑕疵类、学术垄断类失范行为之所以普遍存在,与科技伦理教育观密切相关。当前,我国的科技伦理教育主要存在法治意识淡薄,忽视培养具有法治思维的科技伦理专业人才,以及缺乏法治化制度保障等问题。然而,法治思维作为社会治理的核心思维,具有将其引入科技伦理教育的必要性和可行性。为实现规制学术道德失范行为以净化科技伦理生态的道德理想,需要在科技伦理教育的过程中中融入法治思维并凸显法治作用,从而构筑起坚不可摧的法治屏障。所以,法治思维视域下科技伦理教育观的完善应从德法并重,严重的学术道德失范行为应以法律规制为主,且科技伦理教育中亟待重视法治思维的培育等方面着力;法治思维视域下,高等院校与科研机构对于科研人员科技伦理教育观的培育应从增设科技法和知识产权法课程,强化警示教育,且在对于学术道德失范行为的学术研究和立法规制等方面努力。 相似文献
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José Manuel Barreto 《Law and Critique》2006,17(1):73-106
This article considers in a different light the relationship between legal theory and ethics by means of an interpretation
of the thought of Adorno and Horkheimer, and of the writings of Richard Rorty, as two moments of a marginal stream of ethics
of passions that runs beneath the history of rationalist Western philosophy. It departs from the critique of Modernity as
a dialectic of barbarism and civilisation, and from a genealogy of Auschwitz that finds its antecedents in Kantian morality.
It also characterises modern culture as one of apathy and bourgeois stoicism, and establishes a link between the cold modern
ethos and the dynamics of Nazi hardness. The article turns then to a consideration of some of the responses to the comprehensive
crisis of Modernity: the imperative ‘Auschwitz never again’, Adorno’s ‘general enlightenment’ and Horkheimer’s ethics of sympathy.
Finally it reflects upon Rorty’s proposal of sentimental education as an effective strategy to foster a human rights culture
in Postmodernity, with the aim of bridging the tradition of moral sentiments and contemporary struggles for human rights.
I am very grateful to Costas Douzinas, Sonia Romero, Shaun Haselhurst, David-Alexander Smith, José Bellido and the two anonymous
referees for their comments, and to Alexander García-Düttman for his suggestions. This text is dedicated to Paul Gready. 相似文献
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The use of Leventhal's procedural justice rules in moral judgments was examined (1) in the match examples of the Colby and Kohlberg moral judgment interview manual (Study 1), (2) in hypothetical dilemmas given to a sample of 41 participants in professional ethics classes, and (3) in the real-life moral dilemmas produced by this sample (Study 2). Consistent support was found for the hypothesis that bias suppression is used more frequently at the higher moral reasoning stages. A higher number of justice rules were employed in solving a real-life than hypothetical moral problem, and most procedural justice rules were used more frequently in the real-life dilemma. 相似文献
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Julian Webb 《Journal of law and society》1998,25(1):134-150
The Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education andConduct (ACLEC) has called for the reconstruction of the ethicalfoundations of legal education. However, it has not justified its premisethat teaching legal values at the initial stage will enhance professionallegal ethics. It is argued that the present system of education, given itstechnocratic, individualistic, and authoritarian tendencies, cannot meetACLEC's challenge. A more ethical legal education can be envisagedwithin a neo-Aristotelian framework. This perspective emphasizes thereflexivity between micro and macro ethics, and utilizes the active andparticipatory learning approaches which should enable students to engagein meaningful moral discourse and problem solving. 相似文献
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目前,我国面临的医德危机是非常严重的。如何解决这一危机就成了一个不容回避的重大课题,不少学者提出要用传统医德来规范医务人员,并以此作为解决该危机的良方。然而,这种以人格伦理为特质的传统医德尽管有其一定的合理性,但其在实践中的有效性却受到了人们的质疑。本文试图从传统医德自身的局限性、医务人员利益意识的觉醒以及因社会失范而导致的越轨三个方面来分析我国医德危机产生的根源,并为此提出了三条对策。 相似文献
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中华民族具有将自然伦理化的独特文化魅力.原始先民"万物有灵"的自然观到商周时代发展为"天人合一"的自然观,人们认为自然界有着与人的伦理道德同构相通的特性,形成了以自然之物比君子之德的"比德"文化.从文艺发生学来看,只有随着人的主体性的逐步确认,人对自然的审美机制才能逐步形成并完善;而且"比德"文学并不是道德建设直接工具性、借用性、辅助性的文艺手法,而是一种审美活动和艺术创造. 相似文献