社会保险基金监管体系的形成与发展

社会保险基金监管是社会保险基金循环诸环节中至关重要的环节。研究社会保险基金监管体系的形成和类型,分析国外社会保险基金监管及其发展趋势,对加强社会保险基金监管,确保社会保险基金安全,实现社会保险基金运行诸环节的良性循环具有非常重要的指导意义。     

关于社保基金监管的若干思考

社会保险基金是整个社会保险制度的物质基础。社会保险基金监管是社会保险基金安全有效运行的重要保证。研究和探讨社会保险基金监管的基本理论,对指导和形成社会保险基金监管体系有着非常重要的意义。     

公益信托:社会保险基金运营管理的全新模式

加快完善与经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系,不断扩大社会保障的覆盖面,是关系国计民生的重大问题。然而在社会保障体系中发挥重要作用的社会保险基金,其运营管理存在很多问题,存在诸如管理体制不合理、理财技术经验不足、专业人才紧缺、资金使用效率低下、基金保值增值难以实现等问题。而将公益信托机制引入社会保险基金的运营管理中,可节约人力、物力,降低运营成本,降低经营风险,实现其保值增值,这不仅有助于减轻国家财政负担,而且有利于社会保险基金的长期规划和发展。公益信托应是社会保险基金经营管理的发展方向,是其全新的运营模式。     

社会保险基金监督若干问题研究——兼论社会保险法（草案）第十章的完善

社会保险基金监督问题涉及社会公共利益，日益受到全社会的关注。国家《社会保险法（草案）》中对社会保险基金监督做了专章规定。现行国家社会保险基金监督的相关规定，确立了以行政监督为主导的监督模式。实践中，一些地方通过立法或者制定文件，确立了以财政预决算、收支两条线等方式对社会保险基金进行监督。在总结实践的基础上，结合国家社会保险立法，应从三方面入手构建我国的社会保险监督体系。一是建立权力机关监督、行政机关监督与社会监督相结合的多个主体参与的社保基金监督体系。二是针对基金征缴、管理和支付各个环节，设置适当的责任主体和监督主体。三是理顺监督各主体的监督职能和监督方式。使各监督主体的职能相互衔接，在监督方式上科学有效。     

新常态下经济特区社会保险发展研究——基于五大经济特区比较的视角

深圳、厦门、珠海、汕头、海南等经济特区地处改革开放前沿,市场经济发达,公民权利意识较强,社会矛盾较为突出,对社保工作提出了更高要求。目前经济特区社会保险发展的基本状况是:覆盖面不断扩大,基金收支增幅较大,经济适应性普遍不强,待遇标准逐渐提高。新常态下,经济特区面临着农民工社会保险问题凸显、社会养老负担日益严重、社保基金支付压力不断增大、社会保险的法治化程度不高等现实困境。推进经济特区社会保险发展,要着力于以下几个方面:完善经济特区农民工社会保险制度,提高农民工社会保障水平;建立多支柱的养老保险制度,推动经济特区养老服务业发展;加强经济特区社保基金的运营管理,保障社保基金安全有效运营;完善经济特区社保政策法规体系,提升社会保险的法治化程度。     

工会参与社会保险基金监督管理存在的问题和对策建议

当前,我国参加各项社会保险的人数迅速增长,社会保险基金总量不断扩大,我们对此作了专项调研。2007年,五项社会保险基金收入合计10812亿元,基金支出合计7888亿元,累计结存8000多亿元。 从参与调研的各省的情况来看，均实现了社保基金收大于支、略有结余的目标。     

中国养老社会保险基金指数化策略分析

由于越来越多的养老基金发起人相信基金管理人不可能取得优于证券市场的表现,再加上他们对指数化策略在解决委托-代理等问题上的企盼,运用指数化策略进行管理的养老基金越来越多。在我国当前养老社会保险基金正准备入市的情况下,对养老基金运用指数化策略的基本原理、运作机制等进行了比较系统的阐述,得出了指数化策略可以作为中国养老社会保险基金的一种投资策略的结论,也许可以为有关决策者提供一点借鉴。     

和谐社会与社会保障

日前,在“和谐社会与社会保障”理论座谈会上。来自中央党校、国家发改委、中国社科院、北京大学、中国人民大学的专家学者围绕加快社会保障事业发展、构建社会主义和谐社会等问题进行了深入探讨。现将他们的主要观点概述如下。一、我国社会保障的实践呼唤理论创新 1．理论源于实践。改革开放20多年来，我国社会保障事业取得了巨大成就。这是我们开展理论研究丰富而生动的实践基础。经过不断探索和艰苦努力，我国已初步建立了与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的社会保障制度框架。社会保险覆盖范围不断扩大．社会保险基金快速增长，支撑能力显著增强，在确保各项社会保险待遇支付的同时，保障水平稳步提高。     

社会保险基金入市与国有股减持

社会保险基金进入证券市场是近期我国资本市场上讨论最多的话题。我国社保基金的建立与运作一开始就与国有股减持问题联系在一起。因而有必要对这个问题进行更深入的探讨。一、我国社会保险事业的发展进程社会保险是指已建立劳动法律关系的劳动者，因暂时或永久丧失劳动能力或劳动机会时，为保障其基本生活需要而依法强制实行的一种物质帮助制度。我国社会保险立法起步较晚，解放前的旧中国曾多次进行社会保险立法的尝试，但未能实现。新中国成立后，人民政府积极推行社会保险制度，在历次宪法中，都有这方面的规定。1951年，我国颁布了《中…     

推进财政体制改革提高社会保险统筹层次

提高社会保险的统筹层次涉及广大的城镇职工和农民(包括农民工)的利益调整问题。社会保险制度改革不仅要兼顾城镇职工中的“老人”、“中人”和“新人”的利益关系,而且还要统筹考虑农民(农民工)的社会保险问题。没有财政体制相应的配套改革,难以保证我国社会保障改革的顺利开展。     

National Provident Funds: The Challenge of Harmonizing Their Social Security, Social and Economic Objectives

This paper examines the national provident funds (NPFs) that operate in 23 developing countries which seek to provide their members with basic social security protection by means of compulsory savings (see Appendix). It explores how the juxtaposition of economic, social and social security objectives has made NPFs generally resilient to fundamental change and has, in some instances, resulted in the evolution of a social security hybrid—neither a pure compulsory savings scheme nor a social insurance system.     

宁夏城乡二元社会保障法律制度的现状与问题分析

中国的二元经济结构,导致了包括宁夏在内全国实行城乡二元社会保障法律体系。目前,宁夏农村社会保障体系建设仍然滞后于城镇社会保险体系。农村居民的社会保障水平不高。宁夏城镇居民的社会保险、社会救济、社会福利和社会优抚安置已经建立了相对完善的体制和制度。可是在农村,上述基本社会保障体制和制度仍在积极探索和完善中,城乡社会保障工作还存在相当大的差距。     

城市化进程中的反贫困:制度创新与法律保障

面对日益严峻的城市贫困问题,国家初步建立了涵括基本养老保险制度、城市居民最低生活保障制度等在内的城市反贫困制度法律体系。但是这一制度法律体系还不够系统完善,还存在城市反贫困主体单一、社会参与有限的问题,尚未建立系统完备、保障全面的社会保障制度和全国统一的城市反贫困法律体系。城市化进程中的主体贫困、制度贫困和法律贫困是致使产生城市贫困问题的重要原因。这就需要建立政府主导、社会共同参与的城市反贫困工作管理机制,解决反贫困制度建设滞后和立法不规范的问题,科学规划、统筹规范反贫困工作,形成以宪法为基本依据、以《反贫困法》为核心、以《社会保障法》等相关社会保障法律法规为支撑的反贫困法律体系,强化城市反贫困权利救济和责任追究制度,不断提升城市反贫困制度化、法治化进程。     

Worldwide trends and developments in social security, 1983-85

This article highlights the major developments and trends in social insurance programs that are presented in detail in the 1985 edition of Social Security Programs Throughout the World. The data in that reference book reflect the fact that as countries have adapted to the slow economic growth in recent years, increased emphasis has been placed on the cost effective use of social security funds. Some industrialized countries have restructured benefit provisions and reallocated resources among programs and beneficiaries to target benefits for specific groups. In the developing nations, the introduction of additional programs and expanded benefits continued on a limited scale amidst widespread concern about maintaining the real value of benefits after years of high inflation.     

The relationships between public and private pension schemes: an introductory overview

Only recently have social insurance and private pensions, collectively, come to be thought of in terms of a total social security benefit package. The economic problems brought on by the 1974 oil crisis initially triggered consideration of a common, integrated role for the two systems. The second oil crisis reinforced the relative expansion in private pension programs, as a supplement to social security. Before these events, private and public pension programs interacted in only a limited number of ways, confined to relatively few countries. These interactions were largely confined to collective bargaining, whereby private pensions were gradually extended to nearly all employees in France and Sweden; mandating, or legally requiring private supplementation of social security, debated in several countries in the early 1970's, but postponed by the 1974 oil crisis; and contracting out, or covering a part of the social security benefit under a private plan, as in the United Kingdom. Overall, the tradition of private pensions was not very strong or broadbased. The current debate centers on which public/private pension mix is desirable from the point of view of an old-age income-maintenance program. A new element is the rising support for a "third pillar"--individual tax-encouraged savings--not only as a supplement, but as an alternative to social insurance.     

Managed Liberalization of the Dutch Welfare State: A Review and Analysis of the Reform of the Dutch Social Security System, 1985–1998

In this article the changes that have been implemented in the Dutch social security system are analyzed. The extensive changes are characterized as a form of "managed liberalization." This characterization points to the paradoxical nature of these changes. On the one hand a certain liberalization can be observed (an increase of social insurance and the administration of social security via the market) while on the other hand the control of the system by the state is also increasing. This process of managed liberalization, however, takes place under an umbrella of lasting universal social protection: entitlements are still determined by law and remain collective. In this article the changes in the Dutch social security are described extensively, interpreted theoretically and analyzed in their consequences for the level of social protection. By following the process of institutional change the system of social security has undergone, the authors also try to find out what the causes of the changes are and what determines the direction the process has taken.     

构建中国的就业保障体系

本文提出,依据失业保障自身特点、保障目的、制度演变规律、现实状况和未来挑战等多因素,中国失业保障体系未来发展的目标是建立就业保障体系.从如何保障就业的角度出发,设想未来的就业保障体系由就业预备、就业预告和就业保险三部分组成.就业保障体系的建立需要科学的规划和系统的过程,具体可分为突出就业导向、完善就业制度和整体协调运转三个阶段.     

Mongrels or thoroughbreds: A cross-national look at social security systems

Abstract. This paper reviews the methodological issues raised by different commentators' attempts to categorise countries' social security systems into 'regime types' or 'models'. It is argued that there are two major problems with these categorisations: (1) the difficulty of finding empirical counterparts to the theoretical concepts used; (2) the complexity of actual social security systems, arising in particular from the diversity of benefits within each system. Despite these problems, we argue that it is possible to maintain a theoretically-informed approach to the comparative analysis of social security, by adopting a more flexible methodology. The approach presented in this paper identifies some of the main principles on which social security systems are based, specifies their empirical counterparts, and allows each national system to be analysed in terms of its particular conjunction or combination of principles.     

公务员参加养老保险统一改革的思路——“混合型”统账结合制度下的测算

中国当前的机关事业单位基本养老保险制度对保障退休人员待遇、稳定机关事业单位职工队伍、促进经济社会文化各项事业全面发展发挥了重要作用,但还存在很多问题,如单位保险的性质未变、碎片化倾向严重、政企待遇差过大、财政负担沉重等.提出了中国机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的基本思路和原则,即从新入职的人员开始,逐步把机关事业单位工作人员纳入全国统一的基本养老保险制度,在此基础上建立职业年金,以避免其待遇下降.最后,测算了改革和不改革情况下机关事业单位养老金支出对财政负担的不同影响.测算结果发现,虽然改革初期会增加财政负担,但是到2061年开始将会大大降低财政负担.