山羊血琼脂和血清琼脂培养细菌的效果试验

在兽医微生物检验用血液琼脂或血清琼脂培养基的制备中，多采用牛、马、绵羊或兔血。笔者曾用山羊血或血清琼脂培养基培养巴氏杆菌，取得了满意的培养效果。为了判定山羊血在培养基中的应用价值，又以大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和葡萄球菌为试验菌，进行了试验。１　试验材料１．１　试验菌　大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌，均由山东农业大学动物科技学院中心实验室提供。１．２　营养琼脂　上海试剂厂生产，批号９６０７０２；新鲜猪胃和鲜牛肉由茌平县肉联厂提供。１．３　羊血　选健康山羊和绵羊，无菌操作自颈静脉采…     

亚成体大熊猫细菌性败血病病因及病性研究

对１只死亡的亚成体大熊猫的临床剖检、病理组织学观察及微生物学检验，表明该大熊猫是因大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌混合感染致死。２种菌对小白鼠的半数致死量分别为２．７６×１０８和４．０５×１０８个菌。其中大肠埃希氏菌的免疫原性较低。死亡大熊猫甲状腺功能低下。     

喹胺醇对小白鼠的抗感染试验

喹胺醇是从喹恶啉类化合物中筛选出的新型饲料添加剂,它具有增重明显、毒性低于喹乙醇等特点。为进一步验证口服喹胺醇对提高畜禽抗感染的能力,我们对喂食喹乙醇和喹胺醇的小白鼠感染大肠埃希氏菌后的抗感染能力进行了比较试验。１材料与方法１．１供试菌株大肠埃希氏菌...     

司帕沙星体外抗菌活性的试验

应用试管二倍稀释法测定司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体等病原微生物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)和最小杀菌浓度 (MBC) ,并与 4种氟喹诺酮药物及 3种其他抗菌药物相比较。结果表明 ,司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体均有良好的体外抗菌活性 ,优于其他对照药物     

增益素对雏鸡抗大肠埃希氏菌感染和增重的影响

将 90只 1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成 3组 ,第 1、2组在其饮水中添加增益素 ,连续 2周 ;第 3组为对照组。 7日龄时人工感染致病性大肠埃希氏菌 ,待出现症状后对第 1组鸡给予庆大霉素治疗 ,每周称重 1次 ,最后统计发病率和死亡率。结果表明 ,饮服增益素的鸡对致病性大肠埃希氏菌具有一定的抵抗力 ,可降低发病率 ,并对鸡的生长有一定促进作用     

鸡大肠埃希氏菌的药物敏感性测定

鸡大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠埃希氏菌 (Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ)引起鸡的一种细菌性疾病 ,近年已成为养鸡业主要疾病之一。目前对该病主要是利用抗菌药物进行预防和发病时的治疗 ,由于大肠埃希氏菌血清型繁多、且复杂 ,同时各地区血清型存在较大差异 ,给该病的防治带来很大困难。本试验对分离的 17株大肠埃希氏菌用氟哌酸等 11种药物进行药敏试验 ,旨在为大肠杆菌病的临床治疗提供用药参考。1　材料与方法1.1　试验用菌株　 17株大肠埃希氏菌均从东北地区发病鸡场分离获得 ,并经生化试验鉴定 ,编号为 1— 17号。1.2　培养基　营养琼…     

大肠埃希氏菌血清型鉴定及黏着素抗原的测定

对 95株已鉴定的大肠埃希氏菌 ,采用玻板凝集法进行了O抗原血清型的鉴定 ,确定 46株为O抗原血清型。同时采用免疫荧光技术和D 甘露糖抵抗血凝反应 (MRHA)及其抑制试验测定 ,确定为O抗原血清型的大肠埃希氏菌的黏着素抗原 ,其中 2 3株具有K88、K99、987P 3种黏着素抗原。结果表明 ,同时采用上述 2种方法筛选大肠埃希氏菌的黏着素抗原 ,其准确性和灵敏性更高。     

中草药消除大肠埃希氏菌耐药性及耐药质粒的研究

在系统鉴定和药敏试验的基础上,对9株大肠埃希氏菌多重耐药菌株进行耐药基因定位,结果表明有4株菌株的氨苄青霉素耐药基因位于质粒上.通过对中草药煎煮、水蒸气蒸馏等方法提取其有效成分,对耐药大肠埃希氏菌进行耐药性消除试验,结果发现大蒜油等对大肠埃希氏菌氨苄青霉素耐药性有消除作用;鱼腥草、紫草等对大肠埃希氏菌庆大霉素耐药性及耐药质粒有消除作用,消除率分别为2.98%和4.20%.     

莲子芯水煎剂抗新城疫病毒和抑菌作用观察

将莲子芯水煎剂和新城疫病毒分别接种于随机分为 5组的 10日龄鸡胚尿囊腔 ,3 7.5℃孵化 96h ,收集尿囊液 ,测定血凝效价。结果表明 ,无论采用何种给药途径 ,莲子芯水煎剂在鸡胚内 ,均对感染 2 0EID50 的新城疫病毒增殖具有显著的抑制作用。将莲子芯水煎剂 (1.0 0g/mL)按原液、0 .5 0g/mL、0 .2 5g/mL ,用挖孔法测定其对大肠埃希氏菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌的抑菌直径。结果 ,该水煎剂对以上菌株均有不同程度的抑菌作用 ,其中浓度为 1.0 0g/mL的水煎剂对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径分别为 18、2 0mm。     

梅花鹿混合感染普通变形杆菌及大肠埃希氏菌的诊治

1999年 68月 ,我园先后发生了 3例梅花鹿的急性死亡 ,其死前症状与尸体剖检病变基本一致 ,取 1例死亡鹿的病理材料送实验室作微生物培养 ,结果显示为普通变形杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌合并感染。药敏试验结果表明 :2株菌对氧哌嗪青霉素、福达欣、先锋必素敏感 ;对庆大霉素、妥布霉素、磺胺甲基异恶唑不敏感 ;大肠埃希氏菌对丁胺卡那霉素敏感而普通变形杆菌则中度敏感。根据药敏试验立即选取敏感药物进行治疗 ,该群梅花鹿未见再发生死亡。由于该病发病急、死亡快、常规抗菌药物治疗无效。1　临床症状3例死亡梅花鹿 ( 2雄 ,1雌 )均系成年 ,发病前无…     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.