电击死心肌组织中纤维连接蛋白的实验观察

目的 研究电击死大鼠心肌组织中纤维连接蛋白的表达,为电击死和电损伤的鉴定提供一定依据。方法 取大鼠12只,实验组与对照组各6只。应用SABC法对实验组与对照组进行免疫组化研究。同时应用常规染色作比较。结果 电击死心肌内出现纤维连接蛋白的阳性,与对照组差别有意义(P<0.01)。结论 心肌组织中纤维连接蛋白的强阳性表达对电击死的法医学鉴定有一定参考价值。     

大鼠电击死心脑肺及皮肤超微结构的改变

目的 观察电击致死大鼠的心、脑、肺、皮肤超微结构形态学改变，寻找电击死的法医学鉴定依据。方法 大鼠12只，其中电击致死6只，另6只对照；取心、脑、肺、皮肤，用戊二醛固定、锇酸染色后透射电镜观察。结果 所取组织细胞均见明显细胞凋亡样改变，其中红细胞肿胀变形，充填整个毛细血管管腔。结论 心、脑、肺、皮肤组织细胞与血管内皮细胞的超微结构形态改变对鉴定电流死有参考价值。     

37例电击死的法医学分析

随着电器在日常生活中的广泛使用，触电事故也逐渐增多。法医学对电击死鉴定的关键在于寻找皮肤电流损伤斑迹，但由于触电环境、电流强度、电压高低的不同，所造成的损伤形态特征或电流斑也各有不同。本文通过对37例电击死亡案件的鉴定分析，对鉴定中一些问题进行探讨。     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌心钠素免疫组化研究

研究青壮年猝死综合征病理形态学诊断依据。应用免疫组化LSAB,观察10例SMDS及10例非心性死亡对照组死者ANP变化情况。结果发现,SMDS中7例ANP呈阴性,3例呈弱阳性;10例非心性死亡ANP呈强阳性。研究表明,SMDS死者心房内ANP数量减少是导致死亡的重要因素,可通过ANP免疫组化观察找到SMDS死亡的形态学依据。     

人心肌梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T脱失的免疫组化观察

目的 观察人梗死心肌中心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失情况，探讨其在人心肌梗死死后诊断中的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组化LSAB法，对人心肌梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失情况观察。结果 人梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T有明显脱失，通过计算机图像分析显示，人梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失面积与正常人心肌之间存在显著性差异(P＜0.01)。结论 心肌肌钙蛋白T(CTnT)可能成为人心肌梗死的诊断指标之一。     

电击死心肌肌红蛋白的免疫组化研究

作者应用ABC法对电击致死组与对照组心肌肌红蛋白（Myoglobin，Mb）进行免疫组化研究，同时以常规H．E染色作比较．结果发现：ABC法染色时，对照组心肌Mb呈小灶性脱失，电击致死组心肌Mb是片状脱失伴Mb颗粒弥散至心肌间质。表明电击致死者心肌友生缺血性损伤。此结果可为电击致死者的法医学检验提供辅助诊断依据。     

远离电击部位电流通路上骨骼肌的病理学研究

研究电损伤时骨骼肌中肌红蛋白(Mb)和纤维连接蛋白(Fn)的异常分布情况。采用大鼠模型和人体电击死标本,对电流通路上骨骼肌组织进行肌红蛋白、纤维连接蛋白免疫组化(LSAB)检测。结果显示:电流通路上肌细胞呈现深浅不同竹节样改变,免疫组化法见Mb脱失,Fn呈阳性,呈蟒蛇状纹理。电流通路上骨骼肌竹节样和蟒蛇纹理改变对无典型电流斑法医学鉴定有实用价值。     

大鼠早期心肌缺血心肌肌钙蛋白T脱失的组化研究

目的研究早期心肌缺血大鼠模型上心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失情况。方法应用免疫组化LSAB法显色观察。结果缺血15分钟,大鼠心肌肌钙蛋白T即有明显脱失,随缺血时间的延长,脱失面积呈扩大趋势。计算机图像分析显示缺血大鼠心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失面积与正常大鼠心肌之间存在显著性差异。结论心肌肌钙蛋白T是诊断早期心肌缺血的较为敏感的指标之一。     

人脑挫伤后波形蛋白表达的免疫组化染色观察

目的观察人脑挫伤后波形蛋白（vimentin,Vim）的动态变化,探讨星形胶质细胞Vim表达变化与脑损伤时间的关系。方法42例闭合性脑损伤死亡者,根据伤后死亡时间分为6组（〈2h,〈24h,〈3d,〈7d,〈14d,≤30d）;取大脑挫伤灶进行HE和Vim免疫组织化学染色,对Vim染色阳性细胞面积进行图像分析。结果HE染色显示,脑挫伤后2h挫伤灶内脑组织挫碎、出血,5．5h挫伤灶周出现反应性星形胶质细胞,3d脑水肿明显,7d反应性星形胶质细胞明显增多,14d胶质结节形成,30d出现大量泡沫细胞,胶质瘢痕增多。Vim染色结果显示,脑挫伤后5．5hVim开始表达,少量Vim阳性细胞出现在挫伤灶周围,7d阳性反应性最强,14d逐渐下降,30d胶质瘢痕增多,Vim阳性表达又增强。Vim阳性细胞主要为反应性星形胶质细胞。结论Vim在反应性星形胶质细胞内表达呈现一定波动性,其表达部位在脑挫伤周围,Vim免疫组化染色结合图像分析技术可作为推断脑挫伤时间及部位的参考指标。     

病毒性心肌炎纤维连接蛋白的免疫组化初步研究

运用免疫组织化学方法,对１２例尸检标本进行心肌组织的纤维连结蛋白（Ｆｉｂｒｏｎｅｃｔｉｎ,ＦＮ）检测。基于Ｄａｌｌａｓ标准的明确或界限性病毒性心肌炎５例,其浸润的白细胞中单核细胞、巨噬细胞、部分中性粒白细胞ＦＮ呈阳性,其中３例心肌细胞内ＦＮ阳性。暴力死伴心肌间质灶性白细胞浸润３例,罕见ＦＮ阳性的单核－巨噬细胞、中性粒白细胞,心肌细胞内ＦＮ阴性。非心性死亡对照４例,均无上述ＦＮ阳性改变。实验提示,心肌组织内ＦＮ的免疫组化观察对于发现心肌炎不典型的心肌变性、坏死,鉴别心肌间质白细胞的炎性和非炎性浸润具有一定的价值     

Suicidal electrocution in a bathtub

A case of suicidal electrocution in a filled bathtub is presented with a discussion of the mechanism of electrocution in water. A modern safety device, the Ground Fault Interruptor Circuit, is also described.     

Study on electrocution death by low-voltage

Seven cases of electrocution death by low voltage (<80 V) were studied. Autopsy was carried out and the death scene was investigated. The conditions for low-voltage electrocution death, the state of the victim at the time of electrocution, postmortem examination and the nature of the electricity is discussed. It was pointed out that low-voltage electrocution was related to the nature of electricity, individual characteristics and environment conditions.     

Problems in the evaluation of electrocution fatalities in the bathtub

Forty-eight cases of electrocution in the bathtub are reported which were recorded in Düsseldorf and G?ttingen from 1972 to 1986; 19 cases were established to be suicides, with a sex ratio of 1:3 in favor of females. Marks of electricity were found in 8 cases. Five other cases were distinguished by linear marks indicating the water level, and in 10 cases a peculiar restriction of the postmortem hypostasis on the submersed areas could be seen. We presume from our own material that the latter findings can be easily ignored. As linear, circumscribed lividity could not be detected in bath deaths without electricity, it may be a specific finding. We recommend that more attention be paid to this phenomen. In all of our cases, 220 V current was involved, i.e., the usual household supply. The calculated amperage was about 100 to 250 mA, which means that ventricular fibrillation occurred within a few seconds. In 14 cases foam was established at the mouth and the nostrils, or in the air passages. We presume that, in these cases, death by electrocution was finally superimposed by drowning without developing the typical emphysema aquosum.     

Significance of skin metallization in the diagnosis of electrocution

The differentiation of minute current marks from the faint traces of burns may offer some difficulties. Marcinkowski and Wojciechowski (1973) treated the skin of corpses with the same metal objects either heated to a high temperature or exposed to 250 V of alternating current, and determined (by an electrographic method) that metallization appeared only after applying the electric current.The continuation of these observations is linked with the actual experimental studies of Pankowski. By treating the skin of corpses with alternating and direct current of 10, 50, 100 and 250 V for 0.3 sec, 1 sec, 30 sec and 1 min passing through a radioactive electrode of ⁶⁰Co, he has shown that the radioactivity of the skin at the site of electrode contact increases with the elevation of the voltage and its duration. In the case of direct current the rise was 630 – 54000-fold at the site of the positive electrode.Using electrodes of copper, aluminium and iron (not radioactive) it has also been shown (by an electrographic method) that metallization intensifies under the same conditions of time and voltage.Metallization could be detected even when no current marks on the skin were evident. Electrography appears to be extremely useful in the detection of metallization. No metallization was detected at the site of the negative electrode (as refers to direct current).     

Two cases of suicidal electrocution

Two cases of suicidal electrocution are presented: one using a household lamp, the other using a homemade electrocution machine. The mechanisms of death and the histologic changes in electrocution are discussed.     

生前电击与死后电击骨骼肌肌小节的长度变化

目的研究生前电击与死后电击的肌小节长度变化,为生前电击与死后电击的鉴别提供新的方法。方法12只兔随机分为对照I组、对照II组、电击死组和死后电击组。每组3只。对照I、II组与死后电击组兔分别从耳缘静脉注射空气30m l处死。对照I组处死后,于死后即刻取其后肢股四头肌;对照II组死后24h于相同部位取材;电击死组兔通220V交流电,通电致兔死后即刻取材;死后电击组于死后即刻通220V交流电4m in后,在相同部位取材。用透射电镜观察骨骼肌肌小节长度变化,对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果生前电击与死后电击骨骼肌肌小节均缩短,与对照组I相比,前者较后者缩短程度更甚(P=0.000);死后电击组与对照I组相比,仅轻微缩短(P=0.000),对照II组相比,缩短较为明显(P=0.000);对照II组较对照I组的肌小节显著伸长(P=0.000)。结论研究骨骼肌肌小节的长度变化有助于鉴别生前电击与死后电击。     

电击伤与电击死的法医学研究进展

电击伤和电击死是法医实践工作中常遇到的案例,尽管有许多学者从电击伤(死)后各个组织器官的形态学以及分子水平的变化进行了大量的研究,但实际检案中,法医工作者对其诊断(主要是对无电流斑的死因推断)仍没有统一的标准和直接客观的特异性指标,且对电击工具的推断、生前电击和死后电击的鉴别以及电击死后死亡时间的判断都有一定的困难,故其一直是法医学研究的热点。本文针对以上问题对电击伤(死)的法医学研究进展做一综述,为对其进一步研究提供一些思路。